International Journal of Science, Engineering and Computer Technology

Sandeep K. Jangra ¹, Mustakeem ¹, Devender Kumar ², Dinesh K. Atal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, IN
2 Department of EDP Cell, Guru Jambheswer University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Foot drop occurs when there is damage to nerve pathways that are responsible for the dorsiflexion movement of the foot. Foot drop is a common problem of neurological dysfunction in the spinal cord nerve. Functional Electrical Stimulator (FES) plays an important role in stimulating the nerves and muscles of the human body and tends to recover the dysfunction. Neuromuscular stimulators have offered new possibilities for the treatment of foot drop. In this paper a novel technique for developing a low cost microcontroller based FES system for Foot Drop patients is discussed.

Keywords

Dorsiflexion, Dropped Foot, Electrode Placement, Functional Electrical Stimulator (FES), Heel-switch, Opto-coupler, Re-education, Spinal Cord Injury, 89s52 Microcontroller

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Sandeep K. Jangra ¹, Mandeep K. Jangra ²

Affiliations
1 DCR University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, IN
2 Department of Physiotherapy, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The surface electroencephalogram (EEG) is the electrical activity of the brain obtained by scalp electrodes. When eyes move, the electrical field around them changes and produces an electrical signal known as EOG. As this signal propagates over the scalp, it appears on the recorded EEG as noise or artifacts that should be removed in order to cancel its interpretation with background EEG. Because the magnitude of the EOG artifact is usually about the order of the amplitude of EEG signal, removing this artifact is one of the most important problems in studying the brain activities.

Keywords

Optic Nerve, Molecules, Chemical Reactions and Receptor Cells, or Photoreceptors.

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Sandeep K. Jangra ¹, Mandeep K. Jangra ², S. Kulandaivelan ²

Affiliations
1 DCR University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, IN
2 Department of Physiotherapy, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

When the organ systems of the body are studied from an engineering point of view, electricity emerges as the essence of human life. In fact, life itself is now taken to exist only so long as the brain produces measurable electrical activity. It is not surprising, then, that medical practitioners have been fascinated by the effects of externally applied electricity since the beginning of medicine. New materials and increased understanding of their biological interface properties, both of the materials themselves and of living tissues in the presence of electrical current, now make it possible to influence minute natural electric currents in the body and to create substitute signals to reactivate lost functions or sensations.

Keywords

Electro Anesthesia, Brain Computer Interfaces, Epileptic Seizures and Bone and Tissue.

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Sandeep K. Jangra ¹, Mandeep K. Jangra ², David Joseph ³

Affiliations
1 DCR University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepal, IN
2 Department of Physiotherapy, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Applied Physics, GJUS&T, Hisar, Harya, IN

Abstract

Optical system of the human eye and the correction of its defects by means of spectacles. Primarily, the optical properties of the eye will be discussed. This representation does not intend to go into the biological or medical details of the eye.

Keywords

Optic Nerve, Molecules, Chemical Reactions and Receptor Cells, or Photoreceptors.

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