Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal

Abstract

Methodology in Brief: 100 females were selected as per the inclusion criteria. Participants were seated on a stool with their feet on the floor. They were suitably disrobed for the markers to be placed on the ear canthus, inferior end of both the ears, C7 vertebra. Then the digital photographs from side and front were taken and analyzed on the software URTHSCSA3 to calculate the Craniovertebral angle and anterior head alignment.

Results: This study shows that there is a significant change in Craniovertebral angle, and Anterior Head Alignment.

Conclusion: This study conclude that there is a higher tendency of forward head posture and left side lateral tilting of head in preschool teachers

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Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the significant changes in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in young college going males and females while standing on there dominant and non-dominant lower limb (single-leg stance).

Subjects: 200 subjects (100-males, 100-females) of the age group of 18 to 25yrs

Study Design: Co-relational

Data Analysis: P-Value was calculated for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure separately and as well as of Heart Rate in resting, single-leg stance on dominant leg and single-leg stance on nondominant leg in both Males and Females.

Conclusion: From The study it can be concluded that while training any individual on single -leg stance on dominant and non-dominant a therapist should take care of the blood pressure and Heart Rate specially while working on hypertensive's, amputees, individuals with cardio-vascular, neurological, psychological and neuro muscular disorders.

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Methods: 30 subjects presenting with upper trapezius muscles spasm, aged 20-30 years old, participated in this Study. Subjects underwent a screening process to establish the presence of tender points in upper trapezius muscle. Subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups.

Group A = continuous mode of ultrasound (0.8 w/cm2 for 5 minutes)

Group B = pulsed mode of ultrasound (0.8 w/cm2 for 5 minutes)

Visual Analogue Scale and Range of Motion is assessed pre treatment and immediately post treatment.

Result the p value of VAS (post treatment) and ROM (post treatment) in continous mode was 0.000

Conclusion: continous mode of ultrasound is better for immediate pain relive as compared to pulsed mode when diclofenac sodium is used as the coupling medium.

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Methodology: 80 subjects(age group 21-30yrs, BMI 18-29kg/m2) free of any musculoskeletal/ Neuromuscular/psychological disorder, took part in the study. After checking for leg dominancy and calculation of BMI, the subjects were asked to perform one single squat up to 900 of hip and knee flexion while an EMG of the Rectus Femoris and Vastus Medialis Obliqus (both parts of quadriceps muscle) was recorded simultaneously. Another EMG reading was taken in the similar manner after confirming the development of muscle soreness on a graphic pain rating scale following the exercise protocol.

Results: The mean value of peak EMG of Rectus Femoris pre exercise is 508.69mV (microvolt) and post exercise induced muscle soreness is 686.60 mV. The mean of peak EMG amplitude of Vastus Medialis Obliqus came out to be as 379.81 mV pre exercise and 472.70 mV post exercise induced muscle soreness. The p value for RF pre and post was 0.000 and for VMO pre and post was 0.034.

Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from the study is that there is a significant increase in peak EMG amplitude of the muscles (RF and VMO) post exercise induced muscle soreness.

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Aims and Objective: To compare the effect of gum chewing on masseter muscle in females with males by analyzing its electromyographic behaviour. Subjects: 60 young adults (30 females and 30 males) who do gum chewing took part in this study which was allotted to two groups: Group A- Females and Group B- Males.

Research Design: Comparative study

Methodology: The device used in this study is a single channel EMG. The subjects were given chewing gum and asked to chew gum at least one hour before coming for the study. All monitoring was performed with the patients in a sitting position. Two self-adhesive surface electrodes were utilized and placed on the midsubstance of muscle belly of right masseter muscle in line with muscle fibers. The EMG recording of masseter muscle was done at most comfortable position of jaw i.e., at rest position and the EMG activity was recorded after 30 seconds.

Data Analysis: Data are expressed as mean, standard deviation and 95% confidence interval. The independent t- test or Levene's test for equality of variances was used to determine the normal distribution of the variance (P < 0.05).

Results: The independent t-test indicates a significant increase in the motor activity of the masseter muscle in females than in males as t-test reveal statistically reliable difference between the mean number of POST TEST - A has (M = 2.171, s = 101.76) and that the POST TEST - B has (M = 1.62, s = 75.57), t(58) = 2.367, P = .05.

Conclusion: Electromyographic behaviour of the masseter muscle in individuals who do gum chewing is found to be significantly increased in females than in males. This can result in the development of the signs and symptoms of the temporomandibular disorders. Therefore, it can be concluded from the present study that one should avoid gum chewing especially females on the regular basis so as to prevent their jaw from the risk of developing TMD at an early age.

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Method: Sit and Reach test, Back Saver Sit and Reach test and Straight leg measurements were taken that was administrated after 5 minutes warm-up and stretching on the same day with rest period of 20 minutes in between the tests.

Results: The value of correlation between hamstring flexibility and BSSR Test of Right leg (r) is 0.51 and value of correlation between hamstring flexibility and BSSR Test of Left leg is (r) is 0.57 whereas the value of correlation between hamstring flexibility of Right leg and SR Test (r) is 0.24 and value of correlation between hamstring flexibility of Left leg and SR Test is (r) is 0.56.

Conclusion: The results indicated that back saver sit and reach test produces reasonably accurate and stable measures of hamstring flexibility. Moreover, it appeared that this test was safe and acceptable alternative to the sit and reach test as a measure of hamstring flexibility in young females.

