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Manjula, B.
- Drying Characteristics of Byadagi Chilli (capsicum Annuum Linn.) Using Solar Tunnel Dryer
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute (T.N.A.U.) CoimbatoreT.N., IN
2 Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute (T.N.A.U.) CoimbatoreT.N., IN
2 Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur Karnataka, IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 6, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 111–115Abstract
Freshly harvested Byadagi chilli (Capsicum annuum Linn.) fruits were treated with dipsol, potassium nitrate and citric acid and dried in solar tunnel dryer (STD) and open yard sun drying (OYSD). A comparative study was conducted to evaluate two drying methods with respect to temperature and time combinations. It took 39 h to bring down the moisture content of chillies from 339.14% d.b. to 10.00% d.b. in STD as against 57 h under OYSD. The per cent time saved for drying chilli by using improved method of drying (STD) was found to be 31.57% in comparison with open yard sun drying. Drying took place in the falling rate period and the Newton model was found to be the best fit to describe the drying behavior of Byadagi chilli.Keywords
Byadagi Chilli, Drying Model, Moisture Content
- Novel Therapies to Combat HIV: A Review
Abstract Views :326 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 P.G. Department of Pharmacology, Shree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572102, IN
1 P.G. Department of Pharmacology, Shree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572102, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 1, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
No Abstract.References
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- Christina KMR, Miriam N, Scott KG, Paul K. Enfuvirtide antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2008: 433–9.
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- Jeffrey MJ, Robert JI, Israel L, Nancy AO, Linda SV, Melanie B, et al. Treatment of advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease with the viral entry inhibitor PRO 542. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004: 423–9.
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- Michelle M, Jing L, Steven DG, Rainer Z, Danie KR. Performance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 assays for detecting enfuvirtide (T-20) resistance mutations. J of Clinical Microbiology. 2006: 3384–7.
- Hans PS, Sarah S, Bruce JD, Jeffrey MJ. New approaches in the treatment of HIV/AIDS – focus on maraviroc and other CCR5 antagonists. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008: 473–85.
- Cecile LT, Françoise Gl, Christopher K, Yongbiao G, Ting-Chao C, Bahige MB, et al. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus interactions of SCH-C (SCH 351125), a CCR5 antagonist, with other antiretroviral agents in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002: 1336–9.
- Surendiran A. Entry Inhibitor - Maraviroc in HIV treatment. Jipmer. 2008: 3-4.
- Julie MS, Cecile T, Serena X, Lisa W, Nicole W, Waldemar G, et al. Discovery and characterization of vicriviroc (SCH 417690), a CCR5 antagonist with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005: 4911-9.
- Alonso H, Bruce G, Olga L, Nhut L, Douty B, Anthony D, et al. Rapamycin reduces CCR5 density levels on CD4 T cells, and this effect results in potentiation of enfuvirtide (T-20) against R5 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007: 2489–96.
- Christina MRK, Miriam N, Scott GK, Paul K. Enfuvirtide antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2008: 433–9.
- Hartmut S, Charlotte K, Nele P, Antje B, Guido K, Christian H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide in patients treated in typical routine clinical settings. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006: 667–73
- Michelle M, Jing L, Steven DG, Rainer Z, Daniel KR. Performance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 assays for detecting enfuvirtide (T-20) resistance mutations. J of clinical microbiology. 2006: 3384–7.
