A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Bhat, Arshad
- D-S Gaps, Utilization Pattern and Impact of Institutional Credit to Agriculture in Jammu & Kashmir
Authors
1 Division of Agri. Economics and Marketing, Rajiv Gandhi Chair SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190 025, IN
2 Rajiv Gandhi Chair SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190 025, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 3, No 9 (2015), Pagination: 1-9Abstract
Background/Objectives: Resource poor conditions, marginalization of holdings and gradual commercialization of farming needs assessment of D-S scenario, utilization and impact of institutional credit on farm returns under agro-climatic diversities of Jammu and Kashmir.
Methods/Statistical analysis: A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 400 (200 borrowers+200 non-borrowers) respondents, representing each agro-climatic zone to collect primary data to estimate the short term credit requirements and capture the impact of agricultural credit on overall gross farm returns by employing regression analysis technique. Secondary data was also used to supplement the findings.
Results: Various institutional agencies involved in advancing agricultural credit have differential role across agro-climatic zones. Financial institutions advanced only 7.61 per cent of total credit requirement in the state which varied across zones. The productive credit utilization ranged between 65 per cent in IMZ and 98 per cent in SBTZ. The unproductive credit use was higher in IMZ (34.7%) followed by TMZ (24.2%) and CAZ (5.9%). The regression estimates for credit were positive and highly significant in all the agro-climatic zones except in IMZ where it was non-significant due to its higher miss-utilization. However, credit indirectly increased returns through capital formation and adoption of technology in all the zones. Educated farmers understood the possible benefits of scientific application in farming business, however, lacked wisdom for its productive utilization. Irrigation influenced returns positively, however, non-adoption of scientific recommendations was demonstrated by the negative coefficient of expenditure on variable costs across the zones.
Conclusion: Study highlighted huge D-S gaps in institutional credit to agriculture across different zone. Regression estimates revealed that extension of credit encouraged capital formation, adoption of technologies and increased farm returns.
Keywords
Agricultural Credit, Institutions, D-S Gaps, Farm Returns, Agro-Climatic Zones.- Economics of Migration and its Aftermath in Jammu & Kashmir
Authors
1 Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar-190025, IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Anantnag-192101, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 6, No 12 (2018), Pagination: 1-9Abstract
Objectives: To bring out the factor, issues and challenges responsible for migration of people to the state of Jammu & Kashmir and the consequences and aftermath of the migration of people from all over the country to both urban and rural centers.
Methodology/Statistical Analysis: The study has taken National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data for deriving the logical results/findings. For data analysis simple statistical tools like compound growth rates, averages, percentages and prediction analysis has been carried out for deriving meaningful results.
Findings: From the analysis of the data, it has been found that people migrate for searching improved livelihood and decent standard of living. Many regions in the country are underdeveloped/poor and that is the reason they couldn't fulfill the requirements of people and support the population demand, these people therefore, to have access to new things and opportunities migrate to different places. The study further points out that the process of migration is important to understand movement of public to different regions due to change in various socio-economic, socio-cultural and other dimensions of social domain. The study is of the opinion that agriculture the dominant activity and source of earning for both migrant and non-migrant families, expenditure of migrant households on consumption in all respects was more than their production expenditure furthermore, migration of people, their income, expenditure and net savings are positively correlated.
Application/Improvement: The study will be of enormous help for the policy planners to curb the process of migration up to a great extent. The study has laid down policy suggestions which will be of great applicability in the current situation for prohibiting the migration of people to urban centers or even to rural areas.
Keywords
In-Migration, Communication, Employment, Labour Shortage, Rural-Urban Divide.References
- M.K. Premi. In Charles B. Nam, William J. Serow, David F. Sly (eds.). A study of migration pattern in Kumaun hills and associated socio-economic factors. International Handbook on Internal Migration. New York: Greenwood Press. 1990.
- R. Lusome, R.B. Bhagat. Trends and patterns of internal migration in India, 1971-2001. Paper Presented the Annual Conference of Indian Association for the Study of Population (IASP). Thiruvananthapuram. 2006; 1-16.
- Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India. Date accessed: 03/08/2018.
- V. P. Thorat, J.S. Dhekale, H.K. Patil, S.N. Tilekar. Determinants of rural- urban migration in Konkan region of Maharashtra. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 2011; 24, 503-509.
