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Rao, A.
- Clinical Profile and Response to First-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Manipur
Authors
1 Medicine MS Ramaiah Medical College Bangalore, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Medicine Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 5, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 970-977Abstract
Background:Knowledge of demographic profiles and baseline characteristics of HIV infected patients is essential for devising prevention strategies. Analysis of factors influencing improvement in CD4 cell count will help to determine prognosis and better implementation of ART.Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted on HIV patients in Manipur, to assess clinical profile and factors influencing baseline immunological status and response to ART.
Methodology: 1231 patients were enrolled. Baseline demographic and laboratory parameters were recorded. CD4 cell counts were recorded at baseline and 6 months after ART initiation.
Results: 66.3% patients were male, 74.6% aged 21-40 years, 65.6% were Hindus and 52.9% of urban residence. 17.5% patients had Haemoglobin ≤9 grams/dl. Prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was 3.4% and 20.5% respectively. Male sex (141.51±96.21 vs. 169.92±111.2 cells/mm3; p=0.001), age >20 years and Haemoglobin ≤9 g/dl (127.5±99.5 vs. 153.8±99.1cells/mm3; p=0.001) were associated with lower baseline CD4 count. Females (219.01±187.2 vs. 161.79±153.35cells/mm3; p=0.001), age group 1-20 years and those without HIV-HCV coinfections (188.72±170.81 vs. 154.20±155.88 cells/mm3; p=0.004) had significant improvement in CD4 count at 6 months-post ART initiation. CD4 response in HIV-HBV coinfected patients was lower (188.59±170.65 vs. 162.39±139.8 cells/mm3; p=0.324) but not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Majority of HIV patients in Manipur were - Males, Hindus, aged 21-40 years and of urban residence. Males, age >20 years and haemoglobin ≤9 g/dl were associated with lower baseline CD4 count. HIVHBV/ HIV-HCV coinfection wasn't associated with lower baseline CD4 count. Females, age <20 years and absence of HIV-HBV/HIV-HCV coinfections were associated with superior immunological response to ART.
Keywords
Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, HIV-HBV Coinfection, HIV-HCV Coinfection, CD4 Count, Response to ART, HIV.Full Text
- Purple Urine Bag Syndrome:An Uncommon Case Presentation
Authors
1 Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, ROHTAK-124001 (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Gyane and Obstetrics, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, ROHTAK-124001 (Haryana), IN
3 Dept. of Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), IN
4 Department of Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, ROHTAK-124001 (Haryana), IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 69, No 10 (2016), Pagination: 29-31Abstract
Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare condition indicating the presence of UTI characterized by intense purple discoloration of the urine. Although typically benign, purple urine is alarming to patients. This article presents the case of a chronically debilitated female patient whose urine became purple in the due course of hospital admission with indwelling urinary catheter in situ. The case report includes brief summary of PUBS, including its documented risk factors, the chemical chain reaction involved in producing purple urine, and how healthcare providers should treat patients when PUBS is encountered.Keywords
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome, Urinary Tract Infections, Chronic Catheterization.
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