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Ravi Kumar, B.
- Hepatoprotective Effect of the Methanolic Extract of whole Plant of Borreria articularis on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats
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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care, Vol 2, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 285-292Abstract
The hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Borreria articularis ( L.F) F.N. W illams: ( Rubiaceae ) at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were evaluated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) intoxication in rats. The toxic group which received 25% CCl 4 in olive o il (1 ml/kg ) per oral (p.o), alone exhi bited significant incre ase in serum ALT , AS T , ALP , TB l evels. It also exhibited significant (P<0. 001) decre ase in TP and ALB l evels. The groups received pretreatment of Borreria articularis at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w.p.o. had reduced the AST, ALT, ALP and TB levels and the effects were comp ar ed with standard drug (Silymarin 100 mg/kg b .w.p. o).The total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) levels we re signifi cantly increased in the animals received pretre atment of the extract at the moderate and higher dose l evels and the histop athological studi es also supported the protective effect of the extract.Keywords
Carbon Tetra Chloride, Silymarin, Borreria articularis, Biochemical Parameters and Histological Study.- An Appraisal on Assessment of HAZ Toughness
Abstract Views :319 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, IN
2 lndian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, IN
1 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, IN
2 lndian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 34, No 4 (2001), Pagination: 9-18Abstract
Advances in welding technology and materials science have resulted in great improvements in the reliability of welded structures. However, catastrophic failures have not been uncommon. Most of the weld related failures have been attributed to have originated from the heat affected zone (HAZ), which is believed to be the weakest link in the heterogeneous welded joint comprising of weld metal, HAZ and the unaffected base material. One of the key requirements in the integrity assessment of welded joints is the availability of representative property data for the HAZ, which can be used for comparing with the applied stress and predict critical stress or the remaining life. The difficulties in estimating the properties of the HAZ are compounded by a microstructural gradient within a narrow zone. In this investigation, detailed experimental studies were carried out on the HAZ obtained in manual metal arc, submerged arc and gas metal arc welding processes. The properties evaluated include hardness, tensile data, CVN impact and fracture toughness. Inspite of placing the notch close to the fusion boundary, CVN impact tests do not provide the correct estimation of toughness because of irregular HAZ boundary and the finite ischolar_main radius of the CVN notch (0.25mm) which entails the crack to sample several heterogeneous grains. On the other hand, a sharp fatigue precrack narrows down the microstructural heterogeneity in the fracture toughness tests. Even so, the variation of the fracture toughness (CTOD) within the HAZ is as unpredictable as in CVN toughness. This depends on the crack tip encountering either a local brittle microstructure indicating pop-ins or the deviation of crack tip into adjacent softer microstructural regions resulting in an apparent increase of fracture toughness. Literature is lacking in proper validation criteria before the HAZ toughness test results can be applied for integrity assessment. The present paper systematically investigates the problems associated with evaluation of the properties of HAZ in typical C-Mn-Nb micro alloyed steel.Keywords
HAZ, Microstructural Gradient, Tensile Data, Impact Toughness, Fracture Toughness, CTOD, Pop-Ins, C-Mn-Nb Micro Alloyed Steel.- Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Friction Welded ASTM A106Gr.B Carbon Steel Pipe Joints by Varying Upset Pressures
Abstract Views :512 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500007, IN
2 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831001, IN
3 Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500007, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500007, IN
2 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831001, IN
3 Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500007, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 52, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 74-84Abstract
Friction welding is one of the most common methods employed in the joining of carbon and alloy steel tubular sections. In the present work, the analysis of the effect of upset pressure on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded ASTM A 106 Gr. B low carbon steel pipes has been investigated. The test joints were made using continuous drive welding machine with upset pressures of 5 MPa to 8 MPa and evaluated for microstructure, hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness. The weld joints exhibited mostly ferrite and pearlite microstructure in both fully plastically deformed zone (FPDZ), partially deformed zone (PDZ) on the either side of the weld interface and a distinct dynamically recrystallized ferrite pearlite microstructure was observed in the FPDZ at the weld centre line. Better tensile properties were observed in case of the joints made with upset pressure of 6.4 MPa. It is observed that the weld region is stronger than base metal and the hardness has increased with the increase in the upset pressure. Marginal reduction in the toughness was noted with the increase in the upset pressure.Keywords
Friction Welding, Upset Pressure, Fully Plastically Deformed Zone (FPDZ), Partially Deformed Zone (PDZ), Base Material (BM).References
- Sudhakar R, Sivasubramanian R and Yoganandh J (2018); Effect of automated MIG welding process Parameters on ASTM A106 Grade B pipe weldments used in high temperature applications, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 33(7), pp.749- 758.
