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Snehmani,
- Observations of Snow-Meteorological Parameters in Gangotri Glacier Region
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PDF Views:95
Authors
Affiliations
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Research and Development Centre, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Research and Development Centre, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 11 (2015), Pagination: 2116-2120Abstract
In this communication analysis of the snow-meteorological parameters recorded in the Gangotri glacier region has been presented. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, snowfall, snow cover thickness, incoming shortwave radiation flux, reflected shortwave radiation flux and albedo have been recorded at 'Bhojbasa' observation station. Meteorological data of 13 years from 2000 to 2012 have been presented for annual and seasonal variations in temperature, snowfall and snow cover thickness. Winter, premonsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon data have been considered for analysis. Annual mean maximum and minimum temperature are 11.1 ± 0.7°C and -2.3 ± 0.4°C respectively. Mean values of these parameters obtained for winter season are 3.0 ± 1.0°C and -10.4 ± 1.3°C respectively. Mean annual snowfall amount is 257.5 ± 81.6 cm and maximum snow cover thickness varies from 42 to 205 cm for different years. Incoming shortwave radiation flux and reflected shortwave radiation flux have been recorded using pyranometer sensor mounted on automatic weather station, and data for 2012 and 2013 are presented. Incoming shortwave radiation flux and total atmospheric transmissivity have been estimated. Mean annual atmospheric transmissivity is 0.37 at the observation location. Mean seasonal albedo for winter season is observed to be quite high compared to other seasons. Maximum and minimum temperature reveal an increase of 0.9°C and 0.05°C respectively, during the decade. Annual snowfall amount reveals a decrease of 37 cm in the decade. The observed temperature and snowfall patterns during the past 13 years, at the present study location, indicate that trends in Central Himalaya may be in accordance with the observed trends in the Western Himalaya.Keywords
Albedo, Glacier, Snowfall, Snow Cover, Temperature.Full Text
References
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- Development of Avalanche Information System using Remote Sensing and GIS Technology in the Indian Karakoram Himalaya
Abstract Views :244 |
PDF Views:83
Authors
Affiliations
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Sector 37A, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
1 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Sector 37A, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 104-109Abstract
Snow avalanches pose severe threat to lives and property in snow-bound regions of the Western Himalaya. The Karakoram Range in Western Himalaya has the highest mean elevation and is the most glaciated region compared to other ranges. Snowfall in this range is frequent even during summer season. Snow accumulation on mountain slopes results into frequent snow avalanches and several lives have been lost due to snow avalanches in the past. In this communication we discuss about the development of avalanche information system using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology for the Indian Karakoram Himalaya. High spatial resolution (0.5 m) PLEIADES satellite images and digital elevation model (DEM) of ASTER GDEM V2 (30 m) and Cartosat (10 m) have been used here. Terrain parameters, e.g. slope, aspect, elevation, etc. have been derived using DEM. Sites in avalanche-prone areas have been identified using terrain parameters and snowfall information. Villages in the region, camp locations of borderguarding personnel, pedestrian routes followed by villagers and border-guarding personnel, avalanche sites along pedestrian routes, etc. have been digitized using appropriate GIS vector features, e.g. point, line and polygons. Past avalanche accidents along pedestrian routes, past avalanche occurrences, climatology of the region, etc. have been mapped in GIS environment. Remote sensing and GIS technology proved to be useful for the development of avalanche information system in digital form. The system is being used for avalanche forecasting and mitigation of avalanche hazard in the Indian Karakoram Himalaya.Keywords
Avalanches, Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing, Snowfall.Full Text
References
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- Characterization and Retrieval of Snow and Urban Land Cover Parameters using Hyperspectral Imaging
Abstract Views :207 |
PDF Views:91
Authors
S. K. Singh
1,
Gaurav Jain
1,
Asfa Siddiqui
2,
Smruti Naik
1,
B. P. Rathore
1,
Vaibhav Garg
2,
Snehmani
3,
Vinay Kumar
2,
I. M. Bahuguna
1,
S. A. Sharma
1,
Chander Shekhar
3,
Praveen K. Thakur
2,
Kavach Mishra
2,
Pramod Kumar
2,
T. H. Painter
4,
J. Dozier
5
Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Dehradun 248 001, IN
3 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
4 University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US
5 University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, US
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Dehradun 248 001, IN
3 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Chandigarh 160 036, IN
4 University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US
5 University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, US
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1182-1195Abstract
Snow and urban land cover are important due to their role in hydrological management and utility, climate response, social aspects and economic viability, along with influencing the Earth’s environment at local, regional and global scale. Hyperspectral data enable identification, characterization and retrieval of these land-cover features based on physical and chemical properties of compositional materials. AVIRISNG hyperspectral airborne data, with synchronous ground observations using field spectroradiometer and collateral instruments, were collected over two widely varied land-cover types, viz. a relatively homogenous area covered by snow in the extreme cold environment of the Himalaya (Bhaga sub-basin, Himachal Pradesh), and a completely heterogeneous urban area of a metropolitan city (Ahmedabad, Gujarat).
AVIRIS-NG airborne data were analysed to understand the effect of terrain parameters such as slope and aspect on snow reflectance. Snow grain index using visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands and absorption peak in the near-infrared (NIR) were used to retrieve grain size in parts of the Himalayan region. A radiative transfer model was used to understand the grain size variability and its effect on absorption peak in NIR. Continuum removal was performed for snow spectral observations obtained from airborne, modelled and field platforms to estimate band depth at 1030 nm. Grain size was observed to vary with altitude from 100 to 500 μm using AVIRIS-NG image. In the urban area, the data also separated pervious and impervious surface cover using spectral unmixing technique, identified several urban features over multispectral data such as buildings with red tiled roofs, metallic surfaces and tarpaulin sheets using the material spectral profiles. Two single-frame superresolution methods namely sparse regression and natural prior (SRP), and gradient profile prior (GPP) were applied on AVIRIS-NG data for the mixed environment around Kankaria Lake in the city of Ahmedabad, which revealed that SRP method was better than GPP, and affirmed by eight indices. Preliminary analysis of AVIRIS-NG imaging over snow-covered areas and densely populated cities indicated utility of future spaceborne hyperspectral missions, particularly for hydrological and climatological applications in such diverse environments.
Keywords
AVIRIS-NG, Hyperspectral Imaging, Snow Reflectance, Super-Resolution Method, Terrain Parameters, Urban Land Cover.Full Text
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