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Anita Kumari , R. N. Sehgal , Shailender Kumar

Abstract

Traditional agroforestry systems prevalent in Lahaul area was agri-silvicultural system. Generally five agroforestry systems were identified i.e. agri-horticultural, agri-silvicultural, agrisilvi- pastoral, pastoral-silviculture and pastoral-horticultural. Whereas, in District Kinnaur most prevalent agro-forestry system was agri-horticultural. Four agroforestry models were identified i.e. agri-horticultural, agri-silvicultural, pastoral-silvicultural and pastoral-horticultural. Major tree species of the area were Salix, Poplar and Apple.

Keywords

Agro-forestry Systems, Traditional, Lahaul, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh

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Vidya Thakur , R. N. Sehgal , Anita Kumari

Abstract

Floristic dynamics of a community is the indicator of variation in climate, soils, habitat, and physiography of the area. Study was conducted in the zone of occurrence (800 - 2,200m amsl) of Chir pine forests in Himachal Pradesh. Entire study area was grouped in the three altitudinal zones i.e., 900 - 1,200m, 1,201 - 1,500m (Shiwalik Chir pine forests) and 1,501 - 2,000m lower Himalayan Chir pine forests. It is observed that majority of the tree species showed contiguous distribution pattern, whereas, shrubs showed contiguous and random distribution. Study on density- dominance interaction showed that trees mainly showed log-normal and geometric series of distribution while in case of shrubs log series were of common. Results revealed the lower Himalayan Chir pine forests are less diverse in respect of tree species, having Quercus leucotrichophora dominant associate followed by Pyrus pashia and more diverse in case of shrubs as compared to that of shiwalik Chir pine forest where associated tree species are Syzygium cuminii, Lannea grandis and Myrica esculenta followed by Pyrus pashia, Mallotus philippinensis and Cassia fistula. Studies revealed that floristic dynamics, dominance, distribution of woody species change with change of aspects and altitudes.

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Anita Kumari , Dinesh Sharma , Rajan Bawa , P. Kaushal

Abstract

Modern healthcare system has negligible accessibility in the interior, remote and harsh areas of the northwestern Himalayas. People residing in these areas still depend upon traditional healthcare system. The study carried out in tribal and non tribal communities located in Kinnaur, Lahul, Bharmour and Pangi (tribal areas) Shilai, Churah, Parvati valley and Chhauhara (non tribal but remote areas) in Himachal Pradesh revealed that 9 species are used as tonic and as nutritional supplements by the expecting mothers. Species like Betula utilis and Dioscorea deltiodea for birth control Bunium persicum and Thymus serphyllum for relief from post delivery pain, similarly Cannabis sativa, Papaver somniferum and Selinum vaginatum are utilized as pain killers. Chenopondium album is used for the cure of chicken pox, Bombax ceiba during small pox and for urine problems, Arctium lapa and Capsella bursa pastoris are used specially in case of infants. It was also observed that due to illicit trade of the much demanded medicinal and aromatic species, many species namely Aconitum hetrophyllum, Podophyllum hexandrum, Rheum australe, etc. are on the verge of extinction. Thus there is dire need to educate the rural people to conserve their rich wealth for their own utilization.

Keywords

Mother and child health, Tribal areas, Nutritional supplements

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Pratik G. Bhagat ¹, Anita Kumari ²

Affiliations
1 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai-400 042, IN
2 Dept. of Chem. Engg., Thadomal Shahani Engg. College Bandra (W), Mumbai-400 050

Abstract

Industrial waste water from various refineries, bulk drug manufacturing processes, dye industries etc. is complex in characteristics. It contains various refractory toxic organics and their derivatives. In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been attracting growing interest for the degradation of hazardous and non-biodegradable organic compounds. The AOP procedure is particularly used for the aromatics, pesticides, petroleum constituents and volatile organic compounds in industrial waste water. The goal of AOP procedures is the reduction of chemical contaminants and the toxicity to such an extent that the cleaned waste water may be reintroduced into receiving streams or a conventional sewage treatment. Advanced oxidation processes using Fenton's Reagent (Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) and Ferrous Ion) are popular amongst other oxidizing agents due to its cost effectiveness, oxidation potential and ease of waste water treatment. Photo-Fenton oxidation process reacts well with organic compounds and does not produce any toxic compounds during oxidation. All contaminant materials are converted to large extent into stable inorganic compounds such as water, carbon dioxide and salts through the process of mineralization. Photo-Fenton oxidation process destroys different phenols, nitro-benzenes, herbicides in water media and reduces COD in municipal waste water. Many research papers have been published on "Photo-Fenton Oxidation Process" however very limited information is available which studies the effects of various parameters needed for the development of Photo-Fenton reactor. In the present paper various kinetic and design parameters for the development of Photo-Fenton reactor have been studied. The present paper sets simple guidelines for the development of Photo-Fenton reactor.

