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- Relative Contribution of Rural Women to Animal Husbandry Activities in Haryana
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Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
2 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
2 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
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The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 10, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 43-48Abstract
India is predominantly an agrarian society where animal husbandry forms the backbone of national economy. Many of the important tasks in animal husbandry are performed by women besides their responsibilities as home makers and caring of animals is considered as an extension of domestic activities. This study emphasized the relative contribution of rural women in various animal husbandry activities. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. 30 women farmers were chosen from each selected villages thus constituting a sample size of 120 by simple lottery method. Gender inequality in terms of contribution to animal keeping activities was assessed. The role performance was assessed by documenting the contribution of both men and women family members in the routine activities (feeding, management, dung disposal and milking) and non-routine activities (healthcare, breeding and animal marketing) associated with animals. The average time spent in the animal husbandry activities by a household was 6.76 hours. Out of this women farmer's contribution was 5.17 hours. The contribution of the male members of the family was lesser, and was restricted for most part to the feeding and management activities. They contributed a little in the dung and milk management. Women reportedly contributed significantly (64 % of the feeding, 76 % of the management, 100% in dung disposal and 89% in the milking of animals). And in case of non-routine activities there were distinct roles adopted by men and women. The roles appear strictly gender demarcated with women being assigned the activities that have to do with routine care of animals at home. It appears that patriarchal system is prevalent and is facilitating male dominance.Keywords
Livestock, Rural Women, Role Performance.
- Participation of Rural Women in Animal Husbandry Development Programmes and Decision Making Regarding Animals in Haryana
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
2 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
2 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
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The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 10, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 69-73Abstract
Animal keeping is an integral part of rural life and is considered a pathway for women empowerment. Rural women play a key role in livestock management. However it is often argued that their contribution are undermined, underestimated and their decision making power are highly limited.The knowledge and skill of women dairy occupation and their participation in decision making certainly affects their efficiency in work and in the development of dairy enterprise. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to assess the participation of women in decision making regarding animals and in animal husbandry development programmes. The respondents were selected using simple lottery method and 30 women farmers were chosen from each four selected villages thus constituting a sample size of 120. It was found that their participation in different areas varied. They can give only suggestions to their spouse in decision making regarding animals' purchase and sale, insurance, loans, participation in support programmes (like trainings) and not taking decisions independently. Only 1.67 per cent of women were found beneficiaries of training in last 5 years. None of the respondent women was a beneficiary of Composite Murrah Development Scheme and establishment of high value dairy units. And around 5 per cent women visit the hospital for treatment as compared to 95 per cent men and only 15 per cent women were beneficiaries of loan as compared to 85 per cent men. More attention should be given to rural women to build their capacities in decision making. Moreover appropriate ways and approaches should be adopted for providing equal access to women in Animal Husbandry Development Programmes.Keywords
Rural Women, Decision Making, Animal Husbandry, Development Programmes.- Rural Women Access to Inputs and Markets in Dairy Farming
Abstract Views :204 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
2 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
2 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HISAR (HARYANA), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 10, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 206-210Abstract
Livestock is generally considered a key asset for rural livelihoods. Rural women access to inputs and markets are considered as main pillars of women empowerment in dairy sector. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state with a sample size of 120 rural women engaged in dairy farming. Almost half of the respondents felt that they could ensure routine supplies like green fodder, compound feed, utensil and equipments etc. But in case of ensuring breeding services and purchasing new animal, a large majority was not confident. The respondents appeared constrained to utilize the growing market opportunities even if it is assumed that women can freely practice animal husbandry thus, raising doubts on the empowerment potential. There is need to revisit the idea of gender empowerment through livestock.Keywords
Livestock, Rural Women, Empowerment, Inputs, Market.References
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- Attitude of Farmers towards Scientific Dairy Practices
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (HARYANA), IN
2 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (HARYANA), IN
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (HARYANA), IN
2 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (HARYANA), IN
Source
Research Journal of Animal Husbandry & Dairy Science, Vol 6, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 87-92Abstract
