Informatics Publishing Limited

Amandeep Kaur ¹, Neeru Malhotra ², Bindiya Jain ³

Affiliations
1 Global Institute, Amritsar (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jalandhar (Punjab), IN
3 DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jalandhar, IN

Abstract

In this paper, we use different types of polarization schemes to measure polarization mode dispersion in WDM system and analyse the BER, Q factor and Eye diagram of various channels. We investigate that if polarization angle can be controlled with the help of polarization controller at ellipticity=+45/-450, azimuth= 00 corresponding to right hand/left hand circular polarization then the overall results shows improvement of Q-factor and BER in case of odd and even channels of the system. The polarization mode dispersion in this mode is also lower than other polarization modes.

Keywords

Bit Error Rate (BER), Eye Diagram, Polarization Controller, Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), Polarization Schemes, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Q Factor.

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Bindiya Jain ¹, Gursewak Brar ², Jyoteesh Malhotra ³

Affiliations
1 DAV Institute of Engg. and Technology, Fatehgarh Sahib, IN
2 BBSBEC, Fatehgarh Sahib, IN
3 Guru Nanak Dev University, Jalandhar, IN

Abstract

Cross-Layer Design have now developing hottest research area in wireless sensor systems as it is pursuing to improve the ability of wireless networks remarkably through the joint optimization of several layers in the network. The design of our protocol is to deal with the overhearing problem and low duty cycle based on adaptive sleeping. The Mac layer is using the information of routing layer to decide the node duty cycle in order to extend the node's sleep time. Thus cross layer protocol design objective is to reduce protocol overhead significantly for route discovery as ring based structure find shortest path for the node in the outer ring to the sink in the network. Extensive simulation results shows that ring based protocol EEIMRP as compared to IMRP can significantly reduce the protocol overhead thus reduces delay in the network, improves energy efficiency, throughput and prolonged network lifetime.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Cross Layer Protocol, Energy Efficiency, Ring Based Sensor Network, Adaptive Sleeping.

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