- Rich T and Roberts R (1971); The Forge Phase of Friction Welding, Welding Research Supplement, pp.137-146.
- Messler Jr RW (1999); Principles of Welding: Processes, Physics, Chemistry, and Metallurgy, New York, John Wiley & Sons.
- Blondeau R (2013); Metallurgy and Mechanics of Welding: Processes and Industrial Applications, John Wiley & Sons.
- Sahin M (2007); Evaluation of the joint-interface properties of austenitic-stainless steels (AISI304) joined by friction welding, Materials and Design, 28(7), pp. 2244– 2250.
- Kuscu H, Becenen I and Sahin M (2008); Evaluation of temperature and properties at interface of AISI 1040 steels joined by friction welding, Assembly Automation, 28(4), pp.308–316.
- Amith H and Vikas C (2013); Experimental study of mechanical properties of friction welded AISI 1021 steels, Indian Academy of Sciences, 38(6), pp.1407-1419.
- Kalsi NS and Sharma VS (2011); A statistical analysis of rotary friction welding of steel with varying carbon in work pieces, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 57(9-12), pp.957– 967.
- Selvamani ST and Palanikumar K (2014); Optimizing the friction welding parameters to attain maximum tensile strength in AISI 1035 grade carbon steel rods, Measurements, 53, pp.10-21.
- Balta B, Arici AA and Yilmaz M (2016); Optimization of process parameters for friction weld steel tube forging joints, Materials and Design, 103, pp. 209-222.
- Satyanarayana VV, Reddy GM and Mohandas T (2004); Continuous Drive Friction welding studies on AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless steel welds, Materials and Manufacturing processes, 19(3), pp. 487-505.
- Ganesan M and Marimuthu P (2016); Experimental Investigation of Tensile Strength Behavior on Friction Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Grade 304L Joints, Int J Appl Eng Res, 11(2), pp.1251-1255.
- Ishibashi A, Ezoe S and Tanaka S (1983); Studies on friction welding of carbon and alloy steels”, Bulletin of JSME, 26(216), pp.1080-1087.
- Mathiazhagan N and Senthil kumar T (2015); Effect of mechanical properties and microstructure on medium carbon steel using friction welding, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Automobiles (EETA'15), 6, pp. 355-359.
- Sawai T, Ogawa K, Yamaguchi H, Ochi H, Yamamoto Y and Suga Y (2002); Evaluation of Joint Strength of Friction- Welded Carbon Steel by Heat Input, Journal Welding International, 16(6), pp. 581-590.
- Kimura M, Ichihara A, Kusaka M and Kaizu K (2012); Joint properties and their improvement of AISI 310S austenitic stainless steel thin walled circular pipe friction welded joint, Materials and Design, 38, pp. 38-46.
- Tumuluru MD (1984); A parametric study of inertia friction welding for low alloy steel pipes, Welding Research supplement, pp. 289-294.
- Kimura M, Kusaka M, Kaizu K, Nakata K and Nagatsuka K (2016); Friction welding technique and joint properties of thin-walled pipe friction-welded joint between type 6063 aluminum alloy and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 82(14), pp. 489-499.
