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Zakkiyatus Zainiyah ¹, Budi Santoso ², Soetjipto ³, Ni Wajan Tirtaningsih ⁴, Harianto Notopuro ³, Aulani ‘am ⁵

Affiliations
1 Doctoral Medical Sciences, Brawijaya University, ID
2 Brawijaya University, ID
3 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Brawijaya University, ID
4 Department of Anatomy and Histology, Brawijaya University, ID
5 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, ID

Abstract

PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome) one of the endocrine disorders most often in women of reproductive age, marked menstrual disorders (amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea), hirsutism, acne, alopecia, biochemical examination results in increased androgen. The high incidence with the same phenotype in family members of PCOS patients shows that genetic factors play a role. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between gene polymorphism INSR and levels SHBG on PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome) in the Madurese tribe.

This study was analytic observational with study design case-control, a sample of 30 patients (PCOS cases) and 30 healthy women (not PCOS) in the Madura Tribe Previously, screening of SGOT, SGPT, BUN, Creatinin and GDA, PCR and RFLP was examined in the INSR gene and examination of SHBG levels by ELISA kit.gene research results INSR have 16.67% TT genotype, 63.33% TC and 20.00% CC, control group has 38.24% TT genotype, TC 44.12% and CC 17.65%, whereas in the case group T 48.33%, C allele 51.67% and control group 56.67% T allele and 43.33% C allele, based onstatistical tests chi-square in the case group and control of both genotypes and alleles there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). This study was first carried out in the Madura Tribe in the INSR gene and in the examination of SHBG levels, the results showed no INSR gene differences between PCOS and healthy women.

Keywords

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), Polymorphism, INSR, SHBG.

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Ni Luh Ayu Megasari ¹, Devi Oktafiani ¹, Elsa Fitriana ¹, Nasronudin ¹, Soetjipto ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Gubeng, Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Introduction: HIV pandemic remains a global health problem. In Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, CRF01_AE dominates the pandemic. WHO recommended viral load test to monitor patient’s response to ART. However, the application of viral load assays are difficult in resource‑limited settings. Several researches suggesting the use of p24 antigen assay as an alternative to viral load test, since the p24 antigen concentration was shown to exhibit linearity towards viral load. Objective: This research aimed to quantify p24 antigen concentration in HIV‑positive patients living in Bali Province, Indonesia. Materials and Method: Fifty plasma samples collected from HIV‑positive patients infected with CRF01_ AE were subjected to standard, non‑modified ELISA to quantify p24 antigen concentration. Results: Detectable p24 antigen concentration was found in 11 samples (22%). Unlike viral load, no correlation found between p24 antigen concentration with ART status and length of therapy (p>0.05). Conclusion: The result suggested that p24 antigen quantification might not always reflect viral load, especially in patients infected with CRF01_AE. Employment of standard ELISA without any modification might be having lower sensitivity in quantifying p24 antigen concentration in HIV‑positive patients, either ART naive or treated patients.

Keywords

HIV‑1, CRF01_AE, p24 antigen, HIV‑positive, Indonesia

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