Informatics Publishing Limited

Shahid Iqbal Sargana ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

Children are considered to vital concern in the process of development. Therefore, investment in children's health is the key element in improving the economic, political and social condition in Pakistan, particularly for Province Punjab in the Context of sustainable development. The present study aims at understanding the different factors which affect malnutrition on school going children's in rural Pakistan.A sample size of 85 Secondary school going children was drawn with the help of multistage random sampling technique by collecting sampling frame from the concerned rural union council secondary schools. Cross tabulations were drawn with the help of SPSS V.16 to show the relationship between different variables. Significancehas been found after the statistical test between family incomes, level of family education with the eating habits of children.

Full Text

     

Mahreen Iftikhar ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Hafeez-ur-Rehman Chaudhry ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

The research was conducted in Wah Cantt, District Rawalpindi Pakistan. Qualitative research techniques were employed to acquire first hand field data. The main intend of the study was to emphasise on the post retirement problems among retirees. An effort was done just to accumulate information about psychological, physiological and physical problems of retirees. The paper focuses on various consequences of these problems including anxiety, hypertension, insomnia, cellular breakdown, blood pressure, loosened physical energy etc. Somehow all such were effecting the peoples' functioning and coordination with society members as their minds remained pre-occupied with stress due to their illness and weak physical health. These people were mostly cared by their family members. Unmarried people are normally takencare by themselves, neighbours or relatives as they do not have families. Thus, researcher concluded, despite of it that retirees were facing certain psychological, physiological and physical problems still they were happy and leading contented life and prayed to Allah for their good health, better future of their children or grand children. Hence, in our culture and religion much respect and care with elders is prescribed.

Keywords

No Keywords

Full Text

     

Shahid Iqbal ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ², Ra'ana Afzal ³, Qasim Ali ⁴, Syeda Taskeen Muryam Naqvi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, PK
2 Department of Anthropology Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, PK
3 Dar.ul.aman Hafizabad, PK
4 Department of Sociology University of Gujrat, PK

Abstract

Female education plays an important role in the societal progress and improvement. The literacy rate among rural females is 29% in Pakistan. In the developing countries like Pakistan, the traditional attitude towards women education is painstaking a keyobstacle in girls' schooling. In this study an effort had been made to explore the effect of traditional attitude on the educational attainment of rural females in Pakistan. The present study was conducted in the rural areas of the district Hafizabad. A sample of size 700 female children was selected using multistage random sampling technique. The fmal completed school grade was considered as the response variable. The analysis reveals that the girls, who belonged to households where the minds of the heads of the households were entrenched in the local cultural values, had lower levels of educational attainment as compared to the girls of households where the heads of the households were liberal. The study realizes the need to encourage the male heads of the households for schooling of their daughters as a short-run policy. Efforts to neutralize an innovative attitude towards females in the third world nations are the need of the hour. International organizations and States of the developing world should manage to promulgate the importance of female education.

Keywords

Traditional Attitude, Female Educational Attainment, Rural Hafizabd

Full Text

     

Waheed Chaudhry ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Muhammad Sulaman Ijaz ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

This anthropological research is an attempt to investigate how Sardar (feudal) and Sardari Nizam(feudal system) is creating impediments in access to education for the local people of their area. This research paper explains how ghost schools, evzi system, cheating in examinations, nepotism and corruption are being practiced under the supervision of local Vadayrasand Sardars.Vadayras create such sort of hurdles to get their benefits and to suppress the layman. A glimpse of the hierarchy of the Sardari System of Marri tribe in district Kohlu of Balochistan is also presented here. The research was conducted in the city area of district Kohlu. Different anthropological, qualitative data collection methods were used to collect empirical data. The technique of triangulation was used to verity the data. The study highlighted the major impediment of getting education created by Sardars and Vadayras in detail. Finally, there are some suggestions to overcome all these impediments.

