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- Performance Evaluation of Desiccant Seed Dryer for Drying Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-graecum) Seeds
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Renewable & Bioenergy Engineering, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryan, IN
3 Extension Education Institute, Nilokheri, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Processing and Food Engineering COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
5 College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Renewable & Bioenergy Engineering, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryan, IN
3 Extension Education Institute, Nilokheri, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Processing and Food Engineering COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
5 College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
International Journal of Education and Management Studies, Vol 8, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 249-252Abstract
In this study fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds of variety HM-57 were dried in solar regenerated desiccant seed dryer. In this dryer, seeds can be dried in deep bed at a safe temperature for good shelf-life, germination and vigour index. The dryer has following significance over common methods of drying, generally vegetable seeds are dried in shade, which has very low drying rate and can be harmful to the seeds. Under natural drying conditions, micro organisms may develop, as moisture takes longer to be removed. Also in natural drying seeds holds moisture for longer period than advisable, due to this there is acceleration in respiration rate which causes a C02 release and water vapour and causes a significant decrease in physiological quality of seeds. The dryer has two chambers i.e. air conditioning chamber and seed drying chamber. It operates in seed drying and desiccant regeneration mode. Moisture removal from drying air has been done using silica gel desiccant. Fenugreek were dried with hot and dehumidified air at five different drying air temperatures i.e. 3 8, 40,42,44 and 46° C and at five different air flow rates i.e., 1,1.2,1.4,1.6 and 1.8 m3/min.. Germination percentage of fenugreek seeds varied from 78 - 67% as temperature varied between 38-46° C, and vigour index varied from 1349.4 - 911.2. After this study, dryer was found to be better alternative for drying high priced vegetable seeds.Keywords
Desiccant Drying, Germination Percentage, Regeneration, Vigour Index.
References
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- Christinal, V, & Tholkkappian, P. (2012). Seed quality in chilli influenced by the different types of drying methods. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 3(9), 766-770.
- Dhaliwal, S.S., Singh, S., Singh, P.P. (2009). Design and development of compact seed dryer. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 40(4), 75-80.
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- Energy Auditing in a Dairy Farm, School and Temple Complex in Hisar District, Haryana, India
Abstract Views :236 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department ofProeessing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agrieultnral University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Renewable & Bioenergy Engineering, CCS Haryana Agrieultnral University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Proeessing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agrieultnral University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
4 Extension Edueation Institute Nilokheri, IN
5 Department ofProeessing and Food Engineering COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agrieultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Department ofProeessing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agrieultnral University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Renewable & Bioenergy Engineering, CCS Haryana Agrieultnral University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Proeessing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agrieultnral University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
4 Extension Edueation Institute Nilokheri, IN
5 Department ofProeessing and Food Engineering COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agrieultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 9, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 886-891Abstract
In the present study Shri Devi Bhavan Dairy farm Complex was selected for the energy auditing. It consists of three sections (i) Dairy farm, (ii) School, (iii) Temple Complex. The survey was carried out for the basic data collection regarding energy demands and resources availability in all the sections. The data was analyzed for determining total energy demand and resources availability in all sections. The survey of major activities related to use of thermal, electrical, mechanical and human energy was conducted and total energy demand and energy use pattern was also studied in this selected area. The data for energy demands and resource availability in Devi Bhavan Dairy farm Complex were collected with the help of well structured questionnaire developed for the purpose. The type of energy sources utilized in the dairy farm complex was electrical, thermal, mechanical and manual. The electrical energy was the only source of energy used in School and Temple Complex. The value of manual, electrical, thermal and mechanical energy required per month for dairy farm was 5997.6, 1509.2, 27600 and 9540 MJ/Month respectively. In case of school and temple complex demand of electrical energy per month was 2216.16 and 5715.36 MJ/Month respectively.Keywords
Energy Auditing, Electrical Energy, Dairy Farm, School and Temple.References
- Desai, D.D., Raol, J.B., Patel, S., & Chauhan, I. (2013). Application of solar energy for sustainable dairy development. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(4), 131-140. ISSN: 2239-5938.
- Hima, B., Subrahmanyam, D.S. E. V., & Bhat, M. S. (2014). SWOT analysis of dairy industry in India IntemationalJoumal of Scientific Research, 5(1), 249-251. ISSN No 2277 8179.
- Kaur, H., & Kaur, K. (2012). Energy conservation: An effective way of energy utilization. International .Journal of Management in Education (IJMIE), 2(5), 623637. ISSN: 2249-0558.
- Modi, A., & Prajapat, R. (2014). Pasteurization process energy optimization for a milk dairy plant by energy audit approach. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research (IJSTR), 5(6), 181-188. ISSN2277-8616.
- Panchal, M. J., Dwivedi, D.V.V., & Apamathi, R. (2014). The case study of energy conservation and audit in industry sector. International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, 3(4),5298-5303. ISSN:2319-7242.
