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K. Mukherjee , S. Badami , A. M. Wahile , S. Rajan , B. Suresh

Abstract

Objective: Evaluation of tyrosinase inhibitory activity of spices. Materials and methods: Ten different spices considered as usual commodity in Indian food habits was screened for their inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined by dopachrome method using L-DOPA as the substrate. Results: Amongst the spices tested four spices viz. Turmeric (Curcuma longa ), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), pipal (Ficus religiosa) showed the specific inhibitory activity against tryrosinase above 50% and out of them turmeric showed maximum inhibition which can be further explored for the characterization of the phytoconstituents. Other spices showed potential inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Conclusion: This finding could lead to the design and discovery of new tyrosinase inhibitors from Indian spices.

Keywords

Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Alcohol Extract, Piper Nigrum, Ficus Religiosa, Myristica Fragrance, Nigella Sativa, Cinnamomum Tamala, Murraya Koenigii, Coriandrum Sativum, Cuminum Cyminum, Carum Carvi, Curcuma Longa

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V. Murugan , S. Gulhana , S. Badami , M. Ramanathan , B. Suresh

Abstract

Objective: To perform the androgenic and anti-androgenic activity of the total alkaloid fraction of Alangium salviifolium (Family: Alangiaceae). Materials and methods: The total alkaloid fraction of the methanolic extract of stem bark of Alangium salviifolium was used for the experiment. Immature male albino rats received orally a dose of 10 mg and 20 mg/kg body weight of the fraction for 7 days. The weight of the reproductive organs of the treated rats was measured on the eighth day of the treatment and histometric measurements were carried out. Results: A significant increase in the weight of testis, seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and epididymis was observed in the treated rats. Conclusion: The results suggest the androgenic behaviour of the total alkaloid fraction.

Keywords

Alangium salviifolium, Total Alkaloid Fraction, Androgenic Activity

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R. Srinivasan , M. J. N. Chandrasekar , M. J. Nanjan , B. Suresh

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of Ipomoea obscura (L.) whole plant belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. Methods: Three successive whole plant extracts (petroleum ether, methanol and water) of Ipomoea obscura were prepared and the total phenolic content was estimated. The extract were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2'-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzo-thiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by p-nitroso dimethyl aniline (p-NDA) and deoxyribose assays and the IC₅₀ values were calculated. Results: The total phenol content in methanol and water extracts was found to be 18.15 mg/g and 9.12 mg/g, respectively. Among the three extracts tested, the methanol extract showed maximum activity with IC₅₀ values 53.12 ± 0.33, 108.40 ± 2.15, 107.90 ± 1.20 and 424.00 ± 2.90 μg/ml, for ABTS, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical inhibition assays, respectively. The water and petroleum ether extracts showed moderate to low activity compared to methanol extract when tested for ABTS, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical inhibition assays. All the three extracts showed less activity at high concentrations when tested against superoxide and hydroxyl radical inhibition assays. Conclusion: The successive methanol extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity and merits further investigations in animal models and isolation of its active constituents.

Keywords

Ipomoea obscura (L.), Free Radical Scavenging Activity, DPPH, ABTS

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P. K. Mukherjee , K. Mukherjee , A. C. J. Hermans-lokkerbol , R. Verpoorte , B. Suresh

Abstract

Objective: Estimation of quercetin content of Eupatorium glandulosum and Coolebroke oppositifolia by HPLC. Materials and methods: The presence of quercetin (3, 3^I, 4^I, 5, 7 - pentahydroxyflavone) present in the leaves of Eupatorium glandulosum (Family- Asteraceae) and Coolebroke oppositifolia (Family : Labiatae) was quantitatively estimated by high performance liquid chromatography using reversed phase (RP-HPLC) with stepwise gradient elution on a RP C18 column. A two step elution with: acetonitrile- water- phosphoric acid (85%): from 16-83-1 to 32-67-1(v/v) was made. Results: The leaf extracts of E. glandulosum and C. oppositifolia contained 4.96 and 2.10 % and the respective powdered leaf contained 0.19 % (w/w) and 0.09 % (w/w) of quercetin . Conclusion: The method developed is useful to obtain quantitative values for quercetin present in these plant species, which may be useful for standardization of the same.

