Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Sarita Saini ¹, Sushma Jaswal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Human Development College of Home Science, PAU, Ludhiana, IN
2 Department of Human Development College of Home Science, P.A.U., Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

A study was undertaken to assess gender differentials in the 'Being Component' of Quality of Life of aged (65 years & above) living in various support systems. 'Being Component' refers to the qualities that describe who people are as individuals and is known to impact the Quality of Life (QOL) of an individual. The study comprised a sample of 400 subjects (males=200 & females=200) from Ludhiana city, equally drawn from four support systems viz. elderly living with sons, living with daughters, living alone, and living in institutions. The 'Being Component' and its three dimensions (Physical Being, Psychological Being and Spiritual Being) were investigated using the Quality of Life Profile, senior's version (2000) developed by Quality of Life Research Unit, University of Toronto, Canada. It was found that very few elderly females compared to males were enjoying 'Very Good Quality of Life' with respect to the 'Being Component'. It was true across all dimensions of 'Being Component' and varying support systems. Compared to their male counterparts the 'Physical Being' and 'Psychological Being' dimensions were significantly weak for females living across all support systems except for those 'living with sons'. Also, 'Spiritual Being' dimension was weak for females 'living alone or in institutions'.

Keywords

Quality of Life (QOL),Being Component of QOL, Support Systems, Elderly Females.

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Harpreet Kaur ¹, Sarita Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, P.A.U. Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

The present study is an attempt to examine the Personal, Marital and Social Support factors as the correlates of Social Isolation among the Aged. It is based upon 120 aged drawn from an urban setting (Ludhiana city). The sample was distributed equally over the three socio-economic strata (high, middle and low) and the two sexes. Personal, Marital and Social Support factors were investigated across four dimensions of Social Isolation (family, friends, neighbours and coping mechanisms). Results revealed that within the family dimension 'Age, Marital status & Total children' were significantly contributing to social isolation in the context of the family.

Keywords

Social Isolation, Aged, Males, Females, Socio-Economic Status, Family Friends, Neighbours

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Divya Narang , Sarita Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to explore the status of metacognitive skillfulness and academic performance of rural adolescents (13-16 years) across two socio-economic strata. The study was carried out in rural schools of block-I, Ludhiana District. The sample comprised of 240 rural adolescents equally distributed over four grades (7th, 8th, 9th & 10th grade), two sexes and two socio-economic groups i.e. middle & low socio-economic group. Metacognitive skills of the subjects were assessed using a Self-structured Questionnaire adapted from Metacognition Inventory (Govil, 2003) and Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Schraw and Dennison 1994). To assess the academic performance of the subjects, the aggregate percentage of marks obtained by them in the last school examination was procured from the concerned teachers. Socio-economic Status Scale developed by Meenakshi (2001) was used to ascertain the socio-economic status of the selected subjects. Results revealed significant gender differentials in metacognitive skills of rural adolescents with major proportion of female respondents having high level of metacognition as well as better mean scores as compared to their male counterparts. Adolescent girls also surpassed boys with better academic achievement.

Keywords

Metacognition, Knowledge of Cognition, Regulation of Cognition, Acadamic Performance, Adolescents

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Gagandeep Kaur Gharial ¹, Sarita Saini ¹, Deepika Vig ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Metacognition is defined as one's own awareness of the thought process: specifically it concerns the ability to regulate the cognitive processes of the learners in their learning. Similarly, multiple intelligence covers the capacity to reason, figure and handle logical thinking. Therefore, it must be seen more as the "OUTPUT" function of information intake, learning, skills and ability. Hence, the present study is focused towards studying the level of metacognition and multiple intelligence among adolescents. The investigation was conducted on 200 rural school going adolescents (n=200) studying in grade 9th and 10th, exclusively drawn from selected Government Senior Secondary Schools in the villages of Ludhiana-1 Block. The subjects were randomly selected and equally distributed across both the genders (males=100&females=100). A self-designed socio-personal information sheet was used to collect the background information of the adolescents. Metacognitive Awareness lnventory (Schraw & Dennison, 1994) and Multiple Intelligence Survey (McKenzie, 1999) were used to assess the metacognition and multiple intelligence of the selected subjects. The results of the study revealed that majority of the adolescents had an 'average level' of metacognition as well as multiple intelligence. Further, results unveiled that across various components and sub-components of metacognition as well as types of multiple intelligence gender emerged as a significantly impacting factor where girls showed better mean scores than boys.