- Sefeedpari, P. (2012). Assessment and optimization of energy consumption in dairy farm: Energy efficiency. Iranica .Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), 5(3), 213-224. ISSN2079-2115.
- Vijayan, I.N., & Mastorakis, E. (2006). Energy conservation measures in dairy industries. Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS. International Conference on Fluid Mechanics andAerodynamics, Elounda, Greece, pp. 435-444.
- Energetic Analysis of Rice Production:A Case Study of Rohtak District in Haryana
Abstract Views :194 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 12, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 153-156Abstract
Paddy covers approximately 40-45 per cent of the total area covered by cereal crops in India. Rice production needs to be augmented to meet the growing demand. Rice crop cultivated under watery condition either by storing canal water or pumping water or both, by utilizing a lot of electric/diesel energy especially when pumping is carried out. The amount of rice production is a direct function of energy inputs and outputs. The aim of this study was to examine the operation-wise and source-wise energy consumption pattern in rice crop production in western agro-climatic zone of Haryana. The data was collected through a questionnaire by face to face interviews. The amount of energy consumed in seedlings, land development, land preparation, transplanting, irrigation, weeding, fertilizer, harvesting and threshing and transportation were calculated for rice crop cultivation. The energy inputs in seed, human, diesel, electricity, machinery and fertilizer were taken into consideration to determine the source wise energy that was used in rice production. The average energy input of large farmers (LF), marginal farmers (MF) and small farmers (SF) was observed to be 35589.38, 35251.64 and 31432.07 MJ/ha, respectively while output energy was 144730, 166309 and 172180 MJ/ha, respectively. Specific energy of small, medium and large category framers was 4.43, 5.12, and 6.25 MJ/kg, respectively. The result revealed that fertilizer consumed highest energy in case of small farmers and on the other hand electricity consumed the bulk of energy in case of medium and large category of farmer. The result also showed that energy ratio, energy productivity and net energy gain of all category farmers were lie between 3.89 to 4.26, 6.64 to 7.12 kg/MJ and 89236.17 to 94073.10 MJ/ha, respectively.Keywords
Rice, Energy input, Energy Output.References
- Deshmukh, S.C. and Patil, V.A. (2013). Energy conservation and audit. Internat. J. Scientif. & Res. Public., 3(8): 2250-3153.
- Faidley, L.W. (1992). Energy and agriculture. In: R.C. Fluck (Ed), Energy in farm production, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 1-12.
- Gill, K.S. (1994). Sustainability issues related to rice-wheat production system. In: Paroda, R.S., Woodhead, T. and Singh, R.B. (Ed.) Sustainability of rice-wheat production systems in Asia, FAO, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 30-61.
- Gleik, P.H. (1993).Water crisis: A Guide to the world’s Fresh water resources. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment and Security, Stockholm Environment Institute, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 704.
- Harrington, L.W., Fujisaka, S., Morris, M.L., Hobbs, P.R., Sharma, H.C., Singh, R.P., Choudhary, M.K. and Dhiman, S.D. (1993). Wheat and rice in Karnal and Kurukshetra districts, Haryana, India: Farmers' practices, problems and an agenda for action, ICAR, HAU, CIMMYT, Mexico and IRRI Los Barios, The Philippines, pp.44.
- Kizilashan, H. (2009). Input-output analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Applied Energy, 86 : 1354-1358.
- Ladha, J.K., Pathak, H., Padre, A.T., Dawe, D. and Gupta, R.K. (2003). Productivity trends in intensive rice- wheat cropping systems in Asia. In: Ladha, J.K., Hill, J.E., Duxbury, J.M., Gupta, R.K., Buresh, R.J. (Ed.) Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat system, Issues and impacts, ASA Special Publication 65, ASA, CSSA and SSSA, Madison,WI, pp. 45-76.
- Seckler, D. Amarasinghe, U. Molden, D., De Silva R., Barker, R. (1998). World water demand and supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and issues. Research Report 19, Inernational Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 105-107.
- Sharma, H.C., Dhiman,S.D. and Singh, V.P. (1994). Ricewheat cropping system in Haryana: Potential , possibilities and limitations. In: Dhiman,S,D,, Nandal, D.P., Om, H. and Singh,B. (Ed) Proceedings of a symposium on sustainability of rice-wheat system in India, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, India, pp. 27-39.
- Singh, G. (2002). Energy conservation through efficient mechanized farming, Agric. Engg. Today’s, 24 (2) : 351-536.
- Singh, K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. and Ladha, J.K. (2013). Weedy rice: An emerging threat for DSR production systems in India. J. Rice Res., 1: 106.
- Sondhi, S.K., Kaushal, M.P. and Singh, P. (1994). Irrigaton management strategies for rice-wheat cropping system. In: Dhiman,S,D,, Nandal, D.P., Om, H. and Singh,B. (Ed) Proceedings of a symposium on sustainability of rice-wheat system in India, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, India, pp. 95-104.
