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Jesoth Lalu Naik ¹, Anwar Basha Dudekula ¹, K. S. N. Reddy ¹, K. K. Reddy ¹, A. Papa Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

The incidence of diabetes is continuously increasing worldwide. Pre-diabetes represents an intermediate state, which often to overt diabetes within a few years. The aim of the study is to assess the pre-diabetes in the adults of Tirupati urban, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 9 months. A total 245 subjects were taken for the study between the age group of20-40 years. Fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test was done and samples were estimated for different risk factors. The data was collected and analyzed in percentage. 38(15.4%) subjects were in pre-diabetes stage (Impaired fasting blood glucose 30 (12.2%), Impaired glucose tolerance 8(3.26%) and with both features 6(2.4%). Apart from the familial history, elevated triglycerides levels, BMI and decreased levels of HDL was found to be leading risk factors prevailing in the subjects studied (N=245). 15.4% of the subjects were found to be prediabetic. All the pre-diabetics are identified as male subjects. It was found that in more than 50% of the subjects apart from family history hypertriglyceridemia, BMI and low levels of HDL cholesterol were elevated.

Keywords

Pre-Diabetes, Oral Glucose Test, Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose, Triglycerides.

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Anwar Basha Dudekula ¹, Jesoth Lalu Naik ¹, K. S. N. Reddy ¹, A. Papa Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

Reliable information on the prevalence of hypertension is crucial in the development of health policies for the prevention, early diagnosis, and control of this condition. This study describes the prevalence of hypertension among the Tirupati adult population of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India, and identifies correlates associated with it. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Tirupati Municipal Corporation. The study included 271 adults who reside in this area and who were 20 years old or older. The subjects were evaluated through one-hour interviews at their homes. After each subject was interviewed, three consecutive blood pressure measurements were conducted. The data were analyzed by proportions, F-ratios, chi-square tests, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Sixty-five of the 271 subjects (24%) were found to have hypertension. Among the 65 subjects with hypertension, 54 (83.1%) were aware of their hypertension and were undergoing treatment for the condition. However, among the 54 subjects being treated, only 31 subjects (57.4%) had satisfactory control of their hypertension. Ahigher prevalence of hypertension was found among subjects who had a BMI greater than 25, were 40 years old or older, had a family history of hypertension, had a history of previous cerebrovascular or cardiovascular events, had diabetes, smoked, drank alcoholic beverages, and consumed excess salt. A comparatively higher prevalence was found among males, subjects whose diets were non-vegetarian, people with high saturated fat intake, and subjects who did not engage in physical exercise. Despite treatment, most of the hypertensives had not achieved satisfactory control of blood pressure. Health education programs are needed to teach the public how to control the various risk factors associated with hypertension.

Keywords

Hypertension, Risk Factors, Blood Pressure.

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Anwar Basha Dudekula ¹, Jesoth Lalu Naik ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

Childhood obesity is an emerging problem in urban Indian children and increases in childhood overweight and obesity may be major contributors to the adult obesity epidemic. Thus, identifying potential risk factors for childhood obesity and formulating early interventions is crucial in the management of the obesity epidemic. The present study was aimed at evaluating dietary and physical activity patterns as determinants of overweight in a sample of children. Five hundred and ninety eight children aged 616 years (Boys and Girls), visiting Apollo Clinic and Ria Diagnosis & Clinical Lab at Tirupati, Chittoor District for minor complaints or routine checkups was recruited into the study. These children were studied for their physical activity patterns; sleep duration, sedentary habits and eating behaviours as potential determinants of overweight. Decreased duration of sleep and increased television viewing were significantly associated with overweight. Among the eating behaviours, increased consumption of fried foods was significantly associated with overweight. Children who slept less than 8.5 hours/day had significantly higher odds (6.7, p=0.013) and children who viewed television for greater than or equal to 1.5 hours/day was 19.6 (p=0.001) of being overweight. Among eating behaviours, the consumption of fried food items, more than 6 times/week, was associated with significantly higher odds of being overweight (3.1, p=0.014). Our data suggests that duration of sleep, television viewing and consumption of fried foods may be significant factors that contribute to overweight. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Keywords

Children, Obesity, Determinants, Prevalence.

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