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Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the immediate effect on pain threshold and range of motion which follows a single treatment of tender points in the upper trapezius muscle among ischemic compression and picking up with ultrasonic therapy.

Methods

50 subjects presenting with upper trapezius muscles spasm, 9 male and 41 female, aged 20-30 years old, participated in this study. Subjects underwent a screening process to establish the presence of tender points in upper trapezius muscle. Subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups. Group A = Ischemic Compression + Ultrasonic Therapy (1.2 w/cm2 5 minutes) Group B = Picking Up + Ultrasonic Therapy (1.2 w/cm2 5 minutes) The outcome that is range of motion and Visual Analogue Scale are assessed pre treatment and 2 minutes post treatment after treatment allocation of the subject.

Result

Paired T-test is done between pre and post values of range of motion(ROM) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) which shows two-tailed P <0.0001 which by conventional criteria is considered to be extremely statistically significant. Whereas, t value for pre and post VAS of ischemic compression group is 12.4378, and for picking up group is 15.1399. T value for pre and post ROM of ischemic compression group is 6.2164, and for picking up group is 5.9318. Unpaired T-test between two groups for ROM shows twotailed P value=0.4151 which is not statistically significant. T value for the same is 0.8220. Unpaired T-test between two groups for VAS shows two-tailed P value=0.5695 and t value is 0.5727.

Conclusion

This study concludes that both the techniques used in research namely ischemic compression and picking up are equally effective in treating tender point of upper trapezius muscle.

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Objective

This study was done to compare the efficacy of post-isometric relaxation (PIR) along with ultrasound and massage versus integrated neuromuscular ischaemic technique (INIT) along with ultrasound and massage in the treatment of trigger point pain of the upper trapezius muscle.

Method

30 subjects having trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle both males and females in the age-group of 18-35 years were divided into two groups: subjects in group A (n=15) were treated with PIR, massage and ultrasound and Group B (n= 15) were treated with INIT, massage and ultrasound. The VAS scores for pain, side-flexion ROM (opposite side of pain) and NPNPQ were used to assess the improvements.

Results

There was statistically significant difference in VAS scores (p < 0.05), Neck side-flexion ROM (opposite side) and NPNPQ scores (p < 0.05) in both Group A&Group B. This indicates that subjects with trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle had significant reduction in pain, improvement in ROM and reduction in scores of NPNPQ. Between the groups there was no significant improvement (p > 0.05). Within group analysis shows that both groups had significant improvement in the variables but there was no significant change between the groups.

Conclusion

Both treatment techniques were highly effective in the treatment of trigger point pain in the upper trapezius muscle.

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Objective: To examine the Electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the gluteus medius (GM) muscles bilaterally during forward and lateral step up exercises.

Method and procedure: 50 female subjects were selected with age group between 18-23 years on the basis of inclusion criteria. Electromyographic activity of the right and left lower extremity was recorded during the forward step-up and lateral step-up in ascent phase as well as in descent phase.

Results and conclusion: It was seen that Step-up exercises are effective in activating the gluteus medius muscle, with lateral step-up exercises requiring greater gluteus medius muscle activation than forward step-up exercises on the basis of mean values. Further this study has found that the exercises programs for hip abductor muscle strengthening should preferentially include lateral over forward step-up exercises, since lateral stability is more required as compared to forward stability in falls prevention, hence these exercises should be started at early adulthood, so as to decrease the incidence of fall in older age.

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Study Design: Correlational design.

Purpose: To quantify the EMG activity of the three fibers of the trapezius muscle during empty can&full can shoulder exercises/ tests.

Setting: College electrotherapy laboratory.

Subjects: 50 healthy subjects, age group between 20-30 years.

Materials: Full scale goniometer, EMG equipment- NeuroTrac™ ETS C 0120, a laptop- Dell, Self adhesive electrodes.

Methods: Subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were taken into consideration. The procedure was explained to the subjects and a written consent was taken after explaining the benefits and clearing the doubts of the subject regarding study. After ROM and muscle tension evaluation using manual muscle testing (MMT), and goniometry of the cervical spine and shoulder, subjects were recruited and electrodes were placed accordingly, for recording the trapezius muscle activity. After electrode placement the subjects were asked to perform two shoulder rehabilitation exercises that is, empty can&full can exercises. The subjects were instructed to perform, each of the above mentioned exercises with, holding of the exercise position, for 30 seconds which was followed by a rest period, and performance of the test. Recording of the data was done, in between the exercise performance.

Data analysis: Mean and standard deviation were calculated from the EMG values, recorded for each fiber of the trapezius muscle during empty can and full can shoulder exercises/tests.

The coefficient of variation i.e. variability was computed using the statistical values (mean&standard deviation).

Result: The coefficient of mean variation ( variability) calculated was least for the lower trapezius muscle during the empty can shoulder exercise/test, it suggests that the EMG values for the lower trapezius muscle during empty can shoulder exercise/test is more compact,consistent, homogenous&is efficient.

Conclusion: The present study concludes that during the empty can&full can shoulder exercises/ tests a scapular stabilizing muscle i.e. trapezius was also activated along with the other rotator cuff muscles. Out of the two mentioned exercises/tests maximum activation was seen in the lower fibers of the trapezius muscle followed by upper & middle fibers during Empty Can exercise/test. However, during full can exercise, out of the three fibers of the trapezius muscle maximum activity was recorded from the lower fibers followed by upper&middle fibers.

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