- Kimura M, Sakaguchi H, Kusaka M, Kaizu K and Takahashi T (2016); Joint properties of friction welded joint between 6061 Al alloy pipe and Al-Si12CuNi (AC8A) Al cast alloy pipe, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 86(9-12), pp. 2603-2614.
- Palanivel R, Dinaharan I and Laubscher RF (2017); Assessment of microstructure and tensile behavior of continuous drive friction welded titanium tubes, Materials Science & Engineering: A, 687, pp. 249-258.
- Palanivel R, Dinaharan I and Laubscher RF (2019); A comparative study on microstructure and mechanical properties between friction and laser beam welded titanium tubes, Optik, 177, pp. 102-111.
- Sbalchiero JA, Martinazzi D, Lemos GVB, Reguly A and Ramos FD (2018); Replacement of Gas Metal Arc Welding by Friction Welding for Joining Tubes in the Hydraulic Cylinders Industry, Materials Research, 21(4), pp 1-8.
- Kumar MV and Balasubramanian V (2014); Microstructure and tensile properties of friction welded SUS 304HCu austenitic stainless steel tubes, Int J of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 113, pp. 25-31.
- Bezzant RK and Engel LB (1993); The Effects of Water Backing on SA106Gr. B Pipe Welds, Research and development, pp. 29-36.
- Dunkerton SB (1986); Toughness properties of friction welds in steels, welding Research Supplement, pp.193-202.
- Regression Model for Surface Roughness on EDM using Al6061 + SiC, Copper and Brass Tools
Abstract Views :309 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Kukatpally, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVSR Engineering College, Nadergul, Hyderabad, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Kukatpally, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVSR Engineering College, Nadergul, Hyderabad, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 18, No 9 (2019), Pagination: 11-16Abstract
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the electrical energy based Modern Machining Technique. where electrical energy is directly used to remove or cut the metals. In the present work experiments are conducted on EDM using Al6061+SiC(3%,6%,9%), Copper and Brass materials as electrodes and EN8 steel as work material. Discharge current (IP), pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF) are selected as process parameters, Surface Roughness (SR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) as response. Taguchi design of experiment is used to find the influence of process parameters on response and a mathematical model is developed. Percentage contribution of each factor is determined.Keywords
Discharge Current(IP), Pulse on Time (TON), Pulse Off Time (TOFF), Surface Roughness, EDM.References
- Sushil Kumar Choudhary: Current Advanced Research Development of Electric Discharge Machining (EDM), 'International Journal of Research in Advent Technology', vol. 2, no. 3 (E-ISSN: 2321-9637), 2014, 273-274
- Ho, KH; Newman, ST: State of the art electrical discharge machining (EDM), 'International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture', 43, 2003, 1287-1300.
- Rao, P Srinivasa; Reddy, Sidda B; Kumar, JS and Reddy, KVK: Fuzzy modelling for electrical discharge machining of AISI 304 stainless steel, 'Journal of Applied Sciences Research', 6 (11), 2010, 1687-1700.
- Tomadi, SH; Hassan, MA; Hamedon, Z; Daud, R; Khalid, AG: Analysis of the influence of EDM parameters on surface quality, material removal rate and electrode wear of tungsten carbide. In Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, 2009, Mar 18, vol. 2, 18-20.
- Wansheng, Zhao; Zhenlong, Wang; Shichun, Di; Guanxin, Chi; Hongyu, Wei: Ultrasonic and electric discharge machining to deep and small hole on titanium alloy, 'Journal of Materials Processing Technology', 120, 2002, 101-106.
- Çaydas, Ulas & Hasçalik, Ahmet: Modeling and analysis of electrode wear and white layer thickness in die-sinking EDM process through response surface methodology, 'Int J Adv Manuf Technol', 2008, 38:1148–1156.
- Yu, ZY; Rajurkar, KP and Shen, H: High Aspect Ratio and Complex Shaped Blind Micro Holes by Micro EDM, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA, 2002.