Keywords

Metacognition, Knowledge of Cognition, Regulation of Cognition, Multiple Intelligence.

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Nidhi Marothiya ¹, Sarita Saini ¹, Deepika Vig ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Cases related to child abuse and exploitations of child rights are major public concerns nowadays. Despite having plenty of implementation for the welfare of children in India the condition of children is still worse. The school is a major social institution responsible for socializing the child and teachers are in unique position to safeguard children due to their daily contact with children. The study was initiated to identify the awareness level of teachers regarding Child Rights and Protection in Ludhiana district of Punjab. Total 120 teachers from primary section of schools were selected as a sample of the study. A self-structured 'Child Rights and Protection' Checklist was used to collect the requisite data. Analysis of results revealed that majority of teachers were quite aware about the basic child rights as per the Indian Constitution but the awareness regarding UNCRC (1989); POCSO Act (2012); and JJ Act (2015) was found to be very poor among teachers. Further, the locale-wise differences among teachers regarding basic child rights revealed that urban teachers were significantly better aware than rural teachers but, no significant differences were observed with regards to (UNCRC, 1989) as well as the (JJ Act, 2015). However, contrasting to the other finding of this study it was found that rural teachers were significantly more knowledgeable than their urban counterparts regarding some of the provisions under the (POCSO Act, 2012). The correlation analysis of awareness level of teachers with their socio-personal characteristics revealed a statistically non-significant relationship between the variables.

Keywords

Child Rights, UNCRC, POCSO Act, JJ Act, Teachers' Awareness.

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Parvinder Kaur ¹, Sarita Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Human Development & Family Studies College of Community Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Moga and Ludhiana district of Punjab in order to investigate the gender wise differences related to meta cognitive awareness among adolescents. A self-designed personal information sheet was used to document the socio-personal characteristics of the selected subjects for the study. Meta cognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) developed by Schraw and Dennison (1994) was used to investigate various aspects of meta cognition indepth and to obtain scores for individual components/sub-components of meta cognition The results indicated that significantly more number of females were found at high level of ‘declarative knowledge’ as well as ‘evaluation’ sub-components of meta cognition. Significant gender-wise differences were observed in the mean scores of meta cognition as females scored better than male respondents. Further, across two components and eight sub-components and of meta cognition females exhibited better knowledge in both the components of meta cognition as well as ‘declarative knowledge’, information management strategies’, and ‘debugging strategies’ sub-components of meta cognition.

Keywords

Meta Cognitive Awareness, Skillfulness, Adolescents.

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Parul Kalia ¹, Sarita Saini ¹, Deepika Vig ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Caregiving of a dependent elderly is one of the gruelling tasks that develops burden of stress among caregivers. The caregiver stress is an important and negative parameter which is harmful for the primary caregivers. In fact, the burden upon the primary caregivers ultimately changes the perception of quality of life. The overburdening of the tasks viz. household as well as caregiving and that is also without required amount of help leads to poor quality of life of the primary caregivers. The present study was conducted on a sample of 60 primary caregivers from middle socio-economic status families situated in the district of Ludhiana city of Punjab. Zarit Burden Interview developed by Zarit et al. (1980) was used to assess the caregiver stress of the primary caregivers. The quality of life of the respondents was assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref questionnaire which was developed by World Health Organization (1997). The results revealed that a major proportion of the respondents reported to possess a low level of quality of life. Statistically significant association was found between the caregiver stress and the overall quality of life as well as across different domains of quality of life of the primary caregivers.

Keywords

primary Caregiver, Caregiver Stress, Quality of Life.

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