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E. Hema Latha , T. Satyanarayana , A. Ramesh , Y. Durga Prasad , K. V. Routhu , R. L. A. Srinivas

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of methanolic extract of stem of Argyreia speciosa Sweet (A. speciosa) in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Materials and method: The blood glucose levels were measured at 0 h and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h after the treatment. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in normal, diabetic control, plant extract treated normal and diabetic groups and tolbutamide also treated normal and diabetic groups. Results: The alcoholic extract of A. speciosa showed significant (P<0.05) dose dependent percentage blood glucose reduction in normal (26.42% at 250 mg/kg, 28.50% at 500 mg/kg and 34.25% at 750 mg/kg body weight) and in diabetic rats (24.72% at 250 mg/kg, 31.10% at 500 mg/kg and 40.47% at 750 mg/ kg body weight) respectively at 8 h. Conclusion: The hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of A. speciosa was compared with the reference standard drug tolbutamide (40 mg/kg).

Keywords

Argyreia speciosa, Diabetes, Tolbutamide

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R. Indira Iyer ¹, G. Jayaraman ¹, A. Ramesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics, Dr. A.L.Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras (Taramani Campus), Chennai-600113, IN

Abstract

The in vitro production of phytochemicals by the embryogenic cultures of nutmeg- Myristica fragrans Houtt., a tropical tree of considerable commercial and medicinal value, was investigated. The regeneration potential of the somatic embryos and the morphogenetic responses of foliar explants were also studied. The metabolite profiling of the long term embryogenic cultures established from zygotic embryos in media with activated charcoal, revealed the presence of several monoterpenes and essential oils including α&β-pinene, myristicin, safrole, methyl eugenol and betasitosterol. The essential oil profile varied with the age of the cultures and the 3 week old cultures had a rich variety of monoterpenes. The spent charcoal medium of these embryogenic cultures exhibited strong anti-microbial activity against the pathogens Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. This is considered to be the first report of in vitro production of phytochemicals by the embryogenic mass. The results obtained in this study suggest that both the embryogenic cultures and the spent charcoal medium can act as sources of products of pharmacological interest and provide a basis for further biotechnological investigations of this rare, medicinally important species and for conservation of its germplasm by cryopreservation. Germination of somatic embryos derived from zygotic embryos was achieved in media with NAA. Direct formation of somatic embryos was achieved in leaf explants from juvenile plants in MS media with kinetin, 2,4-D and NAA.

Keywords

Embryogenic, Myristicin, Safrole, Antimicrobial, Tissue Culture, Medicinal Plant

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R. Indira Iyer ¹, G. Jayaraman ¹, A. Ramesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Genetics, Dr. A.L.Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras (Taramani Campus), Chennai-600113, IN

Abstract

Direct somatic embryogenesis was obtained from intact and fragmented zygotic embryos of Myristica malabarica, an endemic, threatened medicinal species of Western Ghats of Southern India while cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium containing activated charcoal. In the absence of activated charcoal there was no embryogenic response but only callus formation in zygotic embryos and their fragments. The addition of gibberellic acid resulted in the emergence of shoot from the somatic embryos. The various developmental stages of somatic embryos were examined using scanning electron microscope. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of compounds similar to lignans in the embryogenic mass. GC-MS analysis of the embryogenic mass revealed the presence of several compounds of potential clinical value including malabaricone A , α- spinasterol and γ- sitosterol. The spent medium showed strong anti-bacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results are significant since this is the first report of tissue culture and induction of somatic embryogenesis in Myristica malabarica. The embryogenic culture system is potentially useful for efficient and consistent production of bioactive compounds and also has strong implications for conservation of its valuable germplasm.