Dairy development in India has plays a major role in improving the nutritional standards of the people, generating employment opportunities and improving incomes in rural areas besides fulfilling consumer demands. There is an urgent need to enhance productivity of dairy animals by promoting adoption of scientific practices. The present article summarises the findings of a study that was conducted in three randomly selected districts of Haryana with sample size of 225 respondents. The study was conducted to measure the attitude of farmers towards Scientific Dairy Practices and antecedents factors affecting their attitude. Attitude was measured by using scale containing 11 items. The study revealed that average scores obtained by respondents are indicative of not so favourable attitude. It is argued that this is not desirable as the attitude favourableness is associated with adoption of scientific dairy practices. Attitude was found significantly associated with education, caste, occupation, size of land holding, mass media exposure, social participation. The uneducated, aged, landless farmers are the ones who need special directed efforts in future extension programme.Keywords
Dairy Farming, Rural Farmers, Attitude, Independent Variables.References
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- Color Defect Detection of Pharmaceutical Capsules using Histogram based Thresholding
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Authors
Affiliations
1 ECE Department, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, IN
1 ECE Department, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 47 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
In this paper, a new method of inspecting pharmaceutical capsules aesthetic defects is proposed using color image processing. After an image is taken, median filtering is performed. Then the region based statistics is calculated to acquire the largest area of pharmaceutical capsule from the image. After that RGB image is transferred into R plane, G plane and B plane. Then histogram of each plane is calculated. Further by setting thresholding value of each plane, mask of each plane is determined. Color segmentation of image is achieved by combining mask of each plane. Experiments are conducted with the quality inspection of pharmaceutical capsules. Time is also taken as major parameter of the system. Experiment results show the reliability and feasibility of proposed method as time and quality control are two main parameters in industry. The proposed paper present an application to detect defect related to color of pharmaceutical capsules which can be adapted to other practical applications for automated visual inspection using image processing techniques.Keywords
Color Segmentation, Histogram, Image Enhancement, RGB Planes, Thresholding.Full Text
- Factors Affecting Constraints Perception of Women Practising Mixed Dairy Farming
Abstract Views :161 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Business Management, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
4 Institute of Para Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Dairy Business Management, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
4 Institute of Para Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 12, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 49-55Abstract
The success story of Indian milk production has been written primarily by millions of rural producers and perhaps the major share of credit goes to women dairy farmers. Women are major contributors in the agricultural economy, but face various constraints that limit them from achieving optimal livestock production and agricultural development. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to document the constraints affecting the growth of mixed dairy farming systems. The respondents for the study comprised of 60 women engaged in mixed dairy farming. The constraints perceived by the respondents were divided into six main areas viz., general, feeding, economic, management, health care and breeding. Management and feeding constraints were perceived as most serious. Constraints like, ‘high cost of animal feeds and fodders’ ‘fragmentation of land holdings’, ‘high losses due to animal diseases’ were rated as most serious by the respondents. On the other hand they were least bothered about constraints like ‘non- availability of veterinary hospital in the village’, ‘vaccination facilities are not timely available’, ‘ far away location of veterinary hospital is a problem’, non- availability of veterinary surgeons’ and ‘lack of storage facility for dairy products’. Age, social participation, extension contact and mass media exposure were significantly and positively associated with constraint perception. Education, land holding, and risk orientation were negatively but insignificantly related to the constraint perception. Further studies in areas of market incentives and opportunities, diseases and animals, extension services and quality delivery, gender role and information seeking behaviour are advised.Keywords
Mixed Dairy Farming System, Women, Constraints, Livestock, Dairying.References
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- Socio-Economic Profile of Dairy Farmers in Hisar District of Haryana
Abstract Views :216 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Business Management, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
3 Institute of Para Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
4 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Dairy Business Management, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
3 Institute of Para Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
4 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 12, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 88-94Abstract
Among the different forms of livestock farming, dairying is considered as a “treasure” of the Indian rural economy. For the design and implementation of support programmes to promote dairy farming for rural development and for adoption of new technologies in dairy, profile of the dairy farmers is an important factor in developing countries like India. By considering this aspect the study was undertaken in Hisar district of Haryana. Among the 60 dairy farmers 73.3 per cent of respondents were middle aged with mean age of about 43 years. The respondents had fairly good formal education with mean value of 4.23 which indicates that majority (96.6%) of dairy farmers were literate. Family structure of dairy farmers was 65.0 per cent of the respondents belonged to joint families and 35.0 per cent to nuclear families. The family land holding ranged from 1 to 6 acres with a mean 2.60 acres. 43.3 per cent of the respondents preferred to have a herd size of 3-5 dairy animals. The respondents in general had poor social participation with mean value as low as 0.16. Further, majority of the respondents had low level of extension contact with mean value of 2.23. Mass media exposure of dairy farmers was also low with mean value of 2.65 which indicates majority (73.3%) of dairy farmers had low level of mass media exposure. However, economic motivation of dairy farmer was fairly high with mean value of 22.56. The dairy farmers in general had medium risk orientation with mean value 18.28.Keywords
Dairy Farmers, Socio-Economic Profile, Dairying, Rural Development, Livestock Farming.References
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