A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Ritika,
- Factors Affecting Money Laundering: A Lesson for Developing Countries
Authors
1 Finance Final Year Students (Batch 2008-10), SCMHRD, Pune
2 Assistant Professor, Institute of Management, NIRMA University, Ahmedabad
Source
Drishtikon: A Management Journal, Vol 3, No 2 (2012), Pagination:Abstract
Mahatma Gandhi said, "Capital as such is not evil; it is its wrong use that is evil. Capital in some form or other will always be needed". The primary function of money is to serve as a medium of exchange, and as such it is accepted without question in the final discharge of debts or payment of goods or services. Money is the ischolar_main cause of many evils like corruption, black marketing, smuggling, drug trafficking, tax evasion and many more. People want more money to cater to their needs and at a point of time they do not hesitate to have money from any source (black or white). This paper titled "Factors Affecting Money Laundering: A Lesson for Developing Countries" aims to identify and examine the dynamics of Money Laundering in developing countries, India in particular. The paper will give a brief introduction about Money Laundering, its definition, the Process of Money Laundering, historical evolution and Consequences of Money Laundering. It includes a flow chart showing the procedure followed by banks to counter money laundering. We have also presented a timeline of various laws on Anti-Money laundering.
References
- Ampratwum,E.(2008). The fight against Corruption and its implications for development in developing and transition economies. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11, page 76- 87.
- Biagioli, A.(2008).Financial Crime as a threat to the Wealth of Nations: a Cost-Effectiveness Approach. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11,1, page 88- 95.
- Buchanan,B.(2005).Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility: Combating Money Laundering in the Asia Pacific Region. Contemporary Studies in Economics and Financial Analysis, 86, page 435-452.
- Chaim, E.Z. Indian Parliament Moves to Finally Implement Money Laundering Laws, 19, page 86.
- Forman, M. (2006). Combating terrorist financing and other financial crimes through private sector partnerships. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 9, 112-118.
- Geiger, H., & Wuensch, O. (2007). The fight against Money Laundering – An economic analysis of a cost – benefit paradoxon. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 10, 91-105
- Gotz, E., & Jonsson, M. (2009). Political Factors affecting AML/CFT efforts in post communist Eurasia - The Case of Georgia. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 12, 59-73.
- Kar,D.,&Cartwright,D.S.(2006) Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries: 2002-2006.
- Kumar, B.V. (2003). The prevention of money laundering in India.Journal of Money Laundering Control, 7,158- 169.
- Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Washington. (2002). Money Laundering: A Banker's Guide to Avoiding Problems
- Salifu, A.(2008).Can Corruption and Economic Crime be controlled In Developing Economies – And if so, Is the Cost Worth It? Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11,3,273- 283.
- Shukla, A., & Bhagat, B. (2009). Anti-Money Laundering –Are Developing Countries Ready for the Challenges Ahead?. The Guide to Working Capital Management, 137-143.
- Singh, V.K.(2009). Controlling money Laundering problems in India: Problems and Perspectives.
- Comparing Inhibiting Activity of HIV-1 Protease between Indinavir and its Modifications Using Computational Approaches
Authors
1 Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Vol 4, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 1-5Abstract
Objectives: To develop a potent anti-HIV agent
Methods: In the present study, two candidate ligand compounds-Pridyl methyl piperazine with acetamide and Urea derivative were designed using Chemsketch, by replacing –OH group based on indinavir as reference molecule. Designed ligands were tested in silico individually with HIV-1 protease enzymes. Rigid docking approach was applied to both the compounds by using Autodock, and qualitative inspection of the results was carried out.
Findings: Compound Modified 2 containing functional group pyridyl methyl piperazine with acetamide in place of hydroxyl group, and compound Modified 1 having urea derivative in place of hydroxyl group has shown potential bindings with HIV-1 protease enzyme. The Modified 2 showed better interactions in rigid docking method with an average lowest binding energy of -3.87 kcal/mol towards HIV-1 protease enzyme as compared to Indinavir which showed -3.52 kcal/mol lowest binding energy. However, the Modified 1’ interactions were weak with an average lowest binding energy of +0.9 kcal/mol. In wake of the present work, it indicates that the compound Modified 2 which has been designed, has the tendency to interact with protease with efficient binding and emerges out as a potential candidate inhibitor of HIV-1 enzymes for further experimentation.
Application: Regardless of the drawbacks of chemical drugs such as its malignancy and lack of therapeutic effects, our study has shown that it is possible to produce more formidable potent anti-HIV agents.
Keywords
Enzyme Docking, HIV-1, Protease, Chem-Sketch, Indinavir, Computational Approaches, Inhibiting Activity.Full Text
- Mental Health of Adolescents in School Settings:A Review
Authors
1 Department of Education, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, IN