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Josephrajkumar, A.
- Non-Native Neotropical Nesting Whitefly, Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino on Coconut Palms in India and its Co-Existence with Bondar’s Nesting Whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi
Abstract Views :226 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
Chandrika Mohan
1,
A. Josephrajkumar
1,
Merin Babu
1,
Arya Krishna
1,
P. S. Prathibha
2,
V. Krishnakumar
1,
Vinayaka Hegde
2
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Kayamkulam 690 533, IN
2 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, IN
1 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Kayamkulam 690 533, IN
2 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 515-519Abstract
Field occurrence of the exotic neotropical nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino in association with Bondar’s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi on coconut leaflets is reported from Kerala, India. These coconut palms were previously infested by the rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, which was reported from Kerala and Tamil Nadu during 2016. P. minei closely resembles P. bondari, but is devoid of the oblique grey bands on the wings and it constructs loosely woven, woolly wax nests. Female P. minei are white, but males are smoky grey. Cockhead-like male aedeagus with two thin appendixes projected downwards is the unique feature for species-level identification of P. minei. Detection of three non-native whiteflies of neotropical origin infesting coconut palms in India within a span of two years suggests their simultaneous introduction. Invasive potential of P. minei due to its polyphagous nature and short lifecycle calls upon strict policy frameworks in exchange of planting materials. Domestic quarantine should be strictly enforced in the country to avoid spread of this pest to other coconut-growing regions.Keywords
Biosecurity, Coconut Palms, Neotropical Nesting Whitefly, Quarantine, Rugose Spiralling Whitefly.Full Text
References
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- Chandrika, M., Josephrajkumar, A., Singh, L. S. and Das, A., New distributional record of rugose spiralling whitefly on coconut in Kamrup and Nalbari districts of Assam. Indian Coconut J., 2018, 61, 19–21.
- Josephrajkumar, A. et al., Discovery of a sooty mould scavenging beetle, Leiochrinus nilgirianus Kaszab (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on coconut palms infested by the invasive rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Phytoparasitica, 2018, doi:10.1007/s12600-017-0635-5.
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- Modulation in Activity Profiles in Insecticide-Resistant Population of Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera Litura (Fabricius)
Abstract Views :164 |
PDF Views:69
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram 695 522, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram 695 522, IN
3 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kayankulam 690 533, IN
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram 695 522, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram 695 522, IN
3 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kayankulam 690 533, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 664-669Abstract
Activity spectrum of detoxification enzymes was systematically assessed in tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura collected from four locations in Kerala, India, to decipher the mechanism of insecticide resistance. Using the susceptible check ICAR-NBAIR strain, specific activity profiles of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) were found to be 16.16-, 10.71- and 4.88-fold higher in the Kovilnada, Palappur and Kanjikuzhi populations respectively. Specific activities of mixed function oxidase (MFO) were also found to be 19.24-, 17.11-, 6.08-fold higher in the same populations respectively, indicating the predominance of AChE and MFO towards imparting resistance. Carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathion-S-transferase (GST) specific activity profiles were 3.62- and 3.37-fold higher in the Kovilnada population, followed by 2.89- and 2.98-fold higher in the Palappur population and as 2.10- and 1.15-fold higher in the Kanjikuzhi population, indicating their partial role in resistance development. Suppression of specific activities in synergism bioassays with AChE in chlorpyriphos + TPP treatment (9.32-fold), GST in chlorpyriphos + DEM (4.78-fold) and CarE in quinalphos + TPP (5.15-fold) highlighted the involvement of multiple detoxification enzymes conferring resistance to organophosphates. Reduced activity of MFO in case of lambda-cyhalothrin + PBO (5.35-fold), CarE in case of cypermethrin + TPP (7.36-fold) and 3.60-fold reduction in MFO in case of cypermethrin + PBO highlighted the role of esterases and MFOs towards resistance development against synthetic pyrethroids.Keywords
Detoxification Enzymes, Insecticide Resistance, Spodoptera litura, Synergists.Full Text
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- Diagnosis of Invasive Whitefly Species Co-Occurring On Coconut
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PDF Views:81
Authors
A. Josephrajkumar
1,
Chandrika Mohan
1,
Merin Babu
1,
P. S. Prathibha
2,
Vinayaka Hegde
2,
V. Krishnakumar
1
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Kayamkulam 690 533, IN
2 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, IN
1 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Kayamkulam 690 533, IN
2 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 7 (2020), Pagination: 1101-1105Abstract
As many as four exotic whiteflies of Neotropical origin have been reported from different coconut-growing regions in India in rapid succession in the last four years. The spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell was the earliest reported invasive species on coconut from Kerala in 1996. The rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin was first reported in 2016 followed by three species (Paraleyrodes bondari, Paraleyrodes minei and Aleurotrachelus atratus) in 2019. At present, all are found to coexist on coconut in South India. In such combined incidences, one species occupies the breeding and feeding niche of another under optimum weather parameters and attempts to displace one or more of its competitors. The Bondar’s nesting whitefly, P. bondari is associated with rugose spiralling whitefly in most districts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, whereas the nesting whitefly P. minei is interlinked with A. rugioperculatus in Kasaragod, Kerala, and also found to co-occur with the palm whitefly, A. atratus in Mandya, Karnataka. In Kayamkulam, Kerala, P. bondari, P. minei and A. rugioperculatus co-lived for a brief period during 2018. Due to the incursion and subsequent coexistence of these exotic whiteflies which share more or less the same niche with similar habits on coconut, it is imperative to identify them correctly for carrying out further studies on their bioecology, population dynamics and management. Hence an illustrated diagnostic account of these exotic whiteflies is given here to facilitate their visual identification by economic entomologists and field workers. The COI sequences of these exotic whiteflies are also given to enable rapid confirmation of the field diagnosis.Keywords
Bioinvasion, Coconut, Coexistence, Exotic Whiteflies, Field Diagnosis.Full Text
References
- Mohan Chandrika, Josephrajkumar, A., Singh, L. S. and Das Alpana, New distributional record of rugose spiralling whitefly on coconut in Kamrup and Nalbari districts of Assam. Indian Coconut J., 2018, 61(4), 19–21.