- Metabolomics - An Exciting New Field Within the "OMICS" Sciences
Abstract Views :204 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacology, B.H. Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacology, PES College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-50, Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacology, B.H. Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacology, PES College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-50, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 6 (2010), Pagination: 363-369Abstract
Metabolomics is a newly emerging Science which can be seen as an advanced, specialized form of Analytical Biochemistry. This technology is centered around the detection of small molecules and, by definition, excludes the organic biopolymers such as proteins and fatty acids. Important small metabolites include amino and other organic acids, sugars, volatile metabolites and most of the diverse secondary metabolites found in plants such as alkaloids, phenolic components and coloured metabolites such as carotenoids and anthocyanins. Key to any metabolomics approach is the aim to gain the broadest overview possible of the biochemical composition of complex biological samples in just one or a small number of analyses. Liquid or gas chromatography (LC or GC) are usually used to separate the individual components in complex organic extracts after which Mass Spectrometry (MS) is employed to detect the metabolites present. Alternatively, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) may be used. Characteristic of this technology is the large scale nature of the analyses performed - involving not only the semi-automated production of a large amount of complex data per analysis but also performing these analyses sequentially on large numbers of samples. Highly complex data matrices are obtained - often of many Gigabytes. Consequently, metabolomics analyses can only be performed when all the necessary computing and bioinformatics tools are in place to allow automated data storage and efficient non-labour intensive data analysis. Metabolomics is usually used either for 'fingerprinting' samples to perform comparative analyses to detect differences of for 'profiling' where individual differential metabolites are identified for further analysis.References
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- Sumner LW, Mendes P, Dixon RA. Large-scale phytochemistry in the functional genomics era. Phytochemistry 2003; 63: 817-36.
- Schauer N, Steinhauser D, Strelkov S et al. "GC-MS libraries for the rapid identification of metabolites in complex biological samples". FEBS Lett 2005; 6: 1332-7.
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- Anti-Obesity Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Experimental Animals
Abstract Views :368 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacocology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572 102, IN
1 Department of Pharmacocology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572 102, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 3, No 6 (2011), Pagination: 318-328Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity is closely associated with life-style-related disorders such as arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds were proved scientifically for the treatment of lifestyle related disorders. Present study was performed to clarify whether an M. oleifera Lam. Seeds ethanol extract (MOE) prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice fed for nine weeks.
Methods: We have performed two in vivo experiments such as high-fat diet-induced obesity mice model and lipid emulsion tolerance test in normal rats. In high-fat diet-induced obesity mice model, female Swiss mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD; 40% fat) with or without 1 or 2 % of MOE or 0.012% orlistat for nine weeks. In lipid emulsion tolerance test male Wistar rats were orally administered, lipid emulsion with or without 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg of MOE and the plasma triglycerides were measured from 0.5 to 5 h.
Results: Consumption of HFD containing MOE to mice for nine weeks exhibited significant reduction in lipid parameters, body weight, parametrial adipose tissue weight, liver TG and different organs weight compared to HFD fed control. Whereas, improvement in insulin resistance induced by HFD alone group. Furthermore, consumption of a HFD containing 1 or 2 % of MOE significantly increased the fecal content and fecal triglyceride compared with the HFD group. Pre-treatment with MOE inhibited the elevated plasma triglyceride level after the oral administration of the lipid emulsion to rats. In other words, administration of MOE improves lipid tolerance in rats.
Conclusion: Observed anti-obesity activity of MOE in experimental animals may be partly mediated through delaying the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity as evident from similar profile of activity as that of orlistat.
