International Journal of Science, Engineering and Computer Technology

Suman ¹

Affiliations
1 FSL GNCT, Rohini , Delhi, IN

Abstract

Excess enthalpy of mixing for 2-butanone with benzene, toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene and or cyclohexane binary mixtures have been determined with 2-drop calorimeter and data is applied to Redlick-kister equation at temperature 298.15 K. A number of experimental as well as theoretical studies on thermodynamic properties for ketones with alkanes1-5, alkenes 6, aromatic hydrocarbons7-10, alcohols11-15, ethers16-17, esters18, amides19-20 and amines21 have been reported in literature. Among them, systemic data for ketones + aromatic polar solvent are relatively rare7-10. Ketones are characterized by dipoledipole interactions in the pure state22-23.

Keywords

Molar enthalpy, Binary6 mixtures, 2-Butanone, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Cyclohexane

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Suman ¹

Affiliations
1 FSL GNCT, Rohini , Delhi, IN

Abstract

Among different factors poor quality of tube well water is the major contributing factor towards the low yield of crops in India, as it is not fit for irrigation in most of the areas. This study was carried out to provide guidelines to farmers and researchers for better crop production by adopting water management practices. During October, 2010 a total of 315 water samples were collected in collaboration with Agriculture Extension Department from tube wells in tehsil Jalandhar, analyzed and categorized according to the suitability criteria of water quality evaluation. Out of 315 water samples 96(30%) water samples were fit, 25(8%) were marginally fit and 194(62%) were found unfit for irrigation purposes. Out of 194 unfit water samples, 146 unfit water samples (75%) had electrical conductivity higher than permissible limit (i.e. >1250 µS cm-1), 23 samples (12%) were found with high SAR (i.e. >10 (m mol L-1)0.5), and 25 samples (13%) had high RSC (i.e. >2.5 me L-1). Further, the analytical data indicated that most of the unfit water samples 146(75%) are unfit due to higher EC followed by EC+RSC 25(13%) and EC+SAR 23(12%). Almost all the area has highly saline water, which is affecting yield of various crops & soil health. Provision of necessary technical assistance to farming communities should be available to guide them at what depth they should extract fresh water instead of saline water. In severally affected areas bio-saline agriculture should be promoted to mitigate ill-effects of salinity hazardous. Cropping pattern should be fairly modified to produce those crops in sensitive areas which are water and salinity resistant.

Keywords

Groundwater quality, Water analysis, EC, SAR, RSC

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Suman ¹, Poonam Beniwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, OITM, Hisar. Haryana, IN

Abstract

Active Noise Control (ANC) involves an electro acoustic or electromechanical system that cancels the primary (unwanted) noise based on the principle of superposition. An anti-noise signal of equal amplitude and opposite phase is generated and combined with the primary noise, resulting in the cancellation of the noise. A fundamental problem to be considered in ANC systems is the requirement of highly precise control, temporal stability and reliability. To produce high degree of attenuation, the amplitude and phase of both the primary and the secondary noise must match with the close precision. The adaptive filters are used to control the noise and it has a linear input and output characteristic. If a transfer path of the noise has nonlinear characteristics it will be difficult for the filter to generate an optimal anti-noise. In this study, we propose a algorithm, delta rule algorithm which uses non linear output function. Delta rule is used for learning complex patterns in. Artificial Neural Networks. We have implemented the adaptive filters using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm and compared the results.

Keywords

ANC, LMS, RLS, Delta Rule, Error Signal, Neural Networks.

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