- Josephrajkumar, A. et al., Discovery of a sooty mould scavenging beetle, Leiochrinus nilgirianus Kaszab (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on coconut palms infested by the invasive rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Phytoparasitica, 2018, 46(1), 57–61; doi:10.1007/s12600-017-0635-5.
- Josephrajkumar, A., Mohan Chandrika, Prathibha, P. S., Rajkumar, Nalinakumari, T. and Nair, C. P. R., Pest dynamics and suppression strategies. In The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera Linn.) – Research and Development Perspectives (eds Nampoothiri, K. U. K. et al.), Springer Nature, Singapore, 2018, pp. 557–634.
- Josephrajkumar, A., Mohan Chandrika, Babu Merin, Krishna Arya, Krishnakumar, V., Hegde Vinayaka and Chowdappa, P., First record of the invasive Bondar’s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi on coconut from India. Phytoparasitica, 2019, 47(3), 333–339; doi.org/10.1007/s12600-019-00741-2.
- Mohan Chandrika, Josephrajkumar, A., Babu Merin, Krishna Arya, Prathibha, P. S., Krishnakumar, V. and Hegde Vinayaka, Non-native Neotropical nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino on coconut palms in India and its co-existence with Bondar’s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi. Curr. Sci., 2019, 117(3), 515–519; doi:10.18520/cs/v117/i3/515-519.
- Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. and Vrijenhoek, R., DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol., 1994, 3(5), 294–299.
- Sambrook, J. and Russell, D. W., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, USA, 2001, 3rd edn.
- Sujithra, M., Rajkumar, Prathibha, V. H., Hegde Vinayaka and Poorani, J., Occurrence of nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in India. Indian J. Entomol., 2019, 81(3), 507–510.
- Dickey, A. M., Stocks, I. C., Smith, T., Osborne, L. and McKenzie, C. L., DNA barcode development for three recent exotic whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) invaders in Florida. Fla. Entomol., 2015, 9, 473–478.
- Kalaitzaki, A. P., Tasgkarakis, A. E. and Ilias, A., First record of nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes minei, in Greece. Entomol. Hellen, 2016, 25, 16–21.
- Martin, J. H., Whiteflies of Belize (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera). Part I – Introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance & Baker. Zootaxa, 2004, 681, 1–113.
- Martin, J. H., Mifsud, D. and Rapisarda, C., The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Bull. Entomol. Res., 2000, 90, 407–448.
- Shanas, S., Job Joseph, Joseph Tom and Anju Krishnan, G., First report of the invasive rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from the Old World. Entomon, 2016, 41(4), 365–368.
- Sundararaj, R. and Selvaraj, K., Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): a potential threat to coconut in India. Phytoparasitica, 2017, 45(1), 71–74; doi:10.1007/s12600-017-0567-0.
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- Ecofriendly Management of Rugose Spiralling Whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin Infesting Coconut
Abstract Views :93 |
PDF Views:53
Authors
M. Alagar
1,
V. Sivakumar
1,
S. Praneetha
1,
S. Chinnadurai
1,
A. Josephrajkumar
2,
H. P. Maheswarappa
3
Affiliations
1 Coconut Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aliyarnagar 642101, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Kayamkulam 690533, Kerala, IN
3 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, IN
1 Coconut Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aliyarnagar 642101, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Kayamkulam 690533, Kerala, IN
3 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Entomology, Vol 84, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 562-566Abstract
Studies were conducted on the incidence, intensity of infestation, infestation grade index and natural enemy complex of rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW) Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin infesting coconut palms so as to evolve ecofriendly IPM. RSW incidence was at peak in June 2018 (38.3%), subsequently declined in December 2018 (20.5%), but later attained peak again in March 2019 (47.5%). The pest intensity also showed increasing trend from January 2018 to June 2019. The mean intensity of infestation and infestation grade index were 29.5% and 1.5 (medium), respectively in 2018-2019. The incidence and intensity significantly reduced from 75.5 to 37.7% and 85.7 to 42.9%, respectively on palms treated with ecofriendly IPM practices in 2018-19. Nut yield and net return were also found more in synergy with maximum parasitism (78.5%) by the aphelinid parasitoid Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani observed on palms treated with ecofriendly IPM practices.Keywords
Coconut, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, seasonal incidence, intensity, infestation grade index, IPM, biological pest suppression, Encarsia guadeloupae, parasitism, ecofriendly IPMFull Text
References
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- Srinivasan T, Saravanan P A, Josephrajkumar A, Rajamanickam K, Sridharan S, David P M M, Natarajan N, Shoba N. 2016. Invasive of the rugose spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus (Martin) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Pollachi tract of Tamil Nadu, India. The Madras Agricultural Journal 103(10-12): 349-353.
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- Sundararaj R, Selvaraj K. 2017. Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus (Martin) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): a potential threat to coconut in India. Phytoparasitica 45: 71-74.