Keywords
MOE, High Fat Diet, Insulin Tolerance, Lipid Parameter, Lipid Emulsion, Fecal TG.References
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- Separation of Tamil and Devanagari Script Words in Printed Bilingual Document Images
Abstract Views :213 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Anna University, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, IN
3 Computer Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, IN
1 Department of Computer Science, Anna University, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, IN
3 Computer Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, IN
Source
Automation and Autonomous Systems, Vol 1, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 15-21Abstract
Identification of scripts from bi-script document is one of the important steps in the design of an OCR system for successful analysis and recognition. Most optical character recognition (OCR) systems can recognize at most a few scripts. But for large archives of document images that contain different scripts, there must be some way to automatically categorize these documents before applying the proper OCR on them. Much work has already been reported in this area. In the Indian context, though some results have been reported, the task is still at its infancy. This paper presents a research in the identification of Tamil, Devanagari scripts at word level irrespective of their font faces and sizes. The proposed technique performs document vectorization method which generates vectors from the nine zones segmented over the characters based on their shape, density and transition features. Then script is proposed technique identifies scripts with minimal pre-processing and high accuracy. It can also be extended for other scripts. Since this determined by using Rule based classifiers containing set of classification rules which are raised from the vectors. Results from experiments, simulations, and human vision encounter that the system can act as a plug-in, this can be embedded with OCR prior to the recognition stage.Keywords
Bi-Lingual Document, Script Identification, Rule Based Classification, Optical Character Recognition (OCR).- Synthesis and Anti-Microbial Activity of Some Stilbene Derivatives
Abstract Views :206 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Sree Raghavendra College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, IN
1 Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Sree Raghavendra College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 5, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 22-33Abstract
Review of literature shows that stilbene derivatives are widely distributed in nature and known to posses various activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti- leukemic and anti- HIV etc. The hydroxylated and methoxylated compounds are obtained from the plants. In the course of our research for stilbene derivatives, we try to synthesize some new methoxylated and hydroxylated stilbenes as well as other halogen containing stilbenes by using Wittig reaction and evaluated them for their antimicrobial activity.
We synthesized substituted benzyl (chloro) triphenyl phosphorane by using substituted Benzyl chloride. Then we prepared various stilbenes by reacting substituted Benzyl (chloro) tri phenyl phosphorane with various substituted aldehydes (Scheme -1). Stilbenes were also synthesized by reacting phenyl acetic acid with different aldehydes and later replacement of OH group of carboxylic acid by appropriate substituent's by different methods.Structures of these newly synthesized stilbene derivatives were confirmed by IR, NMR, and MASS spectra. Antimicrobial studies show that synthesized compounds have moderate activity.
Keywords
Phenyl Acetic Acid, Stilbenes, Antimicrobial Activity, Wittig Reaction.- Role of Omega Fatty Acids in Human Body
Abstract Views :159 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572 102, IN
1 Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572 102, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 2, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 93-99Abstract
Omega fatty acids are one of the essential fatty acids which are required for the human growth and development. Essential Fatty Acids are the "good fats" which grabs the bad cholesterol. Polyunsaturated fats are healthier than saturated fats. They have a number of metabolic functions, and therefore maintaining a healthy balance through supplementation of omega fatty acids is worth consideration. This has a very significant role in treating the diseases and research has shown that a deficiency in essential fatty acids that may be a contributing factor in the development of a number of illnesses.Keywords
Omega Fatty Acids, Classification, Source, Uses.- Studies on Physical and Bio-Chemical Analysis of Value Added Products Developed from Tamarind Pulp
Abstract Views :203 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering, Madakasira, Anantapuram (A.P.), IN
2 College of Food Science and Technology (A.N.G.R.A.U.), Chinnarangapuram, Pulivendula, Kadapa (A.P.), IN
1 College of Agricultural Engineering, Madakasira, Anantapuram (A.P.), IN
2 College of Food Science and Technology (A.N.G.R.A.U.), Chinnarangapuram, Pulivendula, Kadapa (A.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Processing and Post harvest Technology, Vol 8, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 99-103Abstract