- B. Kaur, J.M. Singh, B.R. Garg, J. Singh, S. Singh. Causes and impact of labour migration: A case study of Punjab agriculture. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 2011; 24, 459-466.
- D. Mosse. A relational approach to durable poverty, inequality and power. The Journal of Development Studies. 2010; 46(7), 1156-1178
- Y. Haberfeld, R.K. Menaria, B.B. Sahoo, R.N. Vyas. Seasonal migration of rural labor in India.Population Research and Policy Review. 1999; 18(5), 471-487.
- B. Rogaly, J. Biswas, D. Coppard, A. Rafique. Seasonal migration, social change and migrants' rights: lessons from West-Bengal. Economic and Political Weekly. 2001; 36(49), 4547-4559.
- D. Mosse. A Relational approach to durable poverty inequality and power. The Journal of Development Studies. 2010; 46(7), 1156-1178.
- Assessing Discrepancies in Healthcare and Health Sector in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors
1 Rajiv Gandhi Chair, SKUAST-K, Shalimar Srinagar - 190025, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 7, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 1-8Abstract
Background/Objectives: Jammu and Kashmir is one of the northern hill states of India rich in climatic resources and knowledgeable population dividend. The people of the state particularly in rural areas face hardships in terms of healthcare, especially during harsh winter months. The state/central administration has carried out tremendous efforts for creation of better health related services in the region. Thus, the broader objective of the study is to assess and estimate the healthcare infrastructure and healthcare services available in the state. The study also assesses the regional variations in the healthcare facilities in the state. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In order to carry out the present study, the data was obtained from the secondary sources such as Health and family welfare department and department of Economics and Statistics, Government of J&K. The averages, percentages and comparative analysis of data have been made to draw logical inferences. Findings/Results: The results of the study reveal that huge amount of funds are required to establish adequate and requisite healthcare infrastructure in both rural and urban areas. The study further reveals that the state lacks qualified doctors/nurses/para-medical staff and other basic amenities resulting inaccessibility of the healthcare to only 40-50 percent of the population in the state. Application/Improvements: The study is of great applicability for the betterment of the society in general and the quality of life index of the people of the state in particular. This study can be an eye opener for the policy makers and planners, so that necessary step shall be taken to improve the healthcare and health status of the state especially in the rural areas where hardly any medical amenity is available to them.Keywords
Disparity, backwardness, healthcare infrastructure, para-medical staff, fund raising, quality of life.References
- S.S. Bumb. Understanding healthcare delivery system in India. International Journal of Scientific Study. 2014; 1(4), 1-66.
- S.A. Lone, M.A. Wani, B.A. Lone, I.A. Mayer. Spatial pattern of health and healthcare facilities in district anantnag of south Kashmir (J&K, India) - a geo medical analysis. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. 2017; 7(8), 358-363
- I. Joumard, A. Kumar. Improving health outcomes and healthcare in India. OECD Publishing. 2015; 1-31.
- India’s Healthcare System- Overview and Quality Improvements.http://www.tillvaxtanalys.se/in-english/publications/direct-response/direct-response/2013-05-20-indias-healthcare-system-----overview-and-quality-improvements.html. Date accessed: 20/05/2013.
- H. Durrani. Healthcare and healthcare systems: inspiring progress and future prospects. M Health. 2001; 2(3).
- Digest of Statistics. http://ecostatjk.nic.in/digeststat/pdf%20digest%20of%20stat%2015-16.pdf. Date accessed: 15-09/2017.
- Agricultural Sustainability and Interdependence of Production Systems in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors
1 KVK Anantnag, SKUAST-K, Shalimar Srinagar, IN
2 Rajiv Gandhi Chair, SKUAST-K, Shalimar Srinagar, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 7, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 1-9Abstract
Objectives: The study was conducted in four agro-ecosystems of the Kashmir Valley. The main objective of the study was to analyse the interdependence of the different agro-ecosystems of the valley.
Methods/Statistical Analysis: The ecosystem comprises of biotic and a biotic components. The study analyses many components of the four agro-ecological zones of the valley like human beings, pests, rodents etc. to quantify interdependence among the various components of agro-ecosystems, the static input-output model was used.
