Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Manigandan Thiruppathy ¹, D. Pavani ², S. Kishore Kumar ³, Julius Amaldas ⁴, R. Sankar Narayanan ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Semmanchery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
5 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background: Oral cancer is eighth most common cancer worldwide. They may arise from potentially malignant disorders¹. The etiology of Oral cancer is multifactorial, the most common among those are the effects of tobacco usage⁷. The tobacco is used in various forms in our country Tobacco chewing and smoking are associated with oral mucosal lesions such as Leukoplakia, Oral submucous Fibrosis which are potentially malignant lesions⁹. This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence of these oral mucosal lesions and to motivate the tobacco users about the various deleterious effects associated with tobacco and to help them to quit their habits.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the tobacco users in Chennai.

Materials and Method: The study sample was randomly selected and comprised 1483 patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and hospital, Chennai between January 2017 and December 2018. The ages ranged from 18 to 65years and are tobacco users were eligible to participate in the study. The data collected was tabulated in Microsoft Excel and further analysed using SPSS Version 21.0(IBM), software for statistical analysis.

Results: A total of 1483 patients were examined to diagnose the lesions associated with the use of tobacco. The most frequently seen lesion was Smokers Melanosis [921(62.1%)]followed by Frictional Keratosis [696(46.9%)],Periodontal Inflammation [551(37.2%)], Leukoedema [304(20.5%)] and Stomatitis Nicotina Palatini [160(10.8%)].

Conclusion: The overall prevalence of potentially malignant disorders have slight variations when compared to other studies. This may be due to difference in habits, duration and frequency of use.

Keywords

Tobacco Smokers, Tobacco Chewers, Oral Lesions.

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R. Mohan Pradeep ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ², M. S. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Orthodontic tooth movement is planned for moving the teeth inside the tissues of the alveolar procedure of the maxilla and mandible, and changing the occlusal conditions, in this manner it is conceivable to improve the capacity and style of the masticatory framework. The orthodontic treatment depends on a powerful procedure of rebuilding the tissue structures of the alveolar procedure of the maxilla and mandible. At the point when the power is applied on teeth for quite a while, cutoff points of versatile disfigurements of tissues can be surpassed and translational relocation of a tooth can be watched. The got tooth development influences changes in the shape and organization (particularly in connection to the calcium-phosphate balance) of bone tissue and encompassing delicate tissues.

Keywords

Vitamin-D, Calcium, Lumisterol, Tachysterol.

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A. Arif Yezdani ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ¹, Kesavaram Padmavathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Knowledge of timing and duration of the adolescent growth spurt is essential to treat skeletal jaw discrepancies in the growing child. The purpose of this review of literature was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the maturational stages of the cervical vertebrae C2, C3 & C4 as seen on lateral cephalograms in the prediction of peak pubertal growth spurt.Literature review purported that cervical vertebral maturity indicators were effective in assessing the circumpubertal growth spurt. The drawbacks of this method of assessment was that it evaluated the skeletal maturity at one point of time and that it failed to pinpoint the peak in mandibular growth. It also did not specify the intensity and amount of residual growth left,factors deemed importantfor implementing orthopedic therapy.

Keywords

Lateral Cephalograms, Cervical Vertebrae, Adolescent Growth Spurt, Mandibular Growth, Dentofacial Orthopedics.

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R. Mohan Pradeep ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea is brought about by intermittent upper aviation route deterrent during sleep and it presents as loud snoring, blood vessel oxygen desaturation, sleep fragmentation, and over the top daytime sleepiness.The lateral cephalogram is a routine diagnostic aid in orthodontics. It has been used extensively in the fields of orthodontics and anthropology to record craniofacial form. Recently, it has also suggested that cephalometry could be an adjunctive procedure for assessing craniofacial patterns associated with obstructive sleep apnea.This study was attempted to look at the craniofacial structures of Obstructive sleep apnea patients with those of basic snorers utilizing parallel cephalometric radiographs and to decide the hazard factors for Obstructive sleep apnea in a Dravidian population.

Keywords

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Hyoid Bone, Lateral Cephalogram.

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R. Mohan Pradeep ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

The lingual orthodontic furnishings are in a manifest pretence the only invisible machinery rules available. This appliance system consists of arrangement tariff planned lingual brackets onto the palatal/lingual surface of the teeth.The biggest issue is that lingual braces can be difficult to get used to and wear.The common problems encountered areDifficulties with speech, Tongue sorenessEating, Cleaning your teeth. This review comprises of history, different mechanics that are incorporated in lingual orthodontics and various systems that is used in lingual orthodontics etc.

Keywords

Lingual Orthodontics, Esthetic, Adult Orthodontics.

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A. Arif Yezdani ¹, Priya Chatterjee ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ¹, Kesavaram Padmavathy ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral-Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Introduction: This case report describes the treatment of a Class II skeletal malocclusion with a prognathic maxilla and retrognathic mandible with severely proclined maxillary incisors and lingually blocked mandibular right lateral incisor withentire maxillary arch distalization and use ofinfra-zygomatic crest bone screws devoid of extraction of premolars.

Method: Treatment involved strap-up of a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance, MBT technique (0.022 X 0.028 - inch slot). A non-extraction approach was recommended despite the case warranted premolar extractions. Infra-zygomatic bone screws of length 14mm and diameter 2mm was used for the distalization of the entire maxillary arch. The case was assessed at start of orthodontic treatment (T1) and end of orthodontic treatment (T2).

