Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Thakur ¹, A. Pal ¹, R. C. Negi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother & Child, Shimla, IN
2 Department of Gastroenterology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother & Child, Shimla, IN

Abstract

In a 2 year period, 18 pregnant women with jaundice were admitted from March 2008 to March 2010 to study the maternal and foetal outcome. 50% of women were unbooked, 33% were referred cases, and 72% were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Serum bilirubin was > 5 mg% in 38.8% of women. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase were raised in a majority of women. Out of 18 women 15(83.3%) delivered, 2 (11.1%) remained undelivered and 1 (5.5%) women aborted, 72% of women delivered vaginally. Maternal mortality was 22.2%. Cause of death was hepatic encephalopathy with renal failure in 16.6% of the women and hepatic encephalopathy with renal failure with severe anaemia with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) in 5.5% of women. Perinatal mortality was 27%, all stillbirths. Jaundice in pregnancy is an important medical disorder requiring early diagnosis and management.

Keywords

Jaundice, Viral Hepatitis, Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy, Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP).

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A. Pal ¹, M. S. Mondal ¹, P. K. Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 University of Burdwan, Burdwan, IN

Abstract

Pollen morphology of 10 species and 2 varieties of Rhamnacequs taxa belonging to all the four tribes have been worked out. Pollen morphology of the family shows a tendency of evolution from basic morphoforms to the derived ones. Pollen grains of all the taxa investigated have been found to possess triangular or sub-triangular amb with three equatorial apertures situated at the angles (angulo aperturate). In Ziziphus xylopyrus the pollen grains are pororate and in rest nine species those are colporate with circular or lalongate endoapertures. Exinc ornamentation shows a gradual tendency from granulose to rugulo-reticulate or reticulate pattern. Palynological features have been evaluated in understanding the taxonomy of the family.

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D. Biswas ¹, S. Biswas ², P. P. Sarkar ², D. Sarkar ², S. Banerjee ¹, A. Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 Academy of Technology, Hoogly – 712121, West Bengal, IN
2 USIC, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia – 741235, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

This paper is based on a comparative study between different watermarking techniques such as LSB hiding algorithm, (2, 2) visual cryptography based watermarking for color images [3,4] and Randomized LSB-MSB hiding algorithm [1]. Here, we embed the secret image in a host or original image, by using these bit-wise pixel manipulation algorithms. This is followed by a comparative study of the resultant images through Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) calculation. The property wise variation of different types of secret images that are embedded into the host image plays an important role in this context. The calculation of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio is done for different color levels (red, green, blue) and also for their equivalent gray level images. From the results, we are trying to predict which technique is more suitable to which type of secret image.

Keywords

Steganography, Visual Cryptography, Watermarking, LSB Hiding, PSNR.

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