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Shukla, Pradeep
- Co-relation between Chronic Periodontitis and Anemia - a Pilot Study
Authors
1 Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, D J College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Periodontics and Implantology, D J College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 238-242Abstract
Aim: Anemia of chronic disease, a cytokine-mediated anemia, is a frequent complication of many chronic inflammatory conditions. The present case control study was aimed to evaluate levels of systemic hematological markers indicative of anemia in patients with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis.
Methods: A convenience quota sample of 110 systemically-healthy, urban, male patients of a town Modinagar district Ghaziabad (42 Kms from New Delhi), comprised two groups, based on full mouth periodontal examination: group A patients (n = 50) were diagnosed with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis, and group B patients comprised the control group (n = 50), which included patients with a clinically-healthy periodontium. Out of these 10 patients were eliminated due to diagnosis of systemic diseases. Laboratory blood investigations included hemoglobin (g%), total number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), hematocrit/packed cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. An analysis was done to compare the mean values of hematological parameters within groups.
The mean values of hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower, while the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in group A patients compared to those in group B, indicating mild anemia.
Conclusions: Severe periodontal disease can be linked with anemic status.
Keywords
Anemia of Chronic Disease, Periodontitis, Anemia
References
- Newman M, Takei H, Klokkevold P, Carranza F. Clinical Periodontology. 10 th ed. W.B. Saunders; 2006.
- Hutter JW, van der Velden U, Huffels RAM, Hoek FJ, Loos BG. Lower numbers of erythrocytes and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28:930-6.
- Grossi SG, Mealey BL, Rose LF. Effect of periodontal infection on systemic health and well being. In: Rose LF, Mealey BL, Genco RJ, Cohen DW, ed. Periodontics: medicine, surgery and implants. St Louis: Elsevier, 2004: 846–7.
- Research and Science Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology. Position Paper-Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 935–45.
- Waerhaug JH. Prevalence of periodontal disease in Ceylon. Acta Odontol Scand 1967;25: 205- 31.
- Baelum V, Fejerskov O, Manji F. Periodontal diseases in adult Kenyans. J Clin Periodontol 1988; 15: 455–452.
- Rahimah AK. Profile of periodontal conditions in selected West Malaysian adults. Singapore Dent J 1994; 19: 4–7.
- Malhotra P, Kumari S, Kumar R,Varma S. Prevalence of anaemia in adult rural population of north India. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52: 18–20.
- Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1011–23.
- Lee GR. The anemia of chronic disease. Semin Hematol 1983; 20(2): 61-80.
- Beutler E. The common anemias. JAMA 1988; 259(16): 2433-2437.
- Means RT, Jr., Krantz SB. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 1992; 80(7): 1639-1647.
- Means RT, Jr. Advances in the anemia of chronic disease. Int J Hematol 1999; 70(1): 7-12.
- Hutter JW, Velden UVD, Varoufaki A, Huffels RAM, Hork FJ, Loos BG. Lower numbers of erythrocytes and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2001; 28: 930–6.
- Erdemir EO, Nalcaci R, Caglayan O. Evaluation of systemic markers related to anemia of chronic disease in the peripheral blood of smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2008; 2: 102–9.
- Wakai K, Kawamura T, Umemura O et al. Associations of medical status and physical fitness with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26: 664–72.
- Havemose-Poulsen A, Westergaard J, Stoltze K et al. Periodontal and hematological characteristics associated with aggressive periodontitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. J Periodontal 2006; 77: 280–8.
- Means RT. Hepcidin and cytokines in anemia. Hematology 2004; 9:357–62.
- Lea JP, Norris K, Agodoa L. The role of anemia management in improving outcomes for African- Americans with chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2008; 28: 732–43.
- Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1011–23.
- Thomas B, Ramesh A, Ritesh K. Relationship between periodontitis and erythrocyte count. JISP 2006;10:288-91.
- Rai B, Kharb S. Effect of Scaling and Root Planning in Periodontitis on Peripheral Blood. IJDS 2008; 6(1).
- Leifert JA. Anemia and cigarette smoking. Int J Lab Hematol 2008; 30: 177–84. Bergstrom J. Cigarette smoking as risk factor in chronic periodontal disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989; 17: 245–7.
- Bergstrom J. Cigarette smoking as risk factor in chronic periodontal disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989; 17: 245–7.
- Zuckerman K. Approach to the anemia’s. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil medicine, 23rd edn. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 2007: 1179–86.
- Guyatt GH, Patterson C, Ali M et al. Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly. Am J Med 1990; 88: 205–9.
- Vreugdenhil G, Baltus CAM, Van Eijk HG, Swakk AJG. Anemia of chronic disease: diagnostic significance of erythrocyte and serological parameters in iron deficient rheumatoid arthritis patients. Br J Rheumatol 1990;29:105–10.
