Informatics Publishing Limited

P. K. Singh ¹, K. K. Singh ¹, L. S. Rathore ¹, A. K. Baxla ¹, S. C. Bhan ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ², G. B. Gohain ¹, R. Balasubramanian ³, R. S. Singh ⁴, R. K. Mall ⁴

Affiliations
1 Agromet Service Cell, India Meteorological Department, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, IN
2 Deparment of Science and Technology, New Delhi 110 016, IN
3 Agrimet Pune, New Delhi 411 005, IN
4 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN

Abstract

The CERES (crop estimation through resource and Environment Synthesis)-rice model incorporated in DSSAT version 4.5 was calibrated for genetic coefficients of rice cultivars by conducting field experiments during the kharif season at Jorhat, Kalyani, Ranchi and Bhagalpur, the results of which were used to estimate the gap in rice yield. The trend of potential yield was found to be positive and with a rate of change of 26, 36.9, 57.6 and 3.7 kg ha^-1 year^-1 at Jorhat, Kalyani, Ranchi and Bhagalpur districts respectively. Delayed sowing in these districts resulted in a decrease in rice yield to the tune of 35.3, 1.9, 48.6 and 17.1 kg ha^-1 day^-1 respectively. Finding reveals that DSSAT crop simulation model is an effective tool for decision support system. Estimation of yield gap based on the past crop data and subsequent adjustment of appropriate sowing window may help to obtain the potential yields.

Keywords

Agroclimatic Zones, Genetic Coefficients, Rice Model, Yield Gap.

Full Text

   

P. K. Singh ¹, K. K. Singh ¹, S. C. Bhan ¹, A. K. Baxla ¹, Sompal Singh ², L. S. Rathore ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Agromet Service Cell, India Meteorological Department, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, IN
2 Department of Agriculture Meteorology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN
3 Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi 110 016, IN

Abstract

Climate change is projected to alter the growing conditions of rice crop in different regions of India. Crop growth simulation model (DSSATv4.6) was calibrated and evaluated with four rice cultivars: PR 118 in Amritsar, Ludhiana; HKR 126 in Hisar and Ambala; Pant 4 in Kanpur and Sugandha-1126 in Modipuram on different sowing dates. The average yield of the selected optimum dates was 6391, 6531, 7751, 7561, 4347 and 4131 kg/ha for Amritsar, Ludhiana, Hisar, Ambala, Modipuram and Kanpur respectively. Both temperature and CO₂ have increased. The combined effect of temperature and CO₂ indicates decreased yield rate in the future decades. The present study shows that rice yield will decrease in the future and this may be due to increase in temperature. According to projection results, for all the locations average yield is higher in the decade 2010, except Amritsar in the decade 2030 and Ludhiana in the decade 2050. The average yield at Hisar, Ambala, Modipuram and Kanpur in 2010 was 7744, 7654, 4347 and 4021 kg/ha respectively. Amritsar and Ludhiana showed maximum average yield of 6880 and 6877 kg/ha respectively, in the decade 2030. Such yield reductions in rice crops due to climate change are mediated through reduction in crop duration, grain number and grain filling duration. These projections nevertheless provide a direction of likely change in crop productivity in future climate change scenarios.

Keywords

Agroclimatic Zones, Climate Change, Crop Simutation Models, Rice.

Full Text

   

Akhilesh Gupta ¹, Vimal Yadav ¹, Jaydeep S. Yadav ¹, Swati Rawat ²

Affiliations
1 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN
2 Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Doxofylline is chemically designated as 7-(1, 3 dioxolone-2-yl methyl) theophylline. Presence of a dioxolane group in position C-7 differentiates it from theophylline. It is a new antibronchospastic drug recently introduced in therapy with pharmacological properties like theophylline; a potent adenosine receptor antagonist. doxofylline do not affect gastric acid secretion; either invivo or in-vitro; unlike theophylline. The lack of side effects with doxofylline indicates that the drug can be used safely and effectively. Some analytical methods for quantitative determination of doxofylline in pharmaceutical formulations like UV-Spectrophotometry, HPLC and LC-MS are reported. The present review deals with the various analytical methods reported as well as adopted for the estimation of doxofylline.

Keywords

Doxofylline, UV, HPLC, LC-MS.