Tamarind is an evergreen crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is also called as “Indian Date” from the date like appearance of dried pulp. The fruit is good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins and also contains small amounts of vitamin A and C. Processing increases shelf-life of fruit and apart from increasing value. It also increases income to growers and processors. An attempt was made to use tamarind pulp for preparation of value added products from tamarind pulp like tamarind jam in the ratio of 1:2 (pulp: sugar), tamarind sauce in the ratio of 1:0.8:0.4 (Pulp: Sugar: Water) and tamarind squash in the ratio of 1: 0.06: 3.3: 1.6 (Pulp: Mint juice: Sugar: Water). In the present study, ripe tamarind fruit was analysed for various physical properties of tamarind fruit like length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface index and surface index and surface area were found to be 62.51 mm, 16.54 mm, 10.15 mm, 21.93 mm, 0.35 and 1510.11 mm2, respectively.Value added products were analysed for bio-chemical characteristics like titratable acidity, pH, reducing sugar, fat, moisture, total soluble solids, carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content, etc Changes in the bio-chemical constituents of the value added products were studied. Tamarind possesses great potentials for making jam, sauce, squash and other products and is safe for human consumption. Further development of these value added products from tamarind pulp to an industrial status was recommended.Keywords
Tamarind, Value Added Products, Physical Characteristics, Bio-Chemical Characteristics, Moisture Content, Ash Content.References
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- Study on the Selected Engineering Properties and Sensory Evaluation of Tikur Blended Chhana podo during Infrared Radiation Assissted Baking
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Authors
Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering (ANGRAU), Madakasira, Anantapur (A. P.), IN
1 College of Agricultural Engineering (ANGRAU), Madakasira, Anantapur (A. P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Processing and Post harvest Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 1-9Abstract
Chhana podo is a popular dairy product of the Indian sub-continent, prepared from cow milk standardized to 4 per cent fat and 8.5 per cent SNF. This energy rich product is commonly prepared by baking of Chhana, sugar, tikur, baking powder in ratio of 20:6:1:0.3 at temperature of 120°C-130°C with IR of 180-200 Volts. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. (Tikur) is a low fat sweetner which reduces the risk of cardio-vascular diseases and diabetes. Addition of tikur to Chhana podo gives a brown crust with white or light brown inner body, moist crumb, moderately spongy cake like texture with a typical cooked flavour and rich taste. Baking time and temperature are two important process considerations influencing the heat and mass transfer, moisture content and product quality during baking. In this study the effect of IR on selected physico and textural characteristics of Chhana podo were studied at different combinations. The selected conditions for baking of Chhana podo 130°C and 200 V for 120 min with IR on at 60 min. and the parameters viz., crumb and crust moisture contents and specific volume were determined as 22.74 per cent, 14.94 per cent and 1.23 cm³/g, respectively. Textural attributes such as hardness, chewiness and gumminess increased with baking time and IR temperature while springiness, cohesiveness and resilience increased upto 80 min due to the filling-up of pores water and liquid by fat and expanding water, but decreased thereafter.Keywords
Chhana Podo, Baking Temperature, Moisture, Tikur, Effect of IR, Quality Attribute.References
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- Review on Drying of Agricultural Produce Using Solar Assisted Heat Pump Drying
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering (A.N.G.R.A.U.), Madakasira, Anantapuram (A.P.), IN
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering (A.N.G.R.A.U.), Madakasira, Anantapuram (A.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 11, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 409-420Abstract
Sun drying is an oldest and traditional method used to dry and preserve agricultural products in tropical and sub-tropical countries. But the process is disadvantageous like labour intensive, time consuming and requires a large area for spreading the produce out to dry, loss of produce due to birds and animals, deterioration in harvested crops due to decomposition, insect attacks and fungi, etc. Also the required quality standards are not fulfilled in open sun drying. Solar drying technology offers an alternative which can process the vegetables and fruits in clean, hygienic and sanitary conditions to national and international standards with zero energy costs. It saves energy, time, occupies less area and improves product quality. The solar-assisted dryers are conventional dryers to which supplementary equipment is added to enable a significant proportion of the thermal energy required for drying to be replaced by solar energy. Heat pump dryers have been known to be energy efficient when used in conjunction with drying operations. The heat pump recirculation mode and solar mode can be used for drying the agricultural produce and allows the drying process to be continues in different weather conditions. In these dryers, a planned and generally optimized drying process can be achieved to obtain superior product quality and good economic performance.Keywords
Sun Drying, Time Consuming, Product Quality, Solar Assisted Dryers, Heat Pump, Energy Efficient.References
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