Informatics Publishing Limited

J. k. Jena ¹, A. Natarajan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (KARNATAKA), IN
2 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Center, Hebbal, Bengaluru (KARNATAKA), IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Cauvery Command Area, Alkali Soil, Imageries

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Rajendra Hegde ¹, A. Natarajan ¹, R. S. Meena ², K. V. Niranjana ¹, S. Thayalan ¹, S. K. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR), Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR), Udaipur, Rajastan 313 001, IN
3 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR), Amravathi Road, Nagpur 440 033, IN

Abstract

Of late, the crop productivity levels in many irrigated command areas have plateaued or started declining rapidly due to the deterioration of soil health. Unscientific and excessive irrigation, growing crops not compatible with the soils and unscientific management of soils are the main causes for the present situation. Waterlogging, increased salinity/sodicity, nutrient imbalance, shrinking diversity of micro-flora and fauna have become major constraints limiting the choice of crop and crop productivity. We present a study on this issue from the Cauvery command area. Detailed cadastral-level survey taken up to study the status of soil and other resources occurring in Chikkarasinakere block of Mandya district, Karnataka during 2010 has brought out the alarming state of land degradation observed in the area. Nearly 59% of the area is suffering from various degrees of chemical and physical degradation. The situation becomes alarming because the area had well-drained red soils highly suitable for irrigated agriculture when irrigation was introduced during 1930s. The process of degradation will accelerate if appropriate interventions/investments are not undertaken on priority. Continuation of present management practices can rapidly damage the soil health. As the command area is one of the important rice bowls of Karnataka, there is an urgent need to reverse the process of degradation by adopting site-specific interventions as indicated in the study. The present study reveals that the Cauvery command are in Karnataka is losing Rs 1000 crores every year due to this problem.

Keywords

Crop Productivity, Irrigated Command Area, Nutrient Imbalance, Land Degradation, Soil Salinity/Alkalinity.

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L. C. Siddanna Gowd ¹, A. Natarajan ¹, M. Manikandan ¹, R. Pavendiran ¹

Affiliations
1 ECE Department, AMS Engineering College, T.N, IN

Abstract

The use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver has been proposed as one of the best way to provide both an increase in reliability and also in information transmission rate. In this paper, the importance of the quantity and quality of the channel state information available at the communication ends is explored so as to achieve high data rates. The different architectures for various degrees of quality and quantity of CSI are studied in this work. The presented architectures are shown to be robust to the uncertainties of CSI. The main focus of this work is to dynamically provide resource allocation so as to achieve better QoS and improve system capacity.

Keywords

Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Channel Side Information (CSI).

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V. Vidya Devi ¹, L. C. Siddanna Gowd ², A. Natarajan ³, Guru Kumar Lokku ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, A.M.S. Engineering College, T.N., IN
2 ECE Department, A.M.S Engineering College, T.N., IN
3 A.M.S Engineering College, T.N., IN
4 VLSI Design, Department of ECE, A.M.S Engineering College, T.N., IN

Abstract

A probabilistic estimation bias (PEB) circuit for a fixed-width two’s complement Booth multiplier is proposed for Low Power and High accuracy. The proposed PEB circuit is derived from theoretical computation, instead of exhaustive simulations and heuristic compensation strategies that tend to introduce curve-fitting errors (interpolation) and exponential-grown simulation time. Consequently, the proposed PEB circuit provides a smaller area and a lower truncation error compared with existing works such as posttruncation and pre-truncation methodologies in Booth Multiplication. Implemented in an 8×8 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) core, the DCT core using the proposed PEB Booth multiplier improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio by 17 dB with only a 2% area penalty compared with the direct-truncated method. This PEB circuit also provides extensive applications in digital designs. PEB circuit are more easier to design and can achieve good simulation time in doing computations in higher order bits.

Keywords

Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Estimation Theory, Fixed-Width Booth Multiplier, Probabilistic Analysis.

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K. Rajan ¹, A. Natarajan ², V. Kasthuri Thilagam ¹, K. S. Anil Kumar ², D. Dinesh ¹, N. M. Alam ³, O. P. S. Khola ¹, R. C. Gowda ⁴

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam 643 004, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 195, IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru 560 065, IN

Abstract

Effect of sodicity on clay dispersion in salt-affected black soils of the Kabini canal command area in Chamrajnagar district, southern Karnataka was studied. Forty-eight soil samples were collected from nine soil profiles and analysed for physical and chemical properties. The clay dispersion ranged from 0.57% to 62.1%. High positive and negative correlations with exchangeable sodium and exchangeable calcium respectively, with clay dispersion were recorded, which can be predicted better with exchangeable sodium and available soil water. Based on clay dispersion value, 2%, 27% and 71% soils are dispersive, intermediate dispersive and non-dispersive respectively. Based on exchangeable sodium percentage, 50, 21 and 29 soils are dispersive, intermediate dispersive and nondispersive respectively. Application of gypsum and organics reduces the clay dispersion in surface soil. Sub-surface drainage will be more effective. Construction of soil and water conservation structures with pile foundation; providing cement lining for soil stabilization in normal construction; providing drainage lines for the structures; construction after refilling with non-dispersive soil will save the structures in salt-affected soils.

Keywords

Clay Dispersion, Sodicity, Sub-Surface Effect, Surface Effect.

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M. Ravindranaik ¹, V. Siva Parvathi ², K. S. Anilkumar ³, A. Natarajan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (A.P.), IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Science and Land Use Planning, R.C. Bengaluru, IN

Abstract

The process of land suitability classification is the appraisal and grouping of specific areas of land in terms of their suitability for defined uses. an investigation was carried out for. To evaluate the soils of the micro watershed for land suitability for important crops like ragi, wheat, maize, Bengal gram and cotton. All soils are highly suitable for ragi crop, marginally suitable for Bengal gram, moderately suitable for maize crop and moderately suitable for cotton crop. The land suitability classes in the study area for ragi, Bengal gram, maize and cotton viz., S₁, S₃, S₂ and S₂, respectively.

Keywords

Land Suitability, Watershed, Pedons.

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