Informatics Publishing Limited

Balkar Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of CSE, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

In this paper we presented three steganalysis techniques which are developed using statistical properties of an image. When secret data is hidden in an image, the statistical properties like variance, correlation, entropy, (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) PSNR, and (Mean Square Error) MSB are changed due to the hidden secret data. We have used these quantitative measures to detect whether any secret data is present in the image or not. Using a statistical approach, we investigated the inherent detectability of several commonly used steganography techniques to check the performance of proposed steganalysis approaches.

Keywords

Statistical Approaches, Digital Image Steganalysis.

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Balkar Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Steganography is the art and science of concealing information in unremarkable cover media so as not to stimulate an eavesdropper's suspicion. This is an application under information security field and focuses on capacity. In this paper we propose a new image steganography technique which embeds a secret image in high frequency domains resulted from Discrete Wavelet Transform. Embedding of image is accomplished on byte level, while maintaining good visual quality of stego image. Coefficients in the low frequency sub-band are unaltered to retain the image quality.

Keywords

Discrete Wavelet Transform, Security, Steganography, Byte Wise Embedding.

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Balkar Singh ¹, Dalbir Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, Monad University, UP, IN
2 Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The present paper attempts to examine correlates of HIV risk perception HIV/AIDS present a unique global challenge because at present there is no cure for it. WHO estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981, making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history. In 2005 alone, AIDS claimed an estimated 3.1 million (between 2.8 and 3.6 million) of which more than half a million (570,000) were children (UNAIDS, 2005).

Keywords

HIV Perception, Students.

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Anil Kumar ¹, Vijay Kumar ², Balkar Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 IKU Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar – 144603, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chitkara University, Patiala – 140401, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This research work is conducted in small scale industries to highlight energy efficiency gap that has often been neglected from the analysis in manufacturing cluster. The study is done to evaluate - Intensity of Barrier (IOB), Easiness of Barrier Removal (EOB) and Impact of Barrier Removal (IBREE) on Energy Efficiency for the top four barrier-groups by using mathematical model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Methods/Statistical Analysis: The data for AHP matrix is collected through an online questionnaire sent to 180 respondents from the list of 330 industries selected randomly. The four barrier groups are selected based on various studies conducted on Barriers to energy efficiency in India and abroad. The total cluster population consists of 330 Small Scale Manufacturing units in Mohali district of Punjab. Considering the reliability of respondents, the confidence interval 0.20 and confidence level 95% is chosen respectively. The calculated sample size using these parameters is 22. Findings: The Results highlighted many important findings that inhibit the energy efficiency benefits is these cluster and affect degree of implementation. Policy and Regulatory Barrier followed by Personal&Informational Barrier having score value 0.36 and 0.24 respectively are found to be high-intensity Barriers that act as impediments to energy efficiency policies in manufacturing cluster. The Personal&Informational Barrier is easiest to remove whereas Policy and Regulatory Barrier is most difficult to remove barrier group according to AHP results. Application/Improvements: The analysis pointed out that if Policy and Regulatory Barrier is removed would result in significant chances of achieving energy efficiency in these clusters. An initiative from state government bodies in collaboration with field specific experts is necessary to formulate effective policies to address this barrier group. The Personal&Informational Barrier can be addressed through regular interactions with experts, training programs and behavior modification techniques.

Keywords

AHP, Barriers, Criteria-Alternatives, Energy-Efficiency, Manufacturing Cluster.

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