Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, Karthika Nagarajan ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Epithelial dysplasia, a tearm becoming increasingly referred to as intraepithelial neoplasia, is the sum of various disturbances of epithelial proliferation and differentiation as seen microscropically. Individual cellular feature of dysplasia are called epithelial atypia. Studying on individual dysplastic feature in microscope is a little difficult during the early period on viewing neoplastic tissue when comparing to the normal structure. This article briefly views on each dysplastic features along with referral hand drawn images for easy understanding.

Keywords

Dysplasia, Pleomorphism, Nucleus, Atypia.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ², N. Anitha ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Palatal swellings can at times be a challenging task for a clinician to diagnose. A mass or swelling of the palate can result from developmental, inflammatory, reactive or a neoplastic process. In differential diagnosis, swellings of origin must be considered for diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews various non-neoplastic palatal swellings.

Keywords

Palatal Swelling, Palate, Begin, Non-Neoplastic.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ¹, L. Malathy ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

TMJ is a unique joint in which translatory as well as rotational movements are possible and where both the ends of bone articulate, in the same plane, with that of other bone. It is a hinge that connect the jaw to the temporal bones of the skull,which are in front of each ear. Temperomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases and disorders are refered to a complex and less understood set of conditions,and disorders of TMJ are manifested by pain in the area of the jaw and associated muscles, and limitations in the ability to make the normal movements of speech, facial expression, eating, chewing, and swallowing. Among the various disorders of TMJ this article is focused on a brief review on TMJ Arthritis.

Keywords

TMJ, Arthritis, Disorder, TMJ Pain.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, L. Malathi ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

By definition Dental caries is an irreversible microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth, which often leads to cavitations. The etiology of dental caries is generally agreed to be a complex problem complicated by many indirect factors that obscure the direct cause or causes. There is no universally accepted opinion for the etiology of dental caries. The oral flora and the saliva plays a very important contributing factor in dental caries. Saliva is the most valuable