Keywords

Myristica malabarica, Activated Charcoal, Somatic Embryogenesis, Lignan

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A. Ramesh ¹, G. Madhu ¹, P. A. Soloman ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Safety and Fire Engineering, School of Engineering, CUSAT Cochin
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Govt Engineering College, Thrissur

Abstract

The data of cement production, clinker production and thermal and electrical energy consumption of the selected cement industries in India were collected for the period 2001-2010. It was found that the cement production rate increases every year and thus the related CO₂ emissions. A system dynamic model was developed in order to predict the CO₂ emissions based on data collected from the selected cement industries. Finally, the model was modified and applied to the projection of cement production and associated CO₂ emissions in India up to 2030 starting from 2010 as base year. This modified model was run under three scenarios; such as baseline scenario, scenario-1(S1) and scenario-2(S2). Energy conservation policy was also incorporated in the model to estimate the future CO₂ emissions reduction

Keywords

Cement Production, System Dynamic Model, CO₂ Emission

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A. Ramesh ¹, G. Madhu ¹, B. Deepak ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Safety and Fire Engineering, School of Engineering, CUSAT Cochin, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, IN

Abstract

The CO₂ emission from Indian cement industries shows a continuous rising trend due to increase in the production. Based on the specific thermal energy consumption in the Indian Cement industries they are classified as class A, Class B and Class C in three categories. For each class a complete decomposition analysis is used to evaluate the relative contribution of components such as pollution effect, energy intensity effect, structural effect and activity effect for the changes in energy induced CO₂ emissions. The result shows that the pollution effect, energy intensity effect were increasing and decreasing trends respectively for class A industries for the period compare to class B and C. This is due to effective fuel conversion process to reduce the amount of fuel consumed and associated CO₂ emission in the class A industries. The structural share of Class A industries has shown a decreasing trend for the entire time period due to higher rate of production compared to class B and C. However activation coefficient of all the above industries shows a positive trend for the entire period. This represents due to increase in demand of cement, CO₂ emission of the Cement industries continuously increasing during the period. So the CO₂ emission in Indian cement sector can be effectively controlled by concentrating on intensity effect and pollution co efficient effect.

Keywords

Decomposition, Pollution Effect, Energy Intensity Effect, Structural Effect, Activity Effect

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A. Ramesh ¹, S. Sreenivasa Murthy ², P. Vijaya Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Vignana Jyothi Insitutute of Management, Hyderabad, IN
2 Institute of Public Enterprise, Hyderabad, IN
3 School of Management Studies, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Life insurance is one of the popular financial services in India as life insurance premium, is used for income tax deduction under instruments under 80 CC of the Income Tax Act by tax assesses. Life insurance is one of the largest and fastest growing service industries in India. New products like ULIP (Unit Linked Insurance Polices) and use of internet technology and reintermediation have changed the dynamics of the life insurance industry. Life insurance accounted for 19.0% of the total household financial assets in India of INR 12, 356 billion in the financial year 2014-15. To boost the household savings, government has hiked the exemption limit by individuals in financial instruments from Rs. 1 lakh to Rs. 1.5 lakh. Post-liberalization of life insurance industry, old and well established public sector giant Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is the market leader. There are numerous studies done to assess demographic variables association with the life insurance purchase but studies associated with policy preferences using multivariate analysis have been sparse. The current study makes modest attempts to fill the gap by assessing the life insurance policy preferences towards LIC using conjoint analysis based on decompositional approach and discusses the managerial implications.

Keywords

Life Insurance, Conjoint Analysis, Preferences.

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Saikrishna Reddy ¹, Akshaya Reddy ¹, Pranitha ¹, Sravani ¹, K. V. M. Krishna ¹, A. Ramesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Telangana, IN

Abstract

A cream is a topical preparation usually for application to the skin. Creams for application to mucus membranes such as those of the rectum or vagina are also used. Creams may be considered pharmaceutical products as even cosmetic creams are based on techniques developed by pharmacy and unmedicated creams are highly used in a variety of skin situation (dermatoses). The use of the Finger tip unit concept may be helpful in guiding how much topical cream is necessary to cover different areas. Creams are semi-solid emulsions, that is mixtures of oil and water. They are divided into two types: oil-in-water (O/W) creams which are composed of small droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous phase, and water-in-oil (W/O) creams which are composed of small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous oily phase. Oil-in-water creams are more comfortable and cosmetically suitable as they are less greasy and more easily washed off using water. Water-in-oil creams are more difficult to handle but many drugs which are integrated into creams are hydrophobic and will be released more readily from a water- in-oil cream than an oil-in-water cream. Water-in-oil creams are also more moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier which reduces water loss from the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. Creams can be used for administering drugs via the vaginal route. Creams are used to help sun burns Composition: There are four main ingredients of the cream 1: Water 2: Oil 3: Emulsifier 4: Thickening agent.

