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Ammika, Priyanka
- Efficacy of Computerized Tomography (CT) in Identification of Clinically Un-detectable Lymph Nodes in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - an Observational Study
Authors
1 A.V. Super Specialty Dental Hospital, Near Amberpet Masjid, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 3, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 110-114Abstract
Background: The most common malignant tumour of head and neck region is Oral squamous cell carcinoma and is the third most common malignancy in India. The most common mode of metastasis is through the cervical lymph nodes. Detection of tumours is mostly done clinically by direct visual examination. The complexity in predicting the presence of metastatic disease in clinically negative necks has lead to wide spread use of elective neck dissection. This present study is intended to evaluate the status of clinically not detectable lymph nodes using.
Computerized Tomography: (CT) which might help in determining the prognosis and treatment plan and also to compare the accuracy between the clinical examination and CT.
Methods: Forty patients who have been histopathologically diagnosed as Oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study The patients were subjected to clinical as well as CT examination. The findings of both examinations were correlated with pathological findings from the neck dissection.
Results: Number of True positives detected by clinical examination (CE) versus CT is 7 and 13 respectively (p=0.17). Number of True negatives detected by CE versus CT is 18 and 18 respectively (p=1). Number of False positives detected by CE versus CT is 5 and 5 respectively (p=1). Number of False negatives detected by CE versus CT is 10 and 4 respectively (p=0.1).Sensitivity for CE versus CT is 41.1% and 68.4% respectively (p=0). Specificity for CE versus CT is 78.2% and 78.2% respectively (p=1). Positive Predictive Value for CE versus CT is 58.3% and 72.2% respectively (p=0.001). Negative Predictive Value for CE versus CT is 64.2% and 75% respectively (p=0.001). Accuracy of CE versus CT is 62.5% and 77.5% respectively (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The present result indicates that CT is an important image tool for detection of clinically occult lymph nodes of head and neck in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and statistically significant over the clinical examination regarding the sensitivity, true predictive value, false predictive value and over all accuracy.
Keywords
CT, Cervical Lymphnodes, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Clinical Examination
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- Comprehensive Knowledge on Dental Management of HIV/AIDS: a Survey on Private Sector Oral Health Care Providers in Andhra Pradesh
Authors
1 Association for Rural and Urban Needy (ARUN) Plot # 37-112/4; Sri Colony; Neredmet X Road; R.K.Puram; Secunderabad-500056 Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Eco Foundation for Research and Training (EFFORT) 2-56/4; Pakabanda Bazar; Khammam; Andhra Pradesh, IN
3 Narayana Super Specialty Dental Hospital Opposite Little Chums School; Sahara Road; Mansoorabad; L.B.Nagar; Hyderabad-68 Andhra Pradesh, IN
4 A.V. Super Specialty Dental Hospital Near Amberpet Masjid; Amberpet; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 3, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 115-119Abstract
Background: In India capacity building and training in HIV/AIDS has been focused on doctors, nurses, and counsellors. Oral healthcare providers namely, dentists, dental assistants and nursing assistants have been marginalized. Dentists form the first source of healthcare contact to many HIV/ AIDS patients for complaints of oral lesions, with absolutely no knowledge of their patients HIV status. As there is a lack of data on oral health care providers and HIV /AIDS in India, ARUN took the initiative to address this issue and collect data that can prove invaluable in designing future programs and policies.
Methodology: The sampling technique used for the assessment is simple random sampling. The survey was carried out in dental colleges and private clinics and trust hospitals both in the rural and urban settings. A total of 75 dental health care providers from 5 dental colleges and 12 private clinics participated in the survey. The tool was a self administered questionnaire. MS Excel was used for recording the findings. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.
Results: None of the oral health care providers are referring the patients to HIV testing centres in government hospitals.67% are referring the patients for HIV testing to labs in private sector.32% of the dentists are referring patients for HIV testing based on the clinical manifestations, 23% as a routine, 8% based on risk behaviour, and 37% of dentists are not at all referring for HIV testing. Only 20% oral health care providers were aware of oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, 56% of them are not sterilizing the instruments after each use, 61% of them are disinfecting the impressions before sending to the dental laboratory, only 61% dentists are following Universal safety precautions, 94% are not aware of PEP.