Keywords

Eupatorium Glandulosum, Coolebroke Oppositifolia, Flavonoid, Quercetin, RP-HPLC

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R. Vadivelan , S. Bhadra , Avs. Ravi , A. Shanish , K. Elango , B. Suresh

Abstract

This study reports the anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing property of an ethanolic ischolar_main extract of Rubus ellipticus Smith in rats. The carregeenin-induced rat paw edema was utilized as a model for acute inflammatory and the probable mode by which Rubus ellipticus mediates its effects on inflammatory conditions was studied on rat blood cells exposed to hypotonic solution. The results of the study revealed that the extract possesses antiinflammatory activity. Rubus ellipticus significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001) reduced the oedema swelling induced by carrageenin in rats at both the dose levels of 250 and 500 mg/kg, while 125 mg/kg did not show any significant activity. However, the extract did not exhibit membrane stabilizing property, as it failed to significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of haemolysis of RBC exposed to hypotonic solution. The acute toxicity studies of oral doses of ethanolic ischolar_main extract in rats revealed that it has a high safety profile, as the extract was well tolerated by the animals. The results of the study suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated by Rubus ellipticus may not be related to membrane stabilization.

Keywords

Rubus Ellipticus, Anti-inflammatory, Membrane Stabilizing Property

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D. Janagam ¹, B. Suresh ¹, S. Nagarathinam ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Economics, Periyar University, Salem–11, TN, IN

Abstract

The shift from behaviourism to cognitivism in educational physiology has replaced an increasing responsibility on learners for their own learning and self regulated learning has become a frequent area of educational research. In this context, the study conducted a Quasi-Experiment to examine the efficiency of task-based learning (TBL) and traditional instructional approaches on various facets of students self regulated education, including motivation and learning strategies with help of MSLQ. Participants included 61 Periyar University PG students from 2 Intact classes (TBL&non-TBL) Instructed by the same environmental economics teacher. Non-TBL group with teacher-centred, text bookoriented traditional instruction; they taught the experimental group with task based learning in which students worked with ill-structured problems. Results revealed that TBL students had higher levels of intrinsic goal orientation, task value, use of elaboration learning strategies, critical thinking, metacognitive self-regulation, effort regulation and peer learning compared with control-group students.

Keywords

Task Based Learning, Problem Based Learning, Self Regulation, Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire(MSLQ)

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R. Vadivelan ¹, S. P. Dhanabal ², Patil Mohan ², A. Shanish ², K. Elango ², B. Suresh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore), Ooty, Nilgiris - 643 001., IN
2 J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore) Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, IN

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Though different types of oral hypoglycemic agents are available, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies due to effectiveness, minimal side effects in clinical experience and relatively low cost. We investigated effect of oral administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Mukia maderaspatana in diabetic and normal rats for hypoglycemic activity and antihypergylcemic activity. Diabetes was induced in male wistar albino rats of body weight 150-200 g by intraperitoneal administration of ice-cold aqueous alloxan monohydrate at dose of 150 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of blood glucose from the tail vein at 0, 1, 3, and 5 hr post treatment with plant extract. Glibenclamide was used as standard drug. The fasting blood glucose levels of diabetic untreated rats were significantly higher than those of normal. The ethanolic extracts of Mukia maderaspatana at 100 and 200 mg/kg showed 20% and 24.4% decrease in blood glucose level respectively in diabetic rats after 5 h of treatment. Treatment with glibenclamide at 0.2 g/kg dose level show 31.8% decrease in blood glucose level in diabetic rats. The present study revealed that the oral administration of ethanolic extracts at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses exhibited a significant antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan induced diabetes and also no hypoglycemic effect was observed in normal rats.

Keywords

Mukia maderaspatana, Alloxan Diabetic Rats, Antidiabetic Activity and Hypoglycemic Activity.