Full Text

     

S. Rawat ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad (M.S.), IN
2 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy, Jaunpur (U.P), IN

Abstract

A simple accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of nimesulide and diclofenac sodium. The method involves solving of simultaneous equation based on measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths i.e., at 276 nm and 395 nm.

Keywords

Nimesulide, Diclofenac Sodium, Simultaneous Equation and UV Spectrophotometry.

Full Text

     

Akhilesh Gupta ¹, Swati Rawat ², Arun Pandey ³

Affiliations
1 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN
2 Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad (M.S.), IN
3 Alkem Laboratories, Mumbai, IN

Abstract

A simple, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of doxofylline and photolytic degradation product. The method showed a linear response for concentrations in the range of 1-200 g/ml using acetonitrile: formic acid (90: 10); pH-3.0 as the mobile phase with detection at 274 nm and a flow rate of 1 ml/min and retention time 2.9 min. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, forced degradation, solution stability and selectivity. Quantitative and recovery studies of the dosage form were also carried out and analyzed; the % RSD from recovery studies was found to be less than 1. Due to simplicity, rapidity and accuracy of the method, we believe that the method will be useful for routine quality control analysis. The acid degradation product as well as pathway was characterized by LC-MS/MS.

Keywords

Doxofylline, RP-HPLC, LC-MS/MS, Degradation Studies.

Full Text

     

Akhilesh Gupta ¹, Swati Rawat ², Mayuri Gandhi ³, Jaydeep Singh Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN
2 Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad (M.S.), IN
3 IIT, Mumbai (M.S.), IN

Abstract

A simple, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of doxofylline and acid degradation product. The method showed a linear response for concentrations in the range of 1-200 μg/ml using acetonitrile: formic Acid (90: 10); pH-3.0 as the mobile phase with detection at 274 nm and a flow rate of 1 ml/min and retention time 2.9 min. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, forced degradation, solution stability and selectivity. Quantitative and recovery studies of the dosage form were also carried out and analyzed; the % RSD from recovery studies was found to be less than 1. Due to simplicity, rapidity and accuracy of the method, we believe that the method will be useful for routine quality control analysis. The acid degradation product as well as pathway was characterized by LC-MS/MS.

Keywords

Doxofylline, RP-HPLC, LC-MS/MS, Degradation Studies.

Full Text

     

Akhilesh Gupta ¹, Jaydeep Singh Yadav ¹, Swati Rawat ², Mayuri Gandhi ³

Affiliations
1 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN
2 Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad (M.S.), IN
3 IIT Mumbai (M.S), IN

Abstract

A simple, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of doxofylline and photolytic degradation product. The method showed a linear response for concentrations in the range of 1-200 μg/ml using acetonitrile: formic acid (90:10); pH-3.0 as the mobile phase with detection at 274 nm and a flow rate of 1 ml/min and retention time 2.9 min. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, forced degradation, solution stability and selectivity. Quantitative and recovery studies of the dosage form were also carried out and analyzed; the % RSD from recovery studies was found to be less than 1. Due to simplicity, rapidity and accuracy of the method, we believe that the method will be useful for routine quality control analysis. The hydrolytic degradation product as well as pathway was characterized by LC-MS/MS.

Keywords

Doxofylline, RP-HPLC, LC-MS/MS, Degradation Studies.

Full Text

     

S. Rawat ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad (M.S.), IN

Abstract

HPTLC is a modern chromatographic technique in which the principle of TLC is sophisticated and automated by which the samples are accurately and precisely estimated which can be utilized for both qualitative and quantitative purpose.

Ocimum genus contains approximately 30 species of herbs and shrubs from the tropical and subtropical region of Asia, Africa and central and South America. However, the major place of diversity appears to be in Africa. The drug has numerous pharmacological activities like hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, antistress, analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antiulcerogenic, radio protective and antitumor. Major constituents of Ocimum sanctum includes eugenol, qurcetine etc. which are known to possess antifungal activity against candida albicans. The aim of the present study is to develop a novel High Performance liquid chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the quantitative estimation of flavonoid Qurcetine in hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum.

Keywords

Ocimum sanctum, Qurcetine, HPTLC.