Keywords

Nawab, Sardar, Vadayras, Meer, Tribal System, Political Control, Judicial Administration, Revenue, Education.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Iqra Rehman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

This research entitled “Psychological and Physical Factors of Aging in Pakistan” was conducted in Bahria town, Rawalpindi Pakistan. The qualitative anthropological techniques were used for data collection. The main purpose of this research was to highlight and discuss the issues and problems of senior citizens in the context of psychological factors. This attempt has been made to explore the senior citizen anticipation from the government about their welfare. There is a major effect of modernization on the life of older people. This research has focused many important issues which have created the life of senior citizens difficult. The issues relate to the psychological factors. Issues like anxiety, loneliness and depression, etc.. Along with psychological issues, physical issues are attached and when the psychological issues increase the physical issues also increase.This research concludes that although there are many issues which are making the life of senior citizens problematic yet they are still living a satisfied life because they are not depending on children or on others. Senior citizens demand time from their children and grandchildren. The psychological problems have increased in old age somehow because of modernization.

Keywords

Aging, Psychological Issues, Insomnia, Depression, Loneliness, Less Appetite.

Full Text

     

Juhi Naveed ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Mamonah Ambreen ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK
2 DNFCE, Allama Iqbal Open Univetsity, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

The relationship between the philosophy of Pakistan and religious beliefs Islam has been the only reason behind the development of the country. Islamic lessons and concepts provide the code of life for Muslims. The development of a viable and flourish community requires that Islamic knowledge is delivered to the public, particularly females who are the contractors of the community. Females have been definitely playing getting Islamic knowledge due to the recent Islamic knowledge motions specially targeted to attract women of towns that belong to educated, wealthy families. Institutions like Al Huda International, Minhajul Quran, and Mawrid are pulling in individuals from well versed classes incorporating specialists, designs, educators, and individuals from all kinds of different backgrounds. Huda International is one of the religious establishments, which have amalgamated old and new types of information, and have pulled in ladies from center and privileged societies of the urban populace. The goal of Huda, guided by the organizer and holder, Farhat Hashmi, is to teach ladies having a place with distinctive callings and teaching them about Islamic teachings and rehearses for the purpose that our social order may flourish and thrive.

Keywords

Madrasa, Mosque, Female, Islam, Education, Knowledge, Hadith.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Mahvish Farooq ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Qayid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

The paper deals with the symbolic representation of red color among natives of Rawalakot. A district in state of Azad Kashmir. The mam objectives of this study were to investigate the significance of culture in the ways people establish the meaning of red color, what role the self and socio-cultural influence play in an individual's interpretation and establishment of meaning of red color, and to know about physical and mental effects of red color with joy, happiness, love, depression, celebrations etc.. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand that how people culturally attached with red color and symbolize their lives with it. Colors are considered not in isolation, but they are mainly studied in contrasting pairs or in sequences. Researchers found that a specific color could have different associations in different conditions, and that generally the associations are more abstract than concrete. The present study focused on the use of colors in a specific culture, and results will show that one color may imply different meanings at the same place, and this makes us to understand on how colors are construed in cross cultural diversity This paper deals with the ways how a specific color (red) conveys meanings in two primary ways - natural associations and psychological symbolism. The qualitative anthropological techniques were used to collect empirical data.

Keywords

Red Color, Culture, Natural Association, Psychological Symbolism.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Sheikh Naqeebullah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

In this research paper entitled “social dynamics and changing educational systems”an attempt has been made to analyze modern educational systems and its impact on the social structures. Society perceived stagnant in the being system without any change, is considered to be defunct society. Education is the sole determinant of the pace of “social change” the immediate factor. “Industrial Revolution”, brought by “Education” not only carried remarkable changes, but eventuated class stratifications, the “Bourgeoisie” and “Proletarians”. China prudently resorted to embed the education, firmly in the state system, thereby burgeoned swiftly and set herself as an epitome for all the underdeveloped and developing countries. Religious education does prove itself an instrumental part in bringing about changes, Pakistan was an outcome of the religious-cum-political leaders. The partition scheme was maneuvered by the political leaders, but consummated by the religious abbots, when the religion-syndrome was infused into Muslims and Hindus. The data presented in this paper were collected through qualitative anthropological technique. Data were collected in the vicinities of Islamabad.