Keywords

Advanced Oxidation Process, Fenton's Reagent, Photo-fenton Reactor

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Anita Kumari ¹, Viraj Nayak ¹, Ninad Bhagwat ¹, Aniket Poojari ¹

Affiliations
1 Chem. Engg. Dept., Thadomal Shahani Engg. College, Bandra (W), Mumbai-400 050, IN

Abstract

The Desalination Refers to any of several processes that remove salt and other minerals from water. Water is desalinated in order to convert salt water to fresh water so that it can be suitable for human consumption or irrigation. Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on developing cost effective ways of providing the fresh water for human use in regions where the availability of fresh water is, or is becoming, limited. In the present work a detailed study on various processes of desalination that are currently at commissioning stage is done. The opportunities and challenges of desalination processes in general are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of main desalination processes are reported. The cost analysis of each process is done. The cost comparison of the various processes along with their capacities has been reported. From the comparative study it can be concluded that the reverse osmosis is the most promising desalination process. This process can be made effective using carbon nanotube membranes. Carbon nanotube membranes for water desalination are described in detail.

Keywords

Desalination, Reverse Osmosis, Ion Exchange Process, Electro-Dialysis

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Anita Kumari ¹, P. Kaushal ¹, Subhash Sharma ¹, Amit Guleria ¹

Affiliations
1 Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (Himachal Pradesh), IN

Abstract

Microfinance has been proved to be an effective tool in providing financial access to the poor people. Microfinance through self help groups has been recognised internationally as a modern tool to combat poverty and rural development. Self help groups act as instrument for empowerment of women. The opportunities created by microfinance through forest protection committees as a tool to alleviate poverty can be used to strengthen the rural women SHG. The study revealed that most of the respondents belong to middle aged group, schedule caste category, primary passed and lives in joint families. Average number of members per group was 14 and average saving was `110. Women of 0-30 years age groups and middle passed borrow maximum amount of loan. Family income of respondents increase more than double after joining SHGs. Dairy farming is most preferred income generating activity amongst studied FDAs. Microfinance help in improving the economic, psychological, social and managerial aspects of women thus helps in overall women empowerment.

Keywords

Micro Financing, Income Generating Activities, Women Empowerment.

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Anita Kumari ¹, Pratibha ¹, Ashwini Singh ¹, Ramhari Meena ¹, Nighat Fahmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, IN

Abstract

This study was made to synthesize Copper Nanoparticles using the Flueggea leucopyrus Willd leaves extract. UV-Visible characterizes nanoparticles, and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Electron Dispersion X-ray (EDX) techniques. SEM and TEM studies show the morphological and structural properties of formed green NPs. DLS offers the average size in the Nanometer range, and particle stability is measured by Zeta potential. The Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faces and the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria culture for test antimicrobial activity of newly formed Copper Nanoparticles.

Keywords

Flueggea leucopyrus; Copper nanoparticles; Zeta potential; antimicrobia

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Anita Kumari ¹, Y. K. Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Churu Road, Vidyanagari, Chudela, Rajasthan 333001, IN
2 Head Department of Chemistry, B K Birla Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pilani, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

The water has become an emotive issue with the people. The paper presents groundwater quality assessments of Pilani Town District Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan India. The water samples were collected from 10 open wells, tube wells and hand pumps in Pilani. Ground water is increasingly being sought as a source of drinking water due to the scarcity, non-availability and bacteriological pollution of surface water. This paper describes the important results of the Physico-chemical Assessment of the ground water samples of the open wells, tube wells and hand pumps of the urban areas in Pilani, District Jhunjhunu of Rajasthan. The different parameters determined are pH, TDS, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total alkalinity and total hardness. It has been observed that nitrate values are higher compaired to ICMR standards. Other parameters were found within desirable limits. The interesting fact is that the nitrate alone is making ground water unfit for drinking.

Keywords

Water Quality, Physico-chemical parameters, Ground water of Pilani Town

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Anita Kumari ¹, Y. K. Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Churu Road, Vidyanagari, Chudela, Rajasthan 333001,, IN
2 Head Department of Chemistry, B K Birla Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pilani, Rajasthan., IN

Abstract

In Present Paper the Physicochemical Studies of ground water of Chirawa, Buhana and Surajgarh tehsil of Jhunjhunu district have been studied. Water samples from the ground water of villages, colonies, school, hospitals and railway station were collected and analysed for physico- chemical parameters like ammonia, alkalinity, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, TDS, Total hardness, and concentration of ions like chloride, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, some heavy metal like as Mn and Fe. It has been observed that all parameters were found within desirable limit compared to BIS, but fluoride, potassium, and sodium values are higher compared to WHO. The interesting fact that phosphorus, iron and manganese were not found in any ground water samples. Only fluoride, potassium and sodium are making ground water unfit for drinking.

Keywords

Physico-chemical parameters, Ground water, Fluoride.

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Anita Kumari ¹, Y.K. Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Churu Road, Vidyanagari, Chudela, Rajasthan 333001, India., IN
2 Head Department of Chemistry, B K Birla Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pilani, Rajasthan, India, IN

Abstract

Ground water quality is the resultant of all the processes and reactions that act on water from the moment it condensed in the atmosphere to the time it is discharged by a well or spring and varies from place to place and with the depth of water table. The major object of present study is to assess the quality of ground water at Alsisar Town and Its Surrounding Area in Jhunjhunu district, which is the only source of drinking water in this semi-arid zone of Rajasthan.Water samples from tube wells, and hand-pumps were collected and analyzed for PhysicoChemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), total hardness (TH) and Concentration of ions like Cl- , F- , Nitrate, Sulphate, Sodium and Potassium. The results were compared with drinking water standard of ISI (10500-91) and WHO (1973).

Keywords

Physico-Chemical, WHO, ISI, Alsisar Town and Its Surrounding Area, Ground water.

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