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Ajai,

Monitoring of Moraine-Dammed Lakes: A Remote Sensing-Based Study in the Western Himalaya

Abstract Views :1054 | PDF Views:183

Authors

B. P. Rathore ¹, S. K. Singh ¹, Rupal Brahmbhatt ², I. M. Bahuguna ¹, A. S. Rajawat ¹, Ajai ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 M. G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 10 (2015), Pagination: 1843-1849

Abstract

Monitoring of lakes in glaciated terrain in the Himalayan region has been recognized as one of the priority areas especially after the Kedarnath disaster. Among all types of glacial lakes, moraine dammed lakes (MDLs) are the most important from disaster point of view. Remote sensing plays a significant role in view of availability of unbiased repeated data on the expansion or contraction of MDLs located in rugged terrains of the Himalaya. Monitoring of two MDLs, associated with Katkar and Gepang-gath glaciers in Zanskar and Chandra sub-basins respectively was done using satellite images of 1965, 1976, 1989, 2001, 2006-07, 2012 and 2014. Survey of India (SOI) topographical maps of 1962 were also referred to monitor the respective glaciers lakes. SOI maps show the presence of only one lake associated with Gepang-gath glacier. Areal extent of the MDLs had increased from 21 to 57 ha between 1965 and 2014, and from 27 to 80 ha between 1962 and 2014 for the Katkar and Gepang-gath glaciers respectively. Increase in peak discharge of the two lakes was also estimated using different empirical models in case of outbursts of these lakes. The lake outburst probability for both these lakes was found to be very low (less than 1%), however, possibility of outburst of lakes due to natural calamity like cloud burst, landslide or earthquake cannot be ignored. The rate of retreat of these two glaciers was observed to be high due to the presence of MDLs in comparison to surrounding glaciers in the valley.

Keywords

Glacier, Moraine Dammed Lake, Peak Discharge, Retreat.

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References

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Assessment of Coastal Erosion along the Indian Coast on 1:25,000 Scale Using Satellite Data of 1989-1991 and 2004-2006 Time Frames

Abstract Views :241 | PDF Views:114

Authors

A. S. Rajawat ¹, H. B. Chauhan ¹, R. Ratheesh ¹, S. Rode ¹, R. J. Bhanderi ¹, M. Mahapatra ¹, Mohit Kumar ¹, R. Yadav ², S. P. Abraham ³, S. S. Singh ², K. N. Keshri ², Ajai ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi 110 606, IN
3 Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Kochi 682 020, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 347-353

Abstract

The long stretch of coastline on either side of the Indian peninsula is subjected to varied coastal processes and anthropogenic pressures, which makes the coast vulnerable to erosion. There is no systematic inventory of shoreline changes occurring along the entire Indian coast on 1 : 25,000 scale, which is required for planning measures to be taken up for protecting the coast at the national level. It is in this context that shoreline change mapping on 1 : 25,000 scale for the entire Indian coast based on multidate satellite data in GIS environment has been carried out for 1989-1991 and 2004-2006 time frame. The present communication discusses salient observations and results from the shoreline change inventory. The results show that 3829 km (45.5%) of the coast is under erosion, 3004 km (35.7%) is getting accreted, while 1581 km (18.8%) of the coast is more or less stable in nature. Highest percentage of shoreline under erosion is in the Nicobar Islands (88.7), while the percentage of accreting coastline is highest for Tamil Nadu (62.3) and Goa has the highest percentage of stable shoreline (52.4). The analysis shows that the Indian coast has lost a net area of about 73 sq. km during 1989-1991 and 2004-2006 time frame. In Tamil Nadu, a net area of about 25.45 sq. km has increased due to accretion, while along the Nicobar Islands about 93.95 sq. km is lost due to erosion. The inventory has been used to prepare a Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast.

Keywords

Accretion, Coastal Erosion, Shoreline Changes, High and Low Tide Lines, Satellite Data.

Full Text

Are the Himalayan Glaciers Retreating?

