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Rajkumar, Balaji
- Survey and Surveillance of Natural Enemies in Mango Ecosystem
Authors
1 ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow - 226101, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Regional Station-Appangala, Madikeri - 571201, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 160-162Abstract
Abundance of natural enemies in mango ecosystem was studied through survey and surveillance. In order to record the natural enemies associated with mango ecosystem surveys were conducted in mango orchards in and around Malihabad block of Lucknow for two years. During the study period ten species of coccinellids and two species of chrysopid predators were recorded. The activity of lady bird beetles was noticed in mango orchard during first week of March to last week of March (10 to 13th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) of 2016). Lady bird beetles, Coccinella septempunctata, C. transversalis, and Menochilus sexmaculata, were found in abundance and their population counts were taken. Peak populations of coccinellids were observed during 12th SMW with 3.3 adult beetles/panicle. Six species of parasitoids were collected from the mango ecosystem, among them; the most abundant parasitoid was Brachymeria lasus, parasitizing mango leaf webber. It was evident that wherever indiscriminate use of insecticides was undertaken, natural enemy population was very low. In unprotected orchards abundant natural enemies were recorded. In order to achieve natural control of the pest it is advised that the orchardists adopt minimal spray may be taken up.
Keywords
Coccinellids, Mango, Natural Enemies.References
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- Fauna Associated with Wheat Cultivation in High Altitudes of the Nilgiris, India
Authors
1 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington 643 231, IN
2 The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 8499000, IL
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Regional Station, Madikeri 571 201, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Regional Station, Udagamandalam 643 004, IN
5 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Udhagamandalam 643 004, IN
7 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 426-433Abstract
Wheat cultivation in southern India is unique as it is grown in high altitudes (1500 m amsl), surrounded by the pristine environment of the Western Ghats. Also, it can be grown throughout the year, unlike only once a year in India’s central and northern plains. The faunal pressure on wheat cultivation in southern India is different from the other wheat-growing regions in the country. However, information on faunal diversity associated with wheat crops in this unique ecosystem is meagre. Hence, the present study aimed to acquire knowledge based on the fauna associated with and their influence on wheat cultivation in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, South India. Our results indicated that the phylum Arthropoda dominated the ecosystem with 61 species, followed by the Chordata with 41 species, and the Nematoda with 22 species. The coleopterans were found to be dominant among arthropods followed by lepidopterans. In chordates, small birds such as spotted munia and common rosefinch were observed often, while among the Nematoda, the plant-parasitic order Tylenchida topped the list. During different phases of cultivation, the overall diversity was highest during the early stages of the crop and least during the vegetative phase. This study also highlights the human– animal interaction in the context of agriculture, as it was observed that the damage caused by Nilgiri gaur, spotted munia and common rosefinch was one of the major reasons for non-preference of wheat crops by the farmers besides the lack of cost-effective technologies to ward-off wild animals. This initiative may encourage researchers to perform more comprehensive studies on the faunal diversity of the entire crop-growing areas in the southern hill regions of India.Keywords
Agroecosystem, Animals, Biodiversity, Birds, Nematodes, Wheat.References
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