Findings/Results: All the components were highly interdependent and interlinked with each other. The four agro-ecosystems viz. field crop based agro-ecosystem were found to be totally interlinked with fruit crop based agro-ecosystem and livestock based ecosystem and intern the cash crop base agro-ecosystem was found interlinked with other three agro-ecosystems in the sampled area. Similarly, the cash crop and fruit crop agro-ecosystems were found more remunerative than other two agro-ecosystems, meaning there by that the value of these goods and services is very high and can provide livelihood to a huge chunk of people in almost all the four agro-ecosystems.
Application/Improvements: The study having great applicability for the betterment of poor farmers. This study can be an eye opener for the policy makers and planners, so that necessary step shall be taken to improve the living standard of the poor farmers.
Keywords
Interdependence, Linkages, Agro-Ecology, Betterment, Ecosystem.References
- N. Bocksta, R. Costanza, I. Strand, W. Boynton, K. Bell, L. Wainger. Ecological economic modelling and valuation of ecosystems. Ecological Economics Amsterdam. 1995; 14(2), 143-159.
- R. Hart, R.E. McDowell. Crop/livestock interactions as determinants of crop and livestock production. Cornell International Agriculture Mimeo 107. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. 1985.
- S. Kumar, D.K. Jain. Interactions and changes in farming systems in semi-arid parts of India: Some issues in sustainability. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 2002; 15(2), 217-230.
- M.S. Pathania, K.D. Sharma, L. Harbans. System synergy of farming system and common property resources in mountain regions. A case study of Himachal Pradesh. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 2008; 21(1), 99-108.
- S.L. Arya, J.C. Kalla. A study in estimation of linkages for crop-cattle production activities in Haryana. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 1992; 47(4), 653-659.
- Macro-Level Transition and Agricultural Sustainability in Kashmir
Authors
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, (SKUAST-K) Anantnag (J&K), IN
2 Rajiv Gandhi Chair, Shere- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (J&K), IN
Source
Agriculture Update, Vol 14, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 174-182Abstract
Farming a key factor for the economic prosperity of any nation in the developing world. Over the years, farmers are welcoming any new technological systems to get crop yield. Farming sector is getting new challenges from biotic and abiotic factors. Advanced techniques and systems are getting popularity because of their important benefits for the poor farming community. The aim of present paper is to highlights the benefits of transition in the agriculture ecosystems in Kashmir Valley. This paper provides a retrospective account of the macro-level transitions in the agricultural sector and sub-sectors in Kashmir Valley. The paper examine distinct research traditions that continue to document farm transformation, macro-level transformation etc. The paper portrays the transformation of agricultural sub-sectors to the high value cash crops. The results reveal that a strong shift has been observed in the valley from the past one or two decades.Keywords
Agriculture, Sustainability, Economic Prosperity, Agro-Ecosystems, Living Standard.References
- Allen, P. L. and Sachs, C.E. (1991). The social side of sustainability class, gender and ethnicity. Sci. Culture, 2 (13): 569 - 591.
- Altieri, M. A. (1995). Agroecology: The science of sustainable agriculture. Westview Press, Inc., UK.
- Bazaz, H.N. and Haq-Imtiyaz-ul-Haq (2013). Crop diversification in Jammu and Kashmir: Pace, pattern and determinants, IOSR J.Humanit. & Soc. Sci., 11: 5.
- Francis, C., Lieblen, G., Gliessman, S., Breland, T. A., Creamer, N., Harwood, R., Salomonsson, L., Helenius, J., Rickerl, D., Salvador, R., Wiedenhoeft, M. and Simmons, S. (2003). Agroecology: The ecology of food system 1. J. Sustain. Agric., 22(3): 99-119.
- Gliessman, S.R. (1998). Agroecology and sustainability. INTECOL Symposium 8.2, Florence, Italy.
- Howarth, B. R. and Farber, S. (2002). Accounting for the values of ecosystem services. Ecological Economics, 41: 421-429.
- McCool, D.K., Huggins, D.R., Saxton, K.E. and Kennedy, A.C. (2001). Factors affecting agricultural sustainability in the pacific Northwest, USA: An overview. Paper presented at sustaining the Global Farm: Int. Soil Conserv. Organ. Mtg., 10th, West Lafayette, IN. 24–29.May (1991).
- Pagliai, M.,Vignozzi, N. and Pellegrini, S. (2004). Soil structure and the effect of management practices. Soil & Tillage Research, 79: 131-143.