- Appa Rao, G; Mahendra Kumar, Srinivas, M; Sarma, DS: Effect of standard heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical, 2003.
- Kuppan, P & Rajadurai, A & Narayanan, S: Influence of EDM process parameters in deep hole drilling of Inconel 718, 'Int J Adv Manuf Technol', 2008, 38:74–84. properties of hot isostatically pressed superalloy inconel 718. 'Materials Science and Engineering A355', 2003, 114/125.
- Spedding, TA and Wang, ZQ: Study on modeling of wire EDM process, 'Journal of Materials Processing Technology', 69, 1997, 8- 28
- Salonitis, K; Stournaras, A; Stavropoulos, P & Chryssolouris, G: Thermal modelling of the material removal rate and surface roughness for die-sinking EDM, 'Int J Adv Manuf Technol', 2009, 40:316-323.
- Ankur Srivastava; Kumar Abhishek; Surav Datta; Chandramani Upadhyaya; Siba Sankar Mahapatra: Effect of variation of electrode material on machining performance of Al 6061 during EDM operation, Department of Mechanical Engineering FST, IFHE, Hyderabad, INDIA Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
- Arunkumar, N; Shareef, H; Rawoof, Abdur and Vivek, R: Investigation on the Effect of Process Parameters for Machining of EN31 (Air Hardened Steel) By EDM, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622, vol. 2, no. 4, July-August 2012, 1111-1121.
- Patel, VD; Patel, CP; Patel, UJ: Analysis of Different Tool Material on MRR and Surface Roughness of Mild Steel In EDM, 'International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA)', ISSN:2248-9622, vol. 1, no. 3, 394-397.
- Manish Vishwakarma; Khare, VK; Parashar, Vishal: Response Surface approach for optimization of Sinker EDM process parameters on AISI 4140 alloy steel, 'International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA)', vol. 2, no. 4, July-August 2012.
- Sandeep: Metal Removal Rate Optimization in Electric Discharge Machining Process, 'International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & amp; Engineering', ISSN: 2319-7463, vol. 3, no. 10, October 2014.
- Prashant Yadava; Dixit, Avdesh Chandra; Jitendra Kumar Verma: Optimization of EDM Parameter of High Carbon-High Chromium Steel (AISI D3) by using Brass Electrode, 'International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)', vol. 34, no. 3, April 2016 .
- Shankar, P; Boopathi, R and Prabu, M: Investigating the Effect of Brass Electrode on Inconel 718 on Electrical Discharge Machine, 'IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology', vol. 2, no. 4, April 2015.
- Sandeep Kumar; Ramola, Ishwar Chand; Ranjeet Kumar: Analysis of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate for High Carbon High Chromium Steel on Die Sinking EDM using Taguchi Technique, 'International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (SSRG-IJME) – EFES' April 2015.
- Nayan Patel: Review on Importance of Electrodes in Electrical Discharge Machining Process, International 'Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering'.
- Samruddhi Rao; Pragati Samant; Athira Kadampatta; Reshma Shenoy: An Overview Of Taguchi Method: Evolution, Concept and Interdisciplinary Applications, 'International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research', 2013.
- Bolboaca, Sorana D and Jantschi, Lorentz: Design of Experiments: Useful Orthogonal Arrays for Number of Experiments from 4 to 6, 'Entropy', vol. 9, 2007, 198-232.
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- Arun Kumar; RP Swamy: Evaluation of mechanical properties of Al6061, flyash and E-glass fiber reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites, 2011/5ARPN 'Journal Of Engineering and Applied Sciences', vol. 6, no. 5, 40-44 .
- Ashwani Kharola: Analysis of Various machining parameters of EDM on Hard Steel using copper and Aluminium electrodes (March 2015) have studied the process parameters on EDM using Copper, Aluminium electrodes and EN8 work material 2015/3/1, JEM, vol. 5, 1-14 .
