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Manjunath, B. L.
- Nutrients Removed from the Soil Decide the Nutritional Security of a Nation:The Case of Iron and Zinc in India
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Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Ivar Kandapura, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Ivar Kandapura, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 06 (2017), Pagination: 1167-1173Abstract
National iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) balance were computed using theoretical mean daily per capita dietary Fe and Zn requirement and composition of Fe and Znin foods in agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and fisheries sectors. The analyses imply a satisfactory situation that the intake of Fe and Zn through food sources by the Indian population is adequate. Despite sufficient availability of Fe and Zn through food, there is widespread Zn and Fe deficiency in our population.Ours is a vegetarian-dominant society. The phytate content of our foods is relatively high as the phytate content of vegetarian diets is high. This may be the main cause of the low absorption of Zn and Fe from the foods we eat. A sector-wise contribution indicated a major share of the agriculture sector, followed by the animal husbandry sector. Surprisingly, horticulture sector contributed a small portion (9.1% Zn and 12.9% Fe). The fisheries sector contributed the least.Given the multiple sources of uncertainty in following this method, caution must be exercised in interpreting the estimated figures for prevalence. Since our food sources are supplying enough Fe and Zn, our research efforts should therefore be diverted towards bioavailability rather than bio-fortification.Keywords
Bioavailability, Food Sources, Iron, Micronutrient Deficiency, Vegetarian Diet, Zinc.Full Text
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- Standardization of Spacing and Soil Volume Wetting for Drip Irrigation in Papaya (Carica papaya L.)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru - 560 089, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru - 560 089, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 15, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 35-44Abstract
Field experiments in two crops of papaya were conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research for four years during 2016-19 to standardise spacing with optimum soil volume wetting for drip irrigation. Narrowing the plant rows drastically reduced the plant height while leaf production affected significantly due to reduction in intra row spacing. The height at first fruiting was significantly lower with a spacing of 1.8 m x 1.5 m (56.4 cm) significantly differing from both 1.5 m x 1.5 m (60.9 cm) or 1.8 m x 1.8 m (66.8 cm). Significantly higher mean fruit yield (42.2 t/ha) was recorded with the spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5m as compared to either 1.8m x 1.5m (23.4 t/ha) or 1.8m x 1.8m (22.1 t/ha). Significantly higher water use efficiency (71.3 kg/ha.mm) was recorded in papaya by following closer spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5 m. Among the interactions, higher papaya yield (48.0 t/ha) was recorded with normal drip irrigation (80% soil volume wetting) under closer spacing (1.5 m. x 1.5 m). Further, higher water use efficiency (129 kg/ha. mm) could be obtained by scheduling the irrigation at 30% soil volume wetting especially by planting at 1.5 m. x 1.5 m. spacing suggesting its suitability for water scarcity areas.Keywords
Papaya Yield, Scheduling Irrigation, Soil Volume Wetting, Spacing, Water Use Efficiency.Full Text
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