Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Jayamathi Govindaraj ¹, Keerthidaa Govindaraj ², S. Raghavendra Jayesh ³, Padmavathy Kesavaram ⁴, U. Vidyarekha ⁵

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Pallikaranai, IN
2 MDS Department of Periodontics, Thai Mookambihai Dental College and Hospital, MGR University, Maduravoyal, IN
3 Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, (BIHER) Pallikaranai, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Pallikaranai, IN
5 Senior Lecturer in Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath institute of Higher education and Research, Pallikaaranai, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were once considered to be deleterious agents, contributing to a vast range of pathologies. Both their damaging and beneficial effects are initiated when they target distinct molecules and consequently begin functioning as part of complex signal-transduction pathways. The recognition of ROS as signaling mediators has driven a wealth of research into their roles in both normal and pathophysiological states. The present review assesses the outline of current perspectives on redox-signaling mechanisms.

Keywords

Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide.

Full Text

     

Jayamathi Govindaraj ¹, Keerthidaa Govindaraj ², S. Raghavendra Jayesh ³, Padmavathy Kesavaram ⁴, U. Vidyarekha ⁵

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Pallikaranai, IN
2 MDS Department of Periodontics, Thai Mookambihai Dental College and Hospital, MGR University, Maduravoyal, IN
3 Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, (BIHER), Pallikaranai, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Pallikaranai, IN
5 Senior Lecturer in Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath institute of Higher education and Research, Pallikaaranai, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Adipocytokines are mainly adipocyte-derived cytokines regulating metabolism and are key regulators of insulin resistance. Visfatin is a newly discovered adipocyte hormone with a direct relationship type 2 diabetes mellitus. Visfatin/NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) is a protein with diverse functions. Although the first discovery of this molecule as a pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor suggested primarily a cytokine function, its rediscovery as the key enzyme in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide generation has considerably widened its potential biological activities. Its broad spectrum of effects is being regarded as a potential approach to prevent and treat various pathological conditions.

Keywords

Adipose Tissue, Adipokines, Quinolinc Acid, Insulin Resistance.

Full Text

     

Kiruthiga Alexander ¹, Padmavathy Kesavaram ², Shabana Praveen ³, Sumathi Gnanadesikan ⁴, Jeevan Malaiyan ⁵

Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral and Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral and Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, IN
3 4ead, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meitra Hospital, Calicut, IN
4 Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, IN
5 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Enterococci though being intestinal commensal flora have gained significance as a serious nosocomial pathogen owing to their exceptional ability to survive in the harsh environments and increasing high level resistance to antibiotics. The emergence of high level aminoglycoside resistant (HLAR) clinical enterococcal isolates is of serious concern worldwide and thwarts the available therapeutic options.

Materials and Method: A total of 25 non-repetitive isolates of Enterococci (E. faecalis (n = 15), E. faecium (n= 10)) recovered various clinical samples were screened for HLAR among the isolates was performed by disk diffusion method using High Level Gentamicin and High Level Streptomycin disks. The isolates were further confirmed as HLGR and HLSR by agar dilution method. Genes encoding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes (AGMEs) were detected by multiplex PCR. Susceptibility to linezolid was determined by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.

Results: All the 25 isolates of enterococci exhibited HLAR phenotype (resistant to HLG and/or HLS). Majority (96%) of the isolates were resistant to HLG and 64% were resistant to HLS. MIC of gentamicin was >500 μg/mL for HLG^R isolates and MIC of streptomycin was MIC > 2000 cg/mL for HLS^R isolates. In our study, 92% of the enterococci harbored aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’)-Ia and/or aph(3’)-IIIa. Of note, 15(60%) of the enterococci exhibited dual resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin (HLG^RHLS^R). Nevertheless, 92% of the isolates were found to be susceptible to linezolid.

Conclusion: Prompt detection and characterization of HLAR among clinical strains of Enterococci within our setting is very essential as few of them exhibit co-resistance to glycopeptides and have lost synergism with the cell wall active agents

Keywords

AGMEs, E. faecalis, E. faecium, HLAR, HLG, HLS.

Full Text