Keywords

Education, Social Change, Bourgeoisie, Proletarians, Theological Education, Industrial Revolution.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Iqra Rehman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

This research paper entitled “problems for the women in their career choices” deals with the research finding regarding the problems faced by the working especially who are on the verge of their career choices. The major source of these problems is inequality, lack of awareness, media and family issues. During their career choice, decision making and proper analysis are very important factors. Self actualization is another major factor, which is not properly taken care of. Now a day's everything is on the capabilities and aptitude so somehow it is problems are getting resolved. A woman needs support and families are also supporting them. Significant relationship between major selection and career related decision making implied the selection of main field should correspond with the career planning process. The data presented in this paper were collected through qualitative anthropological techniques. In-depth interviews were conducted in Quaid i Azam University Islamabad. The target population was the girls who were just to complete their education and were planning their careers and for that matter 15 respondents were chosen by using the convenience sampling method.

Keywords

Career Choices, Decisionmaking, Self Actualization, Media Involvement, Self Interest.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Nazia Israr ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

Prevailing economic conditions in any society are one of the major factors in the sustainability and development of that society. The main purpose of this study is to understand that the prevailing economic conditions determine whether a society will be able to support or not a certain population within that area. Thus, economic conditions play a major role in whether a local population will make progress or will lack basic amenities of life. The present study is conducted in the locality of Gujar Khan. The researcher tried to discover the socioeconomic effects of prevailing economic conditions of local people at the level of both household and community. The study will focus on such variables as availability of educational facilities, health, hygiene and sanitation, nutritional needs, clothing, shelters etc. Data presented in this article is collected by using qualitative anthropological techniques.

Keywords

Economic Condition, Development, Poverty, Health, Education, Unemployment.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, M. Haris Mateen Awan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

In the present study entitled “Does Nazar Butto Protect from the Evil Eye? A Symbolic Analysis in Anthropological Perspective”an attempt has been made to know how people associate nazar butto with the evil eye. The main objectives of this research were to find out how people perceive Nazar Butto symbolically and how the people associate nazar butto with evil eye. A nazar butto could be any object which the people think protects from the evil eye. This research would help to know about how villagers perceive superstitions when it is entered into the phase of development in terms of education level. The sample size consisted of 6 participants from village 23GB Anbalianwala, District Faisalabad, collected through snowball sampling technique. Case-study research method was used as a technique of data collection and tools used for data collection includes; in-depth interviews and observation. The results indicate that the villagers believe nazar butto is something that protect from the evil eye or the bad evil. It consists of different objects as black handi (bean pot), black shoes, a piece of black cloth, and black ribbon but they mostly practice black handi for that purpose.

Keywords

Nazar Butto, Evil Eye, Black Handi, Black Ribbon, Shoe, Black Cloth.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Nasra Khan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid iAzam University, Islamabad, PK
2 Department of Anthropology, Quaid iAzam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, PK

Abstract

The paper deals with the information regarding symbolic representation of green color among Muslims. The data presented in this paper has been collected by using qualitative anthropological research techniques which mainly include participant observation and in depth interviews. Field research was conducted in Batkhela Baba Ji, located in the village Batkhela Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The first objective of the study was to know people's perception towards green color, that's how this color symbolizes the concepts and personality of an individual. The second objective was to find out the importance of green color in in religion specific in Islam. Third objective was to know the cultural importance of the green color that whether people culturally attach with this symbol or not. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand that how people spiritually attached with green color and symbolize their lives with it. In this regards most of the Muslims associate Islam with green color to give some sort of Quranic Verses and Hadith. The color green is not only influence Muslims spiritually, but also impacts in cultural context. This thing can be found in different rituals among Sufi Muslims who use green color in their specific rituals. The aim of the study is to know about physical and mental effects of green color with soothing, relaxing, help, depression alleviation, self-control and harmony. This paper also interprets the meaning and utilization of green color is varies from one society or region to another. According to cultural perspective it is usually used in dressing, wedding and in other rituals.

