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Yadav, Amit S.
- Ecological Status of Three Micro Watersheds in Western Himalaya
Authors
1 Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 140, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 331-347Abstract
Ecological status of a particular region is determined by assessing its biodiversity, prevailing conditions of the environment and their interactions. Biodiversity assessments in micro watershed across altitudinal gradients of Western Himalaya reveal that phytodiversity includes a total of 2276 individuals from 75 woody species belonging to 38 families. Among the three micro watersheds, Mandhala was species rich with 43 species followed by Moolbari (39) and MeGad (9). In Mandhala most of the species are thorny shrubs and rarely attain tree forms due to severe anthropogenic disturbances, which also yielded very low basal area. Moolbari had the highest basal area, which had dominant species Quercus leucotricophora and Q. glauca. MeGad, a high altitude area was mostly dominated by Abies pindrow, Picea smithiana and Pinus wallichiana. Faunal investigations enumerated 115 butterfly species, 14 amphibian and 136 bird species. Butterflies in the region were oriental and palaearctic in origin representing nine families. Similarly, 14 species amphibians belonging to 5 families were sighted during the field investigations. Paa minica is vulnerable and Amolops chakrataensis is data deficient according to IUCN status and these two are endemics of Himalayan foot hills. Among the three watersheds, Mandhala, lying in Shivaliks has higher faunal diversity followed by Moolbari. Amphibians were not encountered in MeGad microwatershed during Aug-Sept 07. In total 136 bird species were recorded from three watersheds, the maximum number of bird species occurred in Mandhala region (104) followed by Moolbari (57) and Me Gad (35).Keywords
Biodiversity, Ecological Status, Floral And Faunal Diversity, Watershed, Altitudinal Gradients, Western Himalaya
- Design and Evaluation of the Fast Dissolving Tablets of Aceclofenac by Sublimation Technique
Authors
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H.Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H.Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 233-236Abstract
The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving tablet of aceclofenac by sublimation technology using camphor. Sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone were used as superdisintegrants. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density and compressibility index. Tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, wetting time, in vitro dispersion and in vitro dissolution. In vitro release studies were performed using USP XXII dissolution apparatus type II (Electro lab, Mumbai, India) paddle method in 900 ml of pH-7.4 at 75 rpm. Among all the formulation, F-6 shows 83.26% release at the end of 22 min. Thus, F-6 was considered as the best among the other formulations. The selected formulation F-6 was subjected to stability studies for three months, which showed stability with respect to release pattern.Keywords
Aceclofenac, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Crospovidone, Fast Dissolving Tablets.- Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Microspheres of Zidovudine
Authors
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H.Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B. H. Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 96-99Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparations of zidovudine, using Copolymers Eudragit S 100 and RL 100 (acrylic and methacrylic acid esters) and Ethyl cellulose as the retardant material. Microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method using an acetone/liquid paraffin system. Magnesium stearate was used as the droplet stabilizer and n-hexane was added to harden the microspheres. The prepared microspheres were characterized for their micromeritic properties, drug loading, as well by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release studies were performed in pH 7.4, phosphate buffer. The prepared microspheres were white, free flowing and spherical in shape. The drugloaded microspheres show 81-93% of entrapment and release was extended more than 10hrs. Stability studies revealed that polymers used were stable and compatible with the drug and there is no significant effect on physical characteristics, drug content and dissolution profile of the microspheres. Scanning electron microscopy study revealed that the microspheres were spherical with rough surface. The best-fit release kinetics was achieved with Higuchi's plot followed by First order and Zero order. The release of Zidovudine was influenced by the drug to polymer ratio, particle size&was found to be diffusion controlled.