- Laxman, J; Gururaj, K: Modeling and Analysis of EDM process parameters using Taguchi technique and Fuzzy based modeling, 'International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering', ISSN 2250-3234, vol. 4, no. 5, 2014, 473-480.
- Jeevamalar, J; Ramabalan, DS: Experimental Investigations into the Effect of Process Parameters on Performance Measures of Sink EDM Process: A Review Year 2011 To 2015 and Future Work, 'IJERT', ISSN: 2278-0181, IJERTV5IS010213, vol. 5, no. 01, January-2016 .
- Mathalai Sundaram, C; Sivasubramanian, R; Sivakumar, M: An Experimental Investigation on Machining Parameters of Electrical Discharge Machining of OHNS Steel, 'IJERT', vol. 2, no. 12, December 2013.
- Pandey, Ved Prakash; Mall, RN: Analysis of material removal rate of AlSi 304 SS in EDM process, 'IJSRD, vol. 2, no. 07, 2014, ISSN (online): 2321-0613.
- Mehta, Mehul G; Patel, Nikul K: Temperature and thermal stress analysis of EDM, (Jan-2014), vol. 03, no. 01, Published (First Online): 23-01-2014 ISSN: 2278-0181 Publisher Name: IJERT
- Investigation on Effects of Process Parameters on Surface Roughness for Spinning Process using Cylindrical Mandrel
Abstract Views :262 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVSR Engineering College, Nadergul, Hyderabad, IN
2 Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education (APSCHE), Andhra Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVSR Engineering College, Nadergul, Hyderabad, IN
2 Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education (APSCHE), Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 18, No 10 (2019), Pagination: 25-30Abstract
Flow forming is an advanced, near net shape, chip less metal forming process, which employs an increment rotary point deformation technique for manufacturing seamless symmetrical products. Spinning is an advanced continuous and localized metal forming process, which is widely used in many fields due to its advantages of flexibility, high quality and low cost. It is frequently used for manufacturing axisymmetric shapes where press tooling might not be justified on grounds of size and production volumes. It is characteristic of this process that the deformation does not occur in an annular zone around the axis of rotation but that the tools act upon a much localized area in which plastic flow takes place. During spinning tools are moved relative to the rotating work piece. In this paper, a regression model showing the relation among input process parameters, Mandrel speed (rpm), Roller type and Thickness of sheet (mm) and output (response) as surface roughness (μm) is developed using Minitab Software. The experiments were conducted on Aluminium 2024 T-3 sheets with cylindrical mandrel using Taguchi orthogonal arrays (L9). Further Analysis of Variance was carried out to find the contribution of each parameter on the surface roughness.Keywords
Mandrel Speed (rpm), Thickness of Sheet (mm), Surface Roughness (μm).References
- Music, O; Allwood, JM; Kawai, K: A review of the mechanics of metal spinning, 'Journal of Materials Processing Technology', 2010, vol. 210, no. 1, 3–23.
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- Kalpakcioglu, S: A Study of Shear-Spinnability of Metals, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1961, vol. 83, no. 4, 478-483.
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- Essa, K., Hartley, P. (2010). Optimization of conventional spinning process parameters by means of numerical simulation and statistical analysis. Journal of Engineering Manufacture, vol. 224, no. 11, 1691-1705,DOI:10.1243/09544054JEM1786
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- Wang, L; Long, H; Investigation of material deformation in multi-pass conventional metal spinning, 'Materials & Design', 2011, vol. 32, no. 5, 2891-2899.
- Wang, L & Long ,H: A study of effects of roller path profiles on tool forces and part wall thickness variation in conventional metal spinning, 'Journal of materials processing technology', vol. 211, no. 12, 2011, 2140-2151
- Investigation of Al 2024 Metal Spinning on Surface Roughness using Conical Mandrel
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Authors
Affiliations
1 MVSR Engineering College, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 AP State Council for Higher Education, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, IN
1 MVSR Engineering College, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 AP State Council for Higher Education, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, IN