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Sri Agus Sudjarwo ¹, Ngadino ², Koerniasari ², Setiawan ², Gifta Wardani Sudjarwo ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID
2 Study Program of Environmental Health, Polytechnic of Health, Surabaya, ID
3 Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, ID

Abstract

The mosquito species, Aedes aegypti L. is a vector of major diseases such as dengue haemorrhagic fever, chikungunya and yellow fever. Therefore, it is necessary to find new bioinsectiside which is expected to have larvicidal effects. This study investigates ethanol leaf extracts of Pinus merkusii for efficacy against Aedes aegypti larvae. This experiment using a completely randomized design with 8 treatment groups. Each group contained five times repetition using 20 third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with concentrations of Pinus merkusii leaf extract are 0, 10, 20, 40. 80, 160, 320, 640 ppm. Larval mortality was observed for 24 h, LC50 and LC90 were analyzed using Probit analysis. Ethanol leaf extract of Pinus merkusii showed highest larvae mortality against the larvae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 = 145.7 ppm; LC90 = 379.4 ppm after 12 h, and LC50 = 86.3 ppm; LC90 = 173.6 ppm after 24 h. These findings suggest that ethanol leaf extracts from Pinus merkusii have larvicidal activity that can be exploited in development of new bioinsecticides.

Keywords

Extract Pinus merkusii Leaf, Larvicidal, Aedes aegypti.

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Ngadino ¹, Setiawan ¹, Koerniasari ¹, Ernawati ², S. A. Sudjarwo ³

Affiliations
1 Study Program of Environmental Health, Polytechnic of Health, Surabaya, ID
2 Department of Pharmacology, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya, ID
3 Department of Pharmacology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of the Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract in vitro.

Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of C. xanthorrhiza was set by maceration method. The broth microdilution and disc diffusion method were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), respectively, of C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract on strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

Results: C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract was found to have the antimycobacterial effects with a MIC value of 1600 μg/ml while MBC value of 3200 μg/ml for M. tuberculosis H37Rv.

Conclusion: From these findings , it can be concluded that C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract have an antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro and its potency elevated by increasing the C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract concentration.

Keywords

Antimycobacterial, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration.

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Narwati ¹, Hadi Suryono ¹, Setiawan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Heavy metal in human body generally is from food consumed by the human either through fish or other aquatic animals in fresh water or seawater which are polluted by heavy metal. The presence of heavy metal in human body in certain level can cause several diseases, such as kidney disease, liver, nerve, and brain disease. Moreover, this research aimed at analyzing the decrease of lead (Pb) level on blood cockles (A. granosa) through engineering of stirring time, adsorption temperature, and variation of lime extract (C. amblycarpa) concentration by using Stirring Chamber tools through using chicken egg shell adsorbent. The research design used simple experiment in posttest only control group design. Meanwhile, the subject in this research was divided by two groups randomly in which a treatment was given to one group as control group and experiment group. Sample of blood cockles that was used was in 72 samples. Lime extract concentration in 1%, 1.5%, and 2% in stirring time of 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes before and after heating in 35°C utilized stirring speed in 150 rpm. Meanwhile, the chicken egg shell adsorbent was in 50 gram for each treatment. The sampling technique in this research utilized purposive sampling and data was analyzed by utilizing Statistic test of Two-Way Anova. Result showed that Pb level in fresh blood cockles before heating was 0.223 ppm and after heating, it reduced to be 0.062 ppm. Result of hypothesis test was obtained p-value <0.05, which was 0.000, and it indicated that there was a significant enhancement of chicken egg shell adsorption capacity in minimizing Pb level on blood cockles after being conducted the addition of lime extract with temperature variation and stirring time in certain stirring speed through engineering tool of Stirring Chamber. All in all, conclusion of this research was there was a significant enhancement of modified chicken egg shell adsorption capacity and lime extract in minimizing Pb level on blood cockles. Moreover, it was expected that this research could give contribution to food technology in reducing heavy metal of Pb level in pre-treatment of blood cockles (Anadara granosa) with modifying lime extract and chicken egg shell through Stirring chamber tool.

Keywords

Ph of a Solution, Adsorption Temperature, Lime Extract.

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