Full Text

     

Vikas Chaurasia ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ², Saurabh Pal ³

Affiliations
1 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN
2 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy, Jaunpur, (U.P.), IN
3 V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Internet pharmacy is also known as online pharmacy, cyber pharmacy, e pharmacy, and virtual pharmacy/drugstores intended to help pharmacists and others to identify the legal and professional requirements. Since about the year 1999, a growing number of internet pharmacies have been established worldwide. Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies and in fact many of them are actually operated by brick and mortar community pharmacies that serve consumers online, hence, walk in their door. It was found that some customers consider this method to be more convenient and private method rather than traveling to a community drugstore. Internet pharmacies are also recommended to some patients by their physicians if they are homebound. The present review focus on the present role of online pharmacy and self medication as well as its future prospects.

Keywords

Online Pharmacy, Self Medication, Cyber Pharmacy, e-Pharmacy, Virtual Pharmacy And Drugstore.

Full Text

     

Swati Rawat ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy Aurangabad (M.S.), IN
2 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy Jaunpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The effect of prepared Ayurvedic formulation was evaluated on excision and incision wound models in rats. The wound-healing activity was assessed by the rate of period of epithelialization and skin-breaking strength. Histological study of the granulation tissue was carried out to know the extent of collagen formation in the wound tissue. The Ayurvedic formulation prepared was then promoted for wound-healing activity in two wound models. The treated animals showed significant reduction in the wound area up to (P<0.001) and faster rate of epithialisation (23.17±0.54). In an incision wound model, formulation treated animals demonstrated significant skin-breaking strength up to 420.33±5.92. Histological studies of the tissue obtained from the formulation treated group revealed that the activity was more significant in this group. Our present study reveals that the Ayurvedic formulation posses potent wound healing activity, which could be a good choice of remedy for wound healing but less potent than standard Nitrofurazone.

Keywords

Excision Wound, Incision Wound Model, Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants.

Full Text

     

Swati Rawat ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad (M.S.), IN
2 Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

In this paper a brief history and an overview of the regulatory process for drug approval in the United States through illustrations of Investigational New Drug (INDs) Applications and New Drug Applications (NDAs), abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) and supplemental new drug applications (SNDAs) are provided. For INDs, the regulatory requirements for a well-designed protocol, the role and responsibility of institutional review boards, and the applicability of treatment INDs are discussed. For NDAs, issues regarding the application of expanded access, the submission of abbreviated NDAs for a generic drug, the submission of supplemental NDAs for labeling changes, and the role and responsibility of advisory committees are addressed. Along with this a brief description of review steps taken by FDA is provided.

Keywords

Investigational New Drug Application, New Drug Application, International Conference on Harmonization.

Full Text

     

G. Bala ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Climate Change Programme, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi 110 016, IN

Abstract

The national roundtable discussion on geoengineering was held recently in Delhi. While research on geoengineering is fairly advanced in the international arena, very little R&D efforts have been undertaken in India. Hence, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) has recently launched a Major R&D project (MRDP) at Centre for Amospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) to undertake climate modelling experiments in order to generate strategic knowledge on stratospheric aerosol geoengineering. The primary objective of convening the roundtable discussion on geoengineering was to seek views of the experts and policy makers on the issue of whether and how geoengineering is likely to impact India.

Full Text

   

Akhilesh Gupta ¹, Swati Rawat ²

Affiliations
1 Surgycare Lifescience, Sendhwa (MP), IN
2 SND College of Pharmacy, Yeola (MS), IN

Abstract

John Goodyew translated first reference from term ‘Dioscorides Medical treatise De Materia Medica’ into English terminology as use of Aloe vera in A.D. 1655; moreover, in early 1800s it used as laxative whereas in the mid 1930s successful treatment was introduced for chronic and severe radiation dermatitis. Since, several cultures of the history have been showed impression of foot print for use of Aloe vera, major includes Greece, Egypt, India, Mexico, Japan and China. Egyptian queens Nefertiti and Cleopatra regularly involved it in their beauty regimes whereas Alexander the Great, and Christopher Columbus used it to treat soldiers’ wounds. Aloe vera is well known plant not only in tribal community but modern lookout also make it therapeutic important. Since it is used in Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Allopathic medicine because various research support that it contains vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugar and other bioactive compounds. Although therapeutic use of Aloe vera covered wide range of activity major includes emollient, purgative, antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic, its benefits so myriad and astounding that no part in human body remains uninfluenced by its healing touch; all these make it plant of wonder. The modern therapeutic approach for beauty enhancer also list Aloe vera as most favorable plant in cosmetic industries. In this review we are trying to approach and underlying every possible corner associated with medicinal use of Aloe vera.