Keywords

Symbolism, Interpretation, Green Color,Midmost, Turban, Cloak, Tomb, Religion, Culture.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Haris Sultan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

This Anthropological Research investigated the stigmatization and discrimination of HIV/AIDS Patients which they experienced by their family, relatives, Friends and coworkers. However the narratives and case studies related to stigmatization and discrimination from the point of view of HIV/AIDS patients and views of health care workers were also examined and analyzed. The qualitative anthropological research methodology was used for this research.A sample of 38 people living with HIV/AIDS in Rawalpindi and health care providers was chosen. The empirical data were collected through in-depth interviews and case studies. The purpose of the case studies was to elaborate the rejection and blame done by the closed ones with the innocent patients with HIV/AIDS.Discriminatory acts included the blame of being infected with HIV, rejection, and loss of respect, loss of support, loss of job and labeling of the people living with HIV/AIDS. These conditions also have the psychological effects on HIV/AIDS patients and these discriminatory acts can have bad effects on their treatment.The attachment of this disease with sexual content is the major reason of discrimination. Generally, the trends show that stigmatization prevails more in our society by different groups and very less support and care is shown towards People living with HIV/AIDS. Awareness regarding this disease is very necessary which may minimize this stigmatization. Furthermore, there was also a fact that to some extent by the propercounseling of the patients and their family by the healthcare providers reduced the threats of stigmatization and discrimination.

Keywords

HIV/AIDS Patients, Socio-Cultural, Stigmatization, Discrimination.

Full Text

     

Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹, Zainab Suleman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

This particular research aimed to explore the perception and preferences of people regarding indigenous and western health practices. The objectives of the research are to know what health model is preferred by people and what the reasons of preferring certain health model are. Another objective was to know about the link of education and employment with a selection of health model. The research was conducted in village Tiyal, District Haripur. 80 respondents were selected; age, gender, education and employment were inclusive factors. Structured interviews were conducted with the help of a questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that the majority of the people intends to prefer western models of health because of its reliability and quick recovery. It was observed that education and employment does play a role in selecting health models, but even uneducated and poor people also opt for western medicine from a quack even if they cannot afford a general physician. In the light of this study it is recommended that the Government should focus on managing health resources for the people living in rural areas.

Keywords

Indigenous Health Practices, Scientific Health Models, Western Medicine, Education And Healing.

Full Text

     

Saima Munir ¹, Anwaar Mohyuddin ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azim University, Islamabad, PK

Abstract

This article deal with the information regarding the social and cultural causes of female reproductive health issues in tribal area, Koh-Sulman village Bahratii district Dera Gahzi khan Punjab. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the status of woman in this region and the social and cultural causes that are the obstacles and leads to the serious issues of their reproductive health. The article reveal that social norms and cultural patterns like “nimorud system” (local Jirga or Sardar order that the women who have pregnancy of the accused family give the baby after the birth to the victim's family in form of marriage and can be named as marriage before birth.) gender base violence, negative attitude toward female birth and anti-attitude toward the use of contraceptives and family planning method that forced toward induced abortion that are the major causes of the female reproductive health problems. The present study will also analyze the deprivation of an area that has no basic health facilities and illiteracy that is a major hindrance in the development of the area. The data presented in this paper has been collected by using qualitative anthropological research technique.

Keywords

Intercultural Health Patterns, Social And Cultural Norms, Illiteracy.

Full Text