- Wians FH Jr, Urban JE, Keffer JH, Kroft SH. Discriminating between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease using traditional indices of iron status vs transferring receptor concentration. Am J Clin
- Co-relation between Chronic Periodontitis and Anemia - a Pilot Study
Authors
1 Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, D J College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar -201204, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Periodontics and Implantology, D J College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar -201204, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 3, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 97-100Abstract
Aim
Anemia of chronic disease, a cytokine-mediated anemia, is a frequent complication of many chronic inflammatory conditions. The present case control study was aimed to evaluate levels of systemic hematological markers indicative of anemia in patients with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis.
Methods
A convenience quota sample of 110 systemically-healthy, urban, male patients of a town Modinagar district Ghaziabad (42 Kms from New Delhi), comprised two groups, based on full mouth periodontal examination: group A patients (n = 50) were diagnosed with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis, and group B patients comprised the control group (n = 50), which included patients with a clinically-healthy periodontium. Out of these 10 patients were eliminated due to diagnosis of systemic diseases. Laboratory blood investigations included hemoglobin (g%), total number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), hematocrit/packed cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. An analysis was done to compare the mean values of hematological parameters within groups.
Results
The mean values of hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower, while the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in group A patients compared to those in group B, indicating mild anemia.
Conclusions
Severe periodontal disease can be linked with anemic status.
Keywords
Anemia of Chronic Disease, Periodontitis, AnemiaReferences
- Newman M, Takei H, Klokkevold P, Carranza F. Clinical Periodontology. 10 th ed. W.B. Saunders; 2006.
- Hutter JW, van der Velden U, Huffels RAM, Hoek FJ, Loos BG. Lower numbers of erythrocytes and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28:930-6.
- Grossi SG, Mealey BL, Rose LF. Effect of periodontal infection on systemic health and well being. In: Rose LF, Mealey BL, Genco RJ, Cohen DW, ed. Periodontics: medicine, surgery and implants. St Louis: Elsevier, 2004: 846–7.
- Research and Science Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology. Position Paper-Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 935–45.
- Waerhaug JH. Prevalence of periodontal disease in Ceylon. Acta Odontol Scand 1967;25: 205- 31.
- Baelum V, Fejerskov O, Manji F. Periodontal diseases in adult Kenyans. J Clin Periodontol 1988; 15: 455–452.
- Rahimah AK. Profile of periodontal conditions in selected West Malaysian adults. Singapore Dent J 1994; 19: 4–7.
- Malhotra P, Kumari S, Kumar R,Varma S. Prevalence of anaemia in adult rural population of north India. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52: 18–20.
- Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1011–23.
- Lee GR. The anemia of chronic disease. Semin Hematol 1983; 20(2): 61-80.
- Beutler E. The common anemias. JAMA 1988; 259(16): 2433- 2437.
- Means RT, Jr., Krantz SB. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 1992; 80(7): 1639-1647.
- Means RT, Jr. Advances in the anemia of chronic disease. Int J Hematol 1999; 70(1): 7-12.
- Hutter JW, Velden UVD, Varoufaki A, Huffels RAM, Hork FJ, Loos BG. Lower numbers of erythrocytes and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2001; 28: 930–6.
- Erdemir EO, Nalcaci R, Caglayan O. Evaluation of systemic markers related to anemia of chronic disease in the peripheral blood of smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2008; 2: 102–9.
- Wakai K, Kawamura T, Umemura O et al. Associations of medical status and physical fitness with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26: 664–72.
- Havemose-Poulsen A, Westergaard J, Stoltze K et al. Periodontal and hematological characteristics associated with aggressive periodontitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. J Periodontal 2006; 77: 280–8.
- Means RT. Hepcidin and cytokines in anemia. Hematology 2004; 9:357–62.
- Lea JP, Norris K, Agodoa L. The role of anemia management in improving outcomes for African-Americans with chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2008; 28: 732–43.
- Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1011–23.
- Thomas B, Ramesh A, Ritesh K. Relationship between periodontitis and erythrocyte count. JISP 2006;10:288-91. 22. Rai B, Kharb S. Effect of Scaling and Root Planning in Periodontitis on Peripheral Blood. IJDS 2008; 6(1).
- Leifert JA. Anemia and cigarette smoking. Int J Lab Hematol 2008; 30: 177–84. Bergstrom J. Cigarette smoking as risk factor in chronic periodontal disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989; 17: 245–7.
- Bergstrom J. Cigarette smoking as risk factor in chronic periodontal disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989; 17: 245–7.
- Zuckerman K. Approach to the anemia’s. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil medicine, 23rd edn. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 2007: 1179–86.
- Guyatt GH, Patterson C, Ali M et al. Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly. Am J Med 1990; 88: 205–9.
- Vreugdenhil G, Baltus CAM, Van Eijk HG, Swakk AJG. Anemia of chronic disease: diagnostic significance of erythrocyte and serological parameters in iron deficient rheumatoid arthritis patients. Br J Rheumatol 1990;29:105–10.
- Wians FH Jr, Urban JE, Keffer JH, Kroft SH. Discriminating between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease using traditional indices of iron status vs transferring receptor concentration. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 115: 112–8.