Keywords

Aloe vera, Wound Healing Agent, Antioxidant, Laxative, Anticancer, Anti Stress, Antidiabetic, Antidiabetic, Nutrient.

Full Text

     

Rajesh Kumar ¹, Niraj Kumar ¹, Shaktiman Singh ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida-201306, IN
2 Department of Science & Technology, Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi-110016, IN

Abstract

Wetlands are very unique ecosystem with high productivity and several ecosystem services. The high altitude wetlands play very unique and important role in the glaciated river basins. They serve as storage during rainy period and release water during throughout the dry season. The wetlands in the high altitudes are under stress due to changes in basic natural feeding systems which are glaciers and precipitation. The increase in temperature in recent decades has exaggerated the problem. The present paper reviews the importance and status of high altitude wetlands and assesses the issues to be addressed.

Keywords

Himalaya, High Altitude Wetlands (HAWs), Climate Change, Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF), Warming.

Full Text

   

Anil V. Kulkarni ¹, S. Pratibha ¹, Nisha Mendiratta ², Akhilesh Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Climate Change Programme, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi 110 016, IN

Abstract

The glaciers and seasonal snow melt feed numerous Indian rivers originating from the Himalaya and support millions of people. However, snow and glaciers are sensitive to climate change and the ongoing climate change will potentially affect water availability for millions of people living in North India. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of factors and processes affecting the Himalayan cryosphere is necessary.

Full Text

   

Akhilesh Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Surgycare Lifescience, Sendhwa (MP), IN

Abstract

Aminoglycosides are selectively active against gram negative bacteria through inhibition of protein synthesis; moreover, those are given parenterally or topically because they are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, therefore are given parenterally or topically. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are the most common side effects associated with aminoglycosides therapy. As the resistance developed in most of the bacteria that open the door to use either most toxic combination therapy of present aminoglycosides with other antibiotics such as beta lactams or vancomycin with which they exert a synergistic effect or to discover next generation aminoglycosides, without toxicities. For the discovery of next generation aminoglycosides, a successful step passes through identification of one structure with molecular formula C25H48N6O10 and 592.68 molecular wight from 490 analogous of sisomicin with absence of 3’-OH and 4’-OH groups and named as “ACHN-490” or “Plazomicin” by Achaogen. Plazomicin showed activity against Enterobacteriaceae (EC), Multi drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-EC), Aminoglycoside resistant Enterobacteriaceae (AR-EC), Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CR-EC), Colistin resistant (CR-CRE), Tigecycline resistant (TR-EC). Lack of nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity associated with plazomicin; make it drug of future in next generation aminoglycosides. In this review, I am trying to underlying discovery and development of plazomicin as newer antibiotic.

Keywords

Next Generation Aminoglycoside, Plazomicin, ACGN-490, Multi-Drug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Aminoglycoside Resistance, Aminoglycoside Combination Therapy.

Full Text

     

Akhilesh Gupta ¹, H. K. Mittal ¹, A. Mukhopadhyay ¹, Neeraj Sharma ¹, Rajiv Tayal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi 110 016, IN

Abstract

This is in response to the editorial titled ‘Is Indian science ready to tackle conflict of interest in a rational way?’ by E. Arunan.