Conclusion: Approximately 10776 patients seeking oral health care in 20 private dental colleges and hospitals can be presented with potential HIV infection and approximately 2000 dentists need to be trained every year. Involving dentists would help in early detection and reducing the HIV epidemic.
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- Intraoral Periapical Radiographic Changes of Teeth and Jaw Bones in Chronic Renal Failure Patients - an Observational Case-control Study
Authors
1 A.V. Super Specialty Dental Hospital, Near Amberpet Masjid; Amberpet; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 3, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 120-124Abstract
Background: Chronic renal failure is an important health care problem throughout the world, with a prevalence of 7852 cases per million population (p.m.p) in India. Patients afflicted by this medical condition can visit a general dentist's office with number of clinical as well radiological manifestations. This study is undertaken to observe the soft radiologic changes occurring in teeth and jaw bones through Intraoral Periapical Radiographs (IOPA) which could be warning signs for undiagnosed kidney disease in these patients.
Methods: IOPA radiographs of 30 patients present in the initial stage of chronic renal failure (CRF) and have not undergone dialysis and 30 control group were taken in to the study. Maxillofacial radiologists measured the changes in the morphological features of the lamina dura, trabecular pattern, pulp size and radiographic density presenting in the teeth and jaw bones.
Results: In patients with CRF the significant changes were observed in lamina dura in the maxilla (93.3% of cases and 43.3% in controls; p=<0.0001) as well as mandible (83.3% of case and 33.3% of controls; p=<0.0001) when compared with controls. Changes in the trabecular pattern of both maxilla (86.6% of cases and 43.3% of controls; p=<0.001) and mandible (86.6% in cases and 10% in controls; p=<0.0001) were very evident in the case group when compared with controls. The radiographic density in case group showed significant change in maxilla (93.3% in cases&20% in controls; p=<0.0001) when compared to controls but interestingly negligible change was seen in mandible of both case and control groups (40% in cases and 23.3% of controls; p=0.1647).No significant change was observed in size of pulp chamber in both maxilla (86.6% in patients and 70% in controls; p=0.117)and mandible (63.3% in patients and 30% in controls; p=0.0096) in both case and control groups.
Conclusions: The results suggest that changes IOPA radiographic changes in Lamina dura, trabecular pattern and overall radiographic density can be a good prognostic tool for assessment and management CRF patients.
Keywords
IOPA, Lamina Dura, Trabecular Pattern, Radiographic Density, Pulp ChamberReferences
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- Factors Influencing Anaemia among Adolescent Girls from Urban Slums of Hyderabad - A Cross Sectional Cohort Study
Authors
1 Plot # 37-112/4, Sri Colony, Neredmet X Road, R. K. Puram, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 5, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 16-21Abstract
Background: In India, Iron deficiency anemia affects an estimated 50% of the population. In Andhra Pradesh, overall 50% of women have some degree of anemia. Adolescent girls are highly susceptible to anemia which is responsible for unwanted happening following delivery. This study was undertaken with the objectives of (i) identifying factors responsible for anemia in adolescent girls (ii) To promote safe mother hood by reducing anemia in adolescent girls.
Methodology: This is cross sectional, cohort study. The survey was carried out in 2 urban slums (Jangayya Nagar and NTR Nagar) of Hyderabad, India. The study group was formed of 300 adolescent girls and was followed for a period of 6 months from June 2010 to November 2010.The tool was a proforma which attempted to capture both qualitative and quantitative data. The data was entered on MS Excel and was analyzed using SPSS version software.
Results: The prevalence of anemia among literate girls was 77.3% while in illiterate girls it was 90%, among premenarcheal girls 31.6% where as for post menarcheal girls it was 48.3%, among the girls with < 38 kg weight it was 46.6% while in girls with > 38 kg it was 39.33% and in girls with BMI > 18.5 kg/m2 it was 21%. Out of 34 married adolescent girls 85.29 % were anaemic and 14.7% were non anaemic.
Conclusion: Improvement of literacy status is needed. All post Menarcheal girls should be supplemented with Iron and Folic acid tablets. Annual examination of blood for Hemoglobin percentage and stool for Helminthes infestation should be undertaken with periodic Deworming. Health education on the causation and prevention of anemia should be given to the community.