- Toung, T.P. and Bhuiyan, S.I. (1994). Innovations toward improving wateruse efficiency in rice. Paper presented at the Word Bank’s 1994 Water Resource Seminar, 13-15 December 1994. Virginia, USA.
- WEBLOGRAPHY
- Anonymous (2017). Accessed from agricoop.nic.in. Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmer Welfare.
- Energy use Pattern of Rice Production in Western Agro-Climatic Zone of Haryana
Abstract Views :219 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 12, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 186-190Abstract
Paddy covers approximately 40-45 per cent of the total area covered by cereal crops in India. Rice production needs to be augmented to meet the growing demand. Rice crop cultivated under watery condition either by storing canal water or pumping water or both, by utilizing a lot of electric/diesel energy especially when pumping is carried out. The amount of rice production is a direct function of energy inputs and outputs. The aim of this study was to examine the operation-wise and source-wise energy consumption pattern in rice crop production in western agro-climatic zone of Haryana. The data were collected through a questionnaire by face to face interviews. The amount of energy consumed in seedlings, land development, land preparation, transplanting, irrigation, weeding, fertilizer, harvesting and threshing and transportation were calculated for rice crop cultivation. The energy inputs in seed, human, diesel, electricity, machinery and fertilizer were taken into consideration to determine the source wise energy that was used in rice production. The average energy input of small farmers (SF), marginal farmers (MF) and large farmers (LF) was observed to be 28,238.83, 28,419.00 and 32,051.57 MJ/ha, respectively while output energy was 1,17,475, 1,22,915 and 1,24,900 MJ/ha respectively. Specific energy of large, medium and small category framers were 7.12, 6.48, and 6.44 MJ/ha, respectively. The result revealed that fertilizer, irrigation and electricity consumed the bulk of energy. The result also showed that energy ratio, energy productivity and net energy gain of all category farmers were lie between 3.89 to 4.26, 6.64 to 7.12 kg/MJ and 89236.17 to 94073.10 MJ/ha, respectively. Yield rice grain of large, medium and small category framers were 4500, 4450 and 4250 kg/ha, respectively.Keywords
Rice, Energy Input, Energy Output, Specific Energy.References
- Bockari-Gevao, S. M., Wam Ishak, W. I., Azmin, Y. and Chan, C. W. (2005). Analysis of energy consumption in low land rice-based cropping system of Malaysia. Songklanakarin J. Sci. & Technol., 27(4): 819-826.
- Canakci, M., Topakci, M., Akinci, I. and Ozmerzi, A. (2005). Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production: Case study for Antalya Region, Turkey. Energy Conversion & Mgmt., 46 : 655-666.
- Chaudhary, V.P., Gangwer, B. and Pandey, D. K. (2006). Auditing of energy use and output of difference cropping systems in India. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR e-journal, ManuscriptbEE05 001, 87.
- Deshmukh, S.C. and Patil, V.A. (2013). Energy conservation and audit. Internat. J.Scient. & Res. Public., 3(8): 2250-3153.
- Faidley, L. W. (1992). Energy and agriculture. In: R.C. Fluck (Ed), Energy in farm production, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 1-12.
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- Mandal, K.G., Saha, K.P., Ghosh, P.K. and Hati, K.M. (2002). Bandyopadhyay, Bioenergy and Economic analysis of soybean-based crop production system in central India. Biomass & Bio-energy, 23: 337-345.
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- Singh, G. (2002). Energy conservation through efficient mechanized farming, Agric. Engg. Today’s, 24(2) : 351-536.
- Singh, K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. and Ladha, J.K. (2013). Weedy rice: An emerging threat for DSR production systems in India. J. Rice Res., 1: 106.
- WEBLOGRAPHY
- Anonymous (2017) Accessed from agricoop.nic.in. Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmer Welfare.
- Energy Auditing of Pearl Millet Production System in Dry Land Region of Haryana Agrcultural University in Hisar, India
Abstract Views :220 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 12, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 203-207Abstract
Pearl millet, also known as Bajra is one of the major Kharif food crops of arid and semi-arid cropping region of India. It ranks first under the category of millet in India in terms of area, production and productivity. An on-the-farm evaluation of energy inputs and output was calculated to determine the distribution of main energy sources (i.e. human, fuel, machinery, seed and fertilizer) used in pearl millet cultivation. This study was carried out at dryland farm area, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India. The results indicated that the total input and output energy use was 4785.52 MJ ha-1 and 29400.00 MJ ha-1, respectively. With 56 per cent, the fertilizer had the highest contribution in the energy input followed by diesel fuel (29%) and human (12%). The input-output ratio was observed to be 6.12. The share of indirect energy was found to be higher as compared to direct energy sources.Keywords
Energy Input-output, Energy Ratio, Pearl Millet, Yield.References
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