Informatics Publishing Limited

A. K. Goel , S. K. Mamgain

Abstract

Plant diversity in Indian subcontinent is under threat mainly due to human activities and reproductive isolation of the species. It is estimated that 15-20 per cent of our vascular flora i.e. about 2,500 species of plants are under various degrees of threat of which about 1,000 species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the country. The increasing loss of plant diversity has turned the attention of various agencies to take the immediate conservation measures and save it from further depletion and extinction. Besides protection of species in-situ, the off-site (ex-situ) conservation of species particularly of those which are rare and endangered, has become an important tool for conservation of biological diversity. Considering the urgency for conservation of plant diversity we have taken up the task of ex-situ conservation of some tropical and subtropical threatened plant species of India in the N.B.R.I. Botanic Garden. The main aim of this work is to acclimatise, cultivate, propagate and multiply such taxa under ex-situ condition and subsequently reintroduce them to natural or semi-natural habitats together with maintenance of the species ex-situ in the botanic garden.

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P. K. Srivastava , A. A. Siddiqui , A. K. Goel

Abstract

Half sib seedlings belonging to 24 Terminalia arjunatrees located in M. P., Orissa and Bihar were quantitatively measured for leaf and height characters to assess variability and superiority in the seedlings. High heritability, high genetic advance and high genetic coefficient of variation were found for seedling height which indicates additive gene action for this character where as low GCV, low genetic advance and high heritability were noted for remaining leaf characters suggesting thereby intra and inter-allelic interaction for leaf characters. The O1, 02 and N4 have been found to be best performers in the descending order followed by D, Ds1, Nl, Ds4, N3, B1 and B2.

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R. K. Naik ¹, R. C. Dash ¹, A. K. Goel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar Odisha, IN

Abstract

The mechanical properties of sisal leaf (A.sisalana) relevant to leaf harvesting and fibre extraction were determined. Measurements of leaf bending resistance, friction coefficients and mass distribution were made to get information for designing of leaf handling equipment. The leaf cross- sectional area at 7 cm from butt-end was 11.65 cm2. Fibre content of leave varied from 3.0 - 4.0 % of fresh green leaf weight. The mean fibre bundle strength was 32.31 g/tex and fibre fineness was 4.92. The coefficient of friction of sisal leaf was lowest on mild steel surface for tilting panel test (0.054) as well as for horizontal test surface (0.464).

Keywords

Extraction, Fibre, Harvest, Physical Properties, Sisal

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A. K. Goel ¹, M. K. Vasudeva Rao ², B. N. Mehrotra ¹

Affiliations
1 Botany Division, Central Durg Research lnstitute, Lucknow, IN
2 Botanical Survey of India, Port Blair, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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P. Misra ¹, D. K. Purshottam ¹, A. K. Goel ¹, C. S. Nautiyal ¹

Affiliations
1 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, IN

Abstract

Welwitschia mirabilis is a phylogenetically important primitive gymnosperm of the monogeneric family Welwitschiaceae. The plant is unique in appearance, having only two leaves throughout its life span. It is a long-lived, slow growing plant and could prove as an excellent experimental material for the study of antiageing gene. Because of non-availability of plant material and the intractable nature of the plant, limited tissue culture work has been conducted. In the present study, callus was induced from mature leaf-tip explants from a 26-year-old plant. The induced callus grows at a comparatively faster pace. Although successful induction of organized shiny and smooth, globular structures were observed, no shoots had developed in the callus.

Keywords

Callus Induction, Leaf-Tip Explants, Living Fossil, Welwitschia mirabilis.