Full Text

   

Akhilesh Gupta ¹, Swati Rawat ², Prabhanshu Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Surgycare Lifescience, Sendhwa (MP), IN
2 SND College of Pharmacy, Yeola (MS), IN
3 RD Memorial Ayurvedic College, Bhopal (MP), IN

Abstract

In this systematic review and meta-analysis we compared the efficacy and safety in patient with severe systemic infection (SSF) who has been either on netilmicin (NL) monotherapy or combination of netilmicin with other antibiotics (NLC). A systematic review of the literature was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in Medline and Embase. A comprehensive search was performed from 1978 to 2017. Total 17 studies were identified that include 976 randomized patients with SSF. 489 patients enrolled in 11 studies for NL while 487 in NLC group. The meta-analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in rate of clinical efficacy (rate of failure) between NL (13.09%) and comparator NLC (20.91%). Nephrotoxicity associated with the therapy showed minor difference between both group, NL (13.80%) and NLC (10.09%). The study was further compare on the basis of dose regimen viz once a day (OD) and three times a day (TID). 184 patients of 4 studies received once in a day netilmicin monotherapy (OD-NL) while 259 patients of 7 studies received three times a day netilmicin monotherapy (TID-NL).Result of dose regimen group showed 11.04% rate of failure and 11.78% incidence of nephrotoxicity in (OD-NL) and 12.5% and 13.84% respectively in (TID-NL).The paucity of data from this evidence based systematic review and meta-analysis, favors NL monotherapy, if the slightly more chances of nephrotoxicity than comparator NLC neglected.

Keywords

Netilmicin, Sever Infection, Netilmicin Combination Therapy, Nephrotoxicity, Meta Analysis.

Full Text

     

Swati Rawat ¹, Shradha Sangali ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 SND College of Pharmacy, Babhulgaon, Yeola, Nashik, IN
2 Surgycare Lifescience, Sendhwa, M. P., IN

Abstract

Floating Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS) have a bulk density lower than gastric fluids and thus remain buoyant in the stomach for a prolonged period of time, without affecting the gastric emptying rate. While the system is floating on the gastric contents, the drug is released slowly at a desired rate from the system. These floating tablets mainly prepared for reduction of lag time and release the drug up to 12 hours and may also increase the bioavailability of the drugs by utilizing the drug to full extent avoiding unnecessary frequency of dosing. The study included formulation of floating tablets using polymers like Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K15M, PVP K30, Sodium bicarbonate, Xanthan-Gum, Guar-gum and microcrystalline cellulose as matrix forming agents. The tablets were directly compressed using Lab Press multi station rotary punching machine. FTIR and DSC-TGA studies conformed that there was no incompatibility between the polymers and the drug. Tablet preformulation parameters were within the Pharmacopoeias limit. Tablet showed zero lag time, continuance of buoyancy for >12 h. In vivo X-ray studies depicted that tablets continued to float in the GIT for 12 h. The in-vitro drug release pattern of Acyclovir floating tablets was fitted to different kinetic models which showed highest regression for zero order kinetics with Koresmeyer-peppasand most of the formulations followed Nonfickian diffusion.

Keywords

Acyclovi, Floating Drug Delivery System, HPMC, PVP K30, Xanthan-Gum, Guar-Gum, Matrix Devices, Gastroretentive Dosage Forms.

Full Text

     

Ashutosh Sharma ¹, Rajiv K. Tayal ¹, Akhilesh Gupta ¹, Neelima Alam ¹, G. V. Raghunath Reddy ¹, Vineet Saini ¹, J. B. V. Reddy ¹, Ranjith Krishna Pai ¹, Ligy Philip ², Prasada Raju ³, T. Pradeep ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi 110 016, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
3 Industrial Consultancy and Sponsored Research, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India (former Scientist, DST), IN
4 Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

Keywords

No Keywords.

Full Text

   

Perminder Jit Kaur ¹, Monika Agarwal ², Akhilesh Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Science and Technology, Centre for Policy Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, IN
2 Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi 110 016, IN
3 Department of Science and Technology, and Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi 110 016, IN

Abstract

State-level institutes have an important role in strengthening the national STI ecosystem. SERB-SURE scheme was launched in 2022 to support research at state-level institutes to strengthen the national STI ecosystem. The scheme also promotes researchers with no ongoing/completed project proposals under SERB and thus is a platform to appraise the upcoming talent pool of the country. The details of proposals submitted and recommended have been gathered from the PRISM website and SERB online portal. The present article quantitatively analyses the trend of project proposal submission and approval based on parameters such as gender, state, institute type and subject area between the financial year 2022–23. Based on these early indicators, some recommendations for promoting research at state-level institutes are provided here.

Keywords

Government Programme, Research in India, Schemes, Science, SERB, SURE, Technology.

Full Text