Abstract Views :201 | PDF Views:93

Authors

I. M. Bahuguna ¹, B. P. Rathore ¹, Rupal Brahmbhatt ², Milap Sharma ³, Sunil Dhar ⁴, S. S. Randhawa ⁵, Kireet Kumar ⁶, Shakil Romshoo ⁷, R. D. Shah ², R. K. Ganjoo ⁸, Ajai ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 M. G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
3 School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 110 067, IN
4 Department of Geology, Government College, Dharamshala 176 215,, IN
5 State Council of Science and Technology, Shimla 171 009, IN
6 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Almorah 263 643, IN
7 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 006, IN
8 Department of Geology, Jammu University, Jammu 180 006, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 106, No 7 (2014), Pagination: 1008-1013

Abstract

The Himalayan mountain system to the north of the Indian land mass with arcuate strike of NW-SE for about 2400 km holds one of the largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar regions in its high-altitude regions. Perennial snow and ice-melt from these frozen reservoirs is used in catchments and alluvial plains of the three major Himalayan river systems, i.e. the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra for irrigation, hydropower generation, production of bio-resources and fulfilling the domestic water demand. Also, variations in the extent of these glaciers are understood to be a sensitive indicator of climatic variations of the earth system and might have implications on the availability of water resources in the river systems. Therefore, mapping and monitoring of these freshwater resources is required for the planning of water resources and understanding the impact of climatic variations. Thus a study has been carried out to find the change in the extent of Himalayan glaciers during the last decade using IRS LISS III images of 2000/01/02 and 2010/11. Two thousand and eighteen glaciers representing climatically diverse terrains in the Himalaya were mapped and monitored. It includes glaciers of Karakoram, Himachal, Zanskar, Uttarakhand, Nepal and Sikkim regions. Among these, 1752 glaciers (86.8%) were observed having stable fronts (no change in the snout position and area of ablation zone), 248 (12.3%) exhibited retreat and 18 (0.9%) of them exhibited advancement of snout. The net loss in 10,250.68 sq. km area of the 2018 glaciers put together was found to be 20.94 sq. km or 0.2% (±2.5% of 20.94 sq. km).

Keywords

Ablation, Glacier, Himalaya, Retreat, Snout.

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Spatio-Temporal Variability of Snow Cover in Alaknanda, Bhagirathi and Yamuna Sub-Basins, Uttarakhand Himalaya

Abstract Views :245 | PDF Views:124

Authors

B. P. Rathore ¹, S. K. Singh ¹, I. M. Bahuguna ¹, R. M. Brahmbhatt ², A. S. Rajawat ¹, A. Thapliyal ³, A. Panwar ³, Ajai ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
3 Uttarakhand Space Application Centre, Dehradun 248 006, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 108, No 7 (2015), Pagination: 1375-1380

Abstract

Advance wide field sensor (AWiFS) data of RESOURCESAT-1 and 2 satellites of IRS series were used to produce snow cover products at 10-day interval from 2004 to 2012 covering October to June of consecutive years for Alaknanda, Bhagirathi and Yamuna sub-basins of Ganga basin in the Himalayan region. The snow products were generated using Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) at a spatial resolution of 56 m using green (B2) and SWIR (B5) channels of AWiFS sensor. Minimum and maximum snow cover was found to be 998, 669, 141 sq. km, and 7874, 5876, 3068 sq. km for Alaknanda, Bhagirathi and Yamuna sub-basins respectively. The areal extent of snow was higher than the mean during the years 2004-2005, 2007-2008 and 2011-2012 for all sub-basins. Mean of monthly fluctuations between maximum and minimum snow cover were recorded as 3105, 2305, 1235 sq. km corresponding to variation in snow line altitude of 1613, 1770, 1440 m respectively. A subtle increase in the snow cover has been observed in these three sub-basins during 2004-2012. The results matched well with the variations in temperature taken from nearby ground weather stations. Snow cover products were analysed to understand spatio-temporal variability of accumulation and ablation of snow in the three sub-basins. Monthly fluctuations in snow cover were high during accumulation period than in ablation. This work also attributes in generation of long-term database which will be useful for understanding climatic variations over Himalayan region.

Keywords

Ablation, AWiFS, Ganga, NDSI, Snow Cover.

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Ajai,

Monitoring of Moraine-Dammed Lakes: A Remote Sensing-Based Study in the Western Himalaya

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References

Assessment of Coastal Erosion along the Indian Coast on 1:25,000 Scale Using Satellite Data of 1989-1991 and 2004-2006 Time Frames

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Abstract

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Are the Himalayan Glaciers Retreating?

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Spatio-Temporal Variability of Snow Cover in Alaknanda, Bhagirathi and Yamuna Sub-Basins, Uttarakhand Himalaya

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Abstract

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Application of DInSAR Technique for Post-Earthquake Land Deformation Mapping of Eastern Nepal

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