- Tesfaye, A. (2005). Diversity in homegarden agroforestry systems of Southern Ethiopia. Tropical Resources Management papers, No. 59. Wageningen University and Research Centre, Department of Environmental Science, the Netherlands.
- Vance, E. D. (2000). Agricultural site productivity: principles derived from long-term experiments and their implications for intensively managed forests. Forest Ecology & Mgmt.,138: 369-396.
- Weinberger, K. and Thomas, A. L. (2007). Diversification into horticulture and poverty reduction: A Research Agenda.World Development, 35 (8): 1464-1480.
- Micro-Transition and the Agricultural Systems in Kashmir Valley
Authors
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, (SKUAST-K) Anantnag (J&K), IN
2 Rajiv Gandhi Chair, Shere- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (J&K), IN
Source
Agriculture Update, Vol 14, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 195-202Abstract
The Indian economy is having a transitional behaviour. The early transition in the economy took place from feudalism. India had evinced a structural transformation in the overall setup of the economy though has evinced the state of Jammu and Kashmir. But the state has missed the intermediate stage of structural transformation i.e. there is no development of industrial base in the state especially in the Kashmir Valley. The share of agriculture GDP in the state has steadily declined over the last few decades with the result large section of rural workers confined to low productive work and low income.The state has witnessed a drastic sub-sectoral transition from agriculture to horticulture. The present study is a gentle attempt to study different transitions faced by the state of Jammu and Kashmir in General and Kashmir region in particular during the last two-three decades.Keywords
Transformation, Output, Shift, Occupational Behaviour, Agroecosystems.References
- Altieri, M. A. (1995). Agroecology: The science of sustainable agriculture. Westview Press, Inc., UK.
- Bazaz, H.N. and Haq-Imtiyaz-ul-Haq, U.L. (2013). Crop diversification in Jammu and Kashmir: Pace, pattern and determinants, IOSR J. Human. & Soc. Sci., 11: 5.
- Buck, L.E., Gavin, Th. A., Lee, D. R. and Uphoff, N.T. (2004). Eco-agriculture: A review and assessment of its scientific foundations. University of Georgia SANREM CRSP, Athens, GA, USA.
- Hamilton, A. C., Pei, S., Kessy, J., Ashiq, A. K., Lagos-Witte, S. and Shinwari, Z.K. (2003). The purposes and teaching of applied ethnobotany. People and Plant Working Paper 11. WWF, Godalming, UK.
- Howarth, B.R. and Farber, S. (2002). Accounting for the values of ecosystem services. Ecological Economics, 41: 421-429.
- Kiresur, V. R.,Gaddi, G. M., Gummagolmath, K. C., Wader, P. R. and Kulkarni, V. S. (2004). Optimum pan for sustainable farming systems in northern eastern dry zone in Karnataka. Bihar J. Agric. Mktg.,12 (1): 16-27.
- McCool, D. K., Huggis, D. R., Saxton, K. E. and Kennedy, A. C. (2001). Factors affecting agricultural sustainability in the Pacific Northwest, USA. In: Sustaining the global farm (Eds. D. E. Stott, R. H. Mohtar and G. C. Steinhardt). Papers from the 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting held May 24-29, 1999 at Purdue University and the USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research laboratory pp. 255-260.
- Ramrao, W. Y., Tiwari, S. P. and Singh, P. (2005). Crop-livestock integrated farming system for augmenting socio-economic status of smallholder tribal farmers of Chhattisgarh in Central India. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 17: 8.
- Rangaswamy, A.,Venkatswamy, R., Premshekhar, M., Jayanthi, C. and Palaniappan, S. P. (1992). Integrated farming systems for rice based ecosystem. Madras J. Agric., 82 (4) : 290-293.
- Tesfaye, T. (2005). Organic inputs from agroforestry trees on farms for improving soil quality and crop productivity in Ethiopia. Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Department of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea.
- Wadear, P. R. (2003). Animal based farming systems for long term sustainability in northern Karnataka. A socio-economic assessment. Ph. D Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka (India).
- Weinberger, K. and Thomas, L.A. (2007). Diversification into horticulture and poverty reduction: A Research Agenda.World Devel., 35(8): 1464-1480.
- Xu, W. and Mage, A. (2001). A review of concepts and criteria for assessing agroecosystem health including a preliminary case study of southern Ontario. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Environ., 83 : 215-233.