Results: At T2, the severe pre-maxillary prognathism and mandibular anterior crowding with lingually locked right lateral incisor was corrected with the canines and molars finished in Class I relationship. Normal overbite and overjet with a pleasing soft tissue profile was satisfactorily achieved.

Conclusion: Infra-zygomatic bone screws can be effectively used as absolute skeletal anchorage to correct Class II skeletal discrepancy with maxillary prognathism and severe proclination of maxillary incisorsdevoid of premolar extractions.

Keywords

Infra-Zygomatic Bone Screw, Skeletal Class Ii Discrepancy, Maxillary Arch Distalization, Skeletal Anchorage.

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A. Arif Yezdani ¹, Prashanth Sreenivasan ¹, R. Padmavati ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ¹, Kesavaram Padmavathy ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral-Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Introduction: This case report describes the treatment of a skeletal Class II malocclusion with an orthognathic maxilla and retrognathic mandible with severely proclined maxillary incisors, imbricated mandibular incisors, deep bite, convex profile and horizontal mandibular growth pattern treated with the Herbst appliance.

Method: Visual treatment objective was initially done to confirm the effectiveness of the use of a functional appliance. Treatment involved the use of a fixedfunctional appliance namely, Herbst appliance to advance the mandible forwards. The case was assessed at T1 and T2 of the initial orthopedic phase of treatment.

Results: At T2, the retrognathism of the mandible was adequately addressed and the facial convexity reduced dramatically. The molars attained a Class I relation and the facial soft tissue profile improved drastically with elimination of lower lip trap.

Conclusion: Functional retrusion of the mandible can be effectively treated in the pubertal period of growth spurt with the judicious use of a fixed functional bite jumping appliance such as the Herbst.

Keywords

Pubertal Growth Spurt, Skeletal Class II Jaw Discrepancy, Retrognathic Mandible, Herbst Appliance.

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A. Arif Yezdani ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ², Kesavaram Padmavathy ³

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral-Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In orthodontic treatment planning decisions assessment of growth status plays a vital role and that the adolescent growth spurt is considered an ideal time to mete out growth modification therapy. Various radiologic and non-radiologic skeletal maturity indicators have been in use with its attendant advantages and disadvantages. Insulin like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is one such non-radiologic biomarker that could be used to estimate the amount of available growth present to help treat jaw discrepancies in the circumpubertal period of growth as the mean levels of it has been reported to be high during cicumpubertal growth. Internationally peer reviewed and valid indexed reference articles pertaining to IGF-1 and its predictive usefulness in estimating the peak pubertal growth spurt used alone or in combination with the other radiologic skeletal maturity indicators was segregated and diligently perused. Information gleaned from the literature review revealed that IGF-1 was indeed effective in assessing the circumpubertal growth spurt. It had a high correlation with the cervical stages C3 and C4 as seen on lateral cephalograms as also with the stages pertaining to peak pubertal growth as seen on handwrist radiographs and middle phalanx 3 (MP3) on periapical x-rays. IGF-1 was an effective and alternative biomarker for estimation of peak pubertal growth spurt used alone or in combination with the other radiologic biomarkers.

Keywords

Insulin Like Growth Factor-1, Growth Hormone, Pubertal Growth Spurt, Skeletal Maturation.

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S. Kishore Kumar ¹, R. Padmavati ², T. Shoba ³

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

A malocclusion created due to a vertical discrepancy is of great interest in the field of orthodontics, because of its etiology, treatment planning and tendency to relapse in the post treatment period. It is important for an orthodontist to recognize its numerous components and understand their interrelationships. This article reviews some of the relevant literature and also some diagnostic and treatment planning suggestions to the orthodontist

Keywords

Vertical Discrepancies, Open Bite, Deepbite.

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Jeenu Raj ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital,Chennai, IN

Abstract

The last few decades visualized magnets being used in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics and attempts have been made to evaluate the biological implications of magnets and magnetic fields during clinical application. This article gives an overview about magnets in general and its possible applications in orthodontics

Keywords

Applications, Magnets.

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R. Padmavati ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) is nothing but regular distraction osteogenesis (DO)performed at the symphysis wherein, the new bone formation occurs between bone segments that are gradually separated by incremental traction”.Treatment planning decisions in the transverse dimension are based on the mandibular arch width and form. Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis supplements orthodontic treatment to resolve mandibular anterior width deficiencies or dental crowding.This article focuses on indications, orthodontic preparation, surgical procedures, complications, long term effects and stability of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis.

Keywords

Mandible, Osteogenesis, Osteotomy.

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A. Kalaiselvi ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER,Chennai, IN

Abstract

The criteria for a successful treatment outcome is not only the correction of skeletal and dental abnormalities but also an aesthetic improvement as judged by both patients and practitioners. The objective of treatment simulation is to allow the clinician to visualize and manipulate the soft tissue structures, so to compare different treatment alternatives.The purpose of this study is to provide a overview on how various three dimensional soft tissue prediction techniques evolved and improved through years.

Keywords

Three Dimensional Techniques, Soft Tissue, Surgical- Orthodontic Treatment Outcome.

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Jeenu Raj ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IN

Abstract

In orthodontics, anchorage has been a matter of concern for many years. In addition, the greater number of mutilated cases, un co-operative patients have all added to the growing need for skeletal anchorage. Anchorage Devices brought about a revolutionary change to obtain absolute anchorage without patient compliance. Anchorage promises to serve as controllable and efficient anchors for any type of tooth movements the orthodontist would want to make The successful use of implants has widened the horizons in orthodontics and has gained much popularity in the recent years.

Keywords

Mini Implants, Skeletal Anchorage, Osseointegration.

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