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P. Ramkumar ¹, B. Suresh ²

Affiliations
1 AMET University, Chennai - 603112, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai - 625021, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Ebola virus in humans causes hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate of 50% to 90%. So far, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for the Ebola virus. Patients experience uncontrollable bleeding from all body orifices, with intravenous fluid replacement therapy offering little consolation. World Health Organization (WHO) declared this epidemic as an international public health emergency. Moreover, there is now considerable concern that this Ebola outbreak will threaten world security. The proliferation rate of the disease since 2013 is at an alarming rate and is simultaneously found reflected in an abnormal research literature output. A sum total of 2172 publications were captured from the PubMed covering a longer period spanned between 1985 and 2014. While tracing the development trend in both the frequency distribution of the disease and countries affected, the data of research publications in Ebola were subjected to a Scientrometric study to find out if there exists a correlation between the countries affected by a specific disease and countries contributing to Ebola research. As usual in the case of any epidemic, USA leads in Biomedical research nullifying the hypothesis of the present study while the mostly affected African countries were poor in Ebola research contributions.

Keywords

Biomedical Research, Ebola Research, Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), PubMed, Scientrometric

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D. Jackuline Moni ¹, B. Suresh ¹, R. Malarkodi ¹

Affiliations
1 Karunya University, IN

Abstract

This paper describes the device characteristics verification and biasing analysis of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) devices with single gate and double gate in comparison with bulk MOSFET. Improvement in threshold voltage controllability and variability has been observed for these devices. One of the leading double gate devices, FinFET is analyzed over different parameter variations and with back biasing techniques. Wide threshold voltage controllability of the FinFET device in comparison with all other devices is justified. The performance of independently gated four–terminal FinFETs with symmetric gate-oxide thickness (tox1=tox2=0.5nm) and the same kind FinFET with asymmetric gate-oxide thickness whose front gate-oxide tox1=0.5nm and back gate-oxide tox2=5nm, has been successfully analyzed. A comparison between symmetric and asymmetric gate work function has been analyzed. Also the gate oxide materials are changed and the response for High-K materials is analyzed and compared with the conventional devices. Some of the peculiar characteristics exhibited by the device for the fin width variation when controlled in single gate (SG) and independent gate (IG) modes have been proposed here.

Keywords

FinFET, SOI, Single Gate, Double Gate, High k.

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R. S. Shiva Prasad ¹, A. Balasubramanian ², B. Suresh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Studies in Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Discharge of industrial wastewater to surface or groundwater pollutes the environment. Therefore, treatment of any kind of wastewater before letting it off as effluent is always necessary to prevent contamination of natural systems, especially water. In this regard choosing an effective treatment system assumes importance. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) system has proven to offer substantial benefits to alternative conventional flow systems for the biological treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters. Operationally, SBR is extremely flexible in its ability to meet many different treatment objectives, while physically it is very simple. Sequencing batch (fill-and-draw) biological reactors can be operated to provide equalization, treatment, and sedimentation in the same set of reactors. The wastewaters can be held in the treatment systems until the desired effluent quality is achieved. The above results were obtained through the experiments carried out in a pharmaceutical industry. The effluents generated by the industry are pretreated and taken to evaporation system. The effluent condensate generated, containing organic load is taken to sequencing batch reactor for further treatment. The results are very encouraging and cost effective. This paper describes the SBR physical system and explains approaches to develop the design needed to meet different treatment objectives.

Keywords

Wastewater Treatment, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Activated Sludge Process, Diffused Aeration System, F/M Ratio.

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R. Sudhakar ¹, V.V. Kumar ¹, R. Venkatesh ¹, B. Suresh ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Sri Ramakrishna Engg. College, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

The output performance characteristics of the engine used in Tillers is based on the various factors such as discharge of the pump, nozzle, and dimensions of rocker arm, rocker screw, adjusting crank case, gear case, timing gears, piston, piston rings and cylinder head. The objective of the work is to get the optimum solution for getting the increased Horse Power (HP) and Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) of the engine based on maintaining the mentioned components dimensions in close tolerance in addition to process wise monitoring during assembly and engine testing. During engine testing, the pump discharge is adjusted by the fuel adjuster and the tolerance limits are kept closer to the actual value to obtain the required HP and SFC.

Keywords

Diesel Engines, Horse Power, Specific Fuel Consumption, Engine Assembly.

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