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J. Lakshmi Prasanna ¹, B. Deepthi ¹, N. Rama Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lam, Guntur- 522034, IN

Abstract

Most long term treatments follow the oral administration due to its ease and convenience of administration. After oral administration of any drug, the plasma concentration time curve is a function of many simultaneously operating kinetic processes. The steady state plasma concentration is achieved when the amount of drug absorbed equals the amount of drug eliminated. Both amount and rate of drug absorbed may be altered by diseases which in turn alter other kinetic processes. The amount of drug absorbed is simultaneously affected by physicochemical factors of drug and physiological factors that operate in gut which are also altered by the disease state. The present review focuses on the way in which the absorption of drugs is altered in various conditions of gastro intestinal tract.

Keywords

Gastric Emptying Rate, Malabsorption, Peak Plasma Concentration, Metaclopramide

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J. Lakshmi Prasanna ¹, B. Deepthi ¹, N. Rama Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lam, Guntur- 522034, IN

Abstract

Rectal drug delivery is an efficient alternate to oral and parenteral route of administration in partial avoidance of first pass metabolism and protein peptide drug delivery. This route allows both local and systemic therapy of drugs. Controlled absorption enhancement of drugs can be achieved by the rectal route because of the constant conditions in the rectal environment. In the present review various absorption enhancers with their mechanism of action in improving drug absorption through rectal epithelium and the potential of rectal route in delivering protein and peptides, analgesics and antiepileptics are discussed. This review also presents affects of various absorption promoting adjuvant on the rectal absorption of drugs.

Keywords

Rectal Absorption, Enamine Derivatives, Salicylates, Fatty Acids, Cyclodextrins, Protease Inhibitors.

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J. Lakshmi Prasanna ¹, B. Deepthi ¹, N. Rama Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lam, Guntur-522034, IN

Abstract

The aim of the research work was to systematically device a model of factors that would yeild an optimized sustained release dosage form of diclofenac sodium with tamarind seed kernel powder (TSP) using response surface methodology by empoying a 3² full factorial design. Independent variables studied were concentration of the matrixing agent (X₁) and type of diluents (lactose, starch and MCC) (X₂). The independent variables were percentage drug release at 3h (Q₃), 6h (Q₆) and zero order rate constant (K₀). Matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, tensile strength, drug content and in vitro drug release. Polynomial equations and response surface plots were generated for all dependent variables. It was observed that all the factors had significant contribution on all dependent variables. Study indicated that increase in amount of the gum in the tablets resulted in a reduction in the release rate. The experimental design facilitated the formulation and optimization of sustained release TSP matrix systems of diclofenac sodium.

Keywords

Tamarind Seed Kernel Powder, Diluents, Response Surface Methodology, Sustained Release, Zero Order Kinetics.

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