Keywords

Cream, Topical Application.

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P. T. Sowmya , G.K. Mahadevraju , A. Ramesh , V. Sreenivas

Abstract

Chromium is one of the heavy metal coming from various industries having high toxicity. The compounds of chromium especially Cr (VI) are known to be detrimental to human beings and animals. Extensive chemical analysis was done to detoxify Cr (VI) by reducing it to Cr (III) by using reducing agents such as ferrous sulphate and sodium metabisulphite, and the precipitation of chromium hydroxide by addition of base. Also experiments were conducted to study the effect of reduction time and pH on the reduction of chromium for various reducing agents.  In this  work, hexavalent chromium is removed by reduction and precipitation reaction, by using Ferrous sulphate ( FeSO₄) and Sodium metabisulphite ( Na₂S₂O₅) as reducing agents to convert Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and Calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)₂), Sodium hydroxide ( NaOH) and combination of Calcium hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide are used as precipitating agents to precipitate Cr(III) as hydroxides. The reduction reaction is conducted at low pH (<3) and precipitation reaction is carried out high pH (>8). Because hexavalent chromium is stable under oxidizing conditions, whereas trivalent chromium is stable under reducing conditions. The purpose of this work is to compare the effect of chemicals in the reduction and precipitation reactions of waste water on pH values.

Keywords

Chromium removal, Reducing agents, Precipitating agents, Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) ,Trivalent chromium Cr(III), Industrial waste water

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V. Uma Rani ¹, M. Sudhakar ¹, A. Ramesh ²

Affiliations
1 Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Affiliated to Osmania University, Telangana, IN
2 Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Telangana, IN

Abstract

Pueraria tuberose Linn. is an inexpensive and efficient source to provide all the required nutrients and medicinal benefits for a healthy and rejuvenating body. The present investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the role of Pueraria tuberosa Linn. in modifying the sodium arsenate induced biochemical alterations in albino rats. Administration of sodium arsenate in rats induces oxidative stress, which leads to the generation of free radicals in the body. These free radicals interact with tissue leading to tissue damage i.e, kidney damage. Animals were divided into 6 groups, Group I (control group) rats were treated with normal saline (1mg/kg), Group II ( Positive Control) rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg).Group III rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg) and Vitamin E (100 mg/kg).Group IV rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg) and Pueraria tuberosa linn. extract (50 mg/kg), Group V rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg) and Pueraria tuberosa linn. extract (100 mg/kg) , Group VI rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg) and hydroalcoholic extract of Pueraria tuberose linn (200mg/kg). After 21 days treatment, blood samples were collected and analyzed for the serum parameters viz BUN test, serum calcium test, serum iron test, Acid phosphatase test, Creatinine test. Antioxidant parameters like Malondialdehyde, catalase, Reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase were estimated. The kidney is removed and sectioned for histopathological examination. The hydroalcoholic extract of Pueraria tuberosa linn (tuber) inhibits the oxidative stress hypothesis mechanism. It was concluded that the extract of Pueraria tuberose linn (tuber) exerts nephroprotective activity could be attributed by presence of natural antioxidants, free radical scavenging.

Keywords

Sodium Arsenate, Nephrotoxicity, Blood Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Kidney Ctamases.

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M. Kamalesh ¹, P. Karthick ¹, A. Ramesh ¹, M. Velliappan ¹, C. Mythili ¹

Affiliations
1 no, IN

Abstract

-Safety plays a major role in today’s world. Safety plays a major role in today’s world and it is necessary that good safety systems are to be implemented in places of education and work. This work modifies the existing safety model installed in industries and this system also be used in homes and offices. The main objective of the work is designing microcontroller based toxic gas detecting and alerting system. The hazardous gases like LPG, propane ammonia were sensed and displayed each and every second in the LCD display. If these gases exceed the normal level then an alarm is generated immediately and also an alert message (SMS) is sent to the authorized person through the GSM and app notification The advantage of this automated detection and alerting system over the manual method is that it offers quick response time and accurate detection of an emergency and in turn leading faster diffusion of the critical situation.

Keywords

The system also supports to provide real-time monitoring of concentration of the gases which presents in the air. As this method is automatic .

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