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Kumain, Akanksha
- Energy use Pattern in Wheat Crop Production System among Different Farmer Groups of the Himalayan Tarai Region
Abstract Views :225 |
PDF Views:75
Authors
Rajat Kumar Sharma
1,
T. K. Bhattacharya
1,
Akanksha Kumain
1,
Priyanka Chand
1,
Sandip Mandal
1,
Deepshikha Azad
1
Affiliations
1 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
1 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 3 (2020), Pagination: 448-454Abstract
This study examines the energy use pattern in wheat crop cultivation in the Himalayan Tarai region of India among different farmer groups. A total of 250 farmers from 59 villages were interviewed and information on various inputs in wheat crop production was collected during 2015–16. Based on the information, all the inputs in wheat crop production were identified and converted into energy using standard energy equivalents. Results showed that the total energy expenditure in wheat crop production in the region was 20497.1 MJ/ha in which fertilizer, fuel and seed shared 85% of the total energy. Fertilizer alone accounted for 50.2% of total energy followed by fuel (22.6%). It was estimated that farmers of the large and medium category used more energy compared to those having small landholding, but also produced more grains. Operation-wise, fertilizer application consumed maximum energy followed by tillage operation. The average value estimated for output-to-unit input energy ratio was 3.02, whereas it was 3.26, 3.15, 3.14, 3.11 and 2.95 for large, medium, semi-medium, small and marginal category farmers respectively. It can be concluded from the present study that energy consumption has a positive relationship with yield.Keywords
Agriculture, Energy Use Pattern, Farmer Groups, Wheat Crop.Full Text
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- Characteristic Properties of Pine Needle Biochar Blocks with Distinctive Binders
Abstract Views :250 |
PDF Views:75
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar 263 145, IN
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar 263 145, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 12 (2020), Pagination: 1959-1967Abstract
Biochar beehive blocks are an unpolluted renewable and sustainable source of energy. Pine needle is abundantly available in the form of biomass world over. In the present study biomass of pine needles was transformed into biochar using a biochar production machine. The biochar beehive blocks were produced with different binding agents, e.g. soil, cattle dung, cement and lime in 30%, 40% and 50% weight proportion. Block-making procedure increases the bulk density of loose biomass up to 30–100% with increase in calorific value, reduction in storage space requirement and transportation cost as compared to loose biomass. The developed biochar blocks were 12.7 cm in diameter, 8 cm in height and weighed 600 g. The average moisture, volatiles, ash and fixed carbon contents were 5%, 36%, 25% and 40% respectively. The results of the study showed that the maximum shatter resistance and water absorption resistance as 83% and 76% for B50C50 and B50L50 respectively, while the maximum calorific value was 29 MJ/kg for B70S30. Based on process optimization using RSM, a biochar block with a binding ratio of 40% proved to be optimal. The production cost of biochar blocks for soil or dung was B6.30/kg, while for cement or lime blocks it was B10.30/kg. The use of pine needle biomass reduces the hazard of bushfire and helps achieve effective selfemployment by preventing rural farmers from migrating from the countryside.Keywords
Biochar, Beehive Briquettes, Binders, Calorific Value, Pine Needles.Full Text
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