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S. Ahuja ¹, A. Wadhwa ², R. Chaddha ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Obesity is becoming an increasingly important public health problem in developed as well as developing countries. The increase in overweight or obesity is not restricted to adults but is evident in children also. Overweight in children is associated with a number of non-communicable chronic diseases like hypertension and insulin resistance. More recently, regional distribution of fat within the body has been associated with obesity related complications. Significant relationship has been observed between central body fat including intra-abdominal adipose tissue and morbidity in children. This in turn is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Android obesity with centripetal fat distribution, is related to numerous complications like hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. The risk of intra-abdominal accumulation of fat can begin early in life and may be concurrent with the development of overweight in children. The present study was undertaken to compare the blood pressure and body fat distribution pattern of overweight and normal weight children.

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M. Sharma ¹, R. Prashar ², T. Sharma ¹, A. Wadhwa ¹

Affiliations
1 Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital, Kapurthala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone and is particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus as well as during the early phase of ossification. The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult upper limb long bones. The study was performed on 40 upper limb long bones which include 40 humerii, 40 radii, 40 ulnae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy Punjab institute of medical sciences, Jalandhar. The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different upper limb bones. In humerus double and triple foramina were found. In radius and ulna double foramina were observed at the maximum. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in radius. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in surgical procedures.

Keywords

Nutrient Foramina, Humerus, Radius, Ulna.

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J. Kaur ¹, T. Sharma ¹, A. Wadhwa ¹, M. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Jalandhar, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Morphological variations of sternocleidomastoid are not uncommon. During our routine dissection, in the department of anatomy PIMS Jalandhar, we encountered a rare case of presence of third head of sternocleidomastoid, bilaterally. This anomalous head is arising from clavicle lateral to the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This report not only adds to the knowledge of anatomists but will hold good to surgeons, anaesthetists and radiologists as well.

Keywords

Sternocleidomastoid, Spinal Accessory, Sternal, Clavicular.

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