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Parveen Bajaj ¹, A. K. Goel ², Harbhajan Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IKGPTU, Near Pushpa Gujral Science City, Ibban, Distt. Kapurthala, Kapurthala - 144603, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University, Dabwali Road, Bathinda - 151001, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SSIET, Saraswati Vihar, Mohali, Dera Bassi - 140507,Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper proposed a new method for performance enhancement of Optical Add or Drop Multiplexer (OADM) with the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) based on the artificial intelligence. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The FF-NN is trained and tested in the MATLAB platform from the parameters obtained from simulation. The NN is trained for 70 signals with different number of channels and with different data rates as well as it is tested with 30 signals. The classification of the signals to be added or dropped is determined by the FF-NN. The DWDM network is initially modeled with the OptiSystem software tool with different number of channels with different data rates and channel spacing. Findings: The parameters BER, OSNR, Jitter and Chromatic Dispersion have been calculated. The training and testing of the neural network is carried out on the MATLAB platform and based on this, the signal will add/drop or allow the signal to pass. The result shows that the proposed method achieves the accuracy of 97.28% on classifying the signals to be dropped from the fiber or passed through it without any interruption regarding its ability to make the transmission with minimum error. The performance of the proposed method is also analyzed in terms of Transmitted & Received Signal Power and compared with the conventional OADM system with multiple filters. Applications/Improvements: The proposed method offers a viable solution to increase the performance of OADM with the DWDM. The improvement includes the use of hybrid algorithms, to further increase the performance.

Keywords

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network, Fiber Bragg Grating, Optical Multiplexer, Performance Enhancement, Signal Power.

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Parveen Bajaj ¹, A. K. Goel ², Harbhajan Singh ³, Kamalit Singh Bhatia ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, IKGPTU, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SSIET, Derabassi, Mohali, Punjab, IN
4 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, I.K Gujral Punab Technical University, Batala Campus, IN

Abstract

We have designed an OADM network using Light Runner fiber optic setup and optical spectrum analyzer. The proposed system's parameters are optimized using Artificial Neural Network. Performance of optimized proposed system is evaluated experimentally. The same was carried out using two channels for 1530nm and 1550nm at 50 KHz modulation speed. Results are also validated as per literature.

Keywords

Fiber Bragg Grating, OADM, ANN, Light Runner fiber Optic Setup, WDM.

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Parveen Bajaj ¹, A. K. Goel ², Harbhajan Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, IKGPTU, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SSIET, Derabassi, Mohali, Punjab, IN

Abstract

For greater flexibility and connectivity, optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) with wavelength routing devices and switches play a crucial role in DWDM optical networks. OADM can act as access node (AN) in any DWDM network. They can add or drop signals as per our requirement. A DWDM system is modeled using different number of channels, data rates and spacing between channels in terms of bit error rate (BER), optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), Jitter and Dispersion. These parameters are then optimized and classification of signals analyzed by using Artificial Neural Networks. Comparison was performed between FBG/OADM and OFDM in respect of transmitted and received signal powers.

Keywords

Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network.

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Satish ¹, Rajbir Singh ¹, A. K. Goel ¹, A. K. Saxena ¹

Affiliations
1 LF, HF Impedance and DC Standard, National Physical Laboratory, (CSIR), New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Measurement automation is the essential requirement for metrology at present. It simply eases the measurement procedure and reduces the time to generate report/calibration certificate as well as in establishment of advanced techniques for measurement. Automation improves the measurement uncertainty as it eliminates the human error in measurement. An automation program has been developed for a High Frequency LCR Meter.

Keywords

Automation, LCR Meter, Report Generation, HF Impedance, Uncertainty.

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A. K. Goel ¹, M. K. Paswan ², B. N. Prasad ²

Affiliations
1 Tata Cummins Limited, Telco Township, Jamshedpur-831004, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur-831004, IN

Abstract

Induction hardening is a Localized heat treatment in which the Surface layer is hardened to a certain depth leaving the core of the work unhardened. Heating by high frequency current is accomplished by the thermal effect of the current induced in the workpiece being heated, which is placed in an alternating magnetic field. Present study is conducted to improve the quality by establishing the process parameters of induction hardening to get consistency in case depth. Parameters like quench bath temperature, quench concentration. Flow rate, Inductor-to-Inductor variation. Heating Time & power level was considered for experimentation. It was found that quench bath temperature, flow rate, quench concentration, do not have significant effect on the case depth. Only power level & heating time affect the case depth exponentially.

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A. K. Goel ¹, M. K. Paswan ²

Affiliations
1 Tata Cummins Limited, Telco Township, Jamshedpur- 831004, Jharkhand, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Adityapur, Jamshedpur - 831004, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Fatigue is the progressive, localized, and permanent structural change that occurs in a material subjected to repeated or fluctuating strains at nominal stresses that have maximum values less than the static yield strength of the material. Fatigue may culminate into cracks and cause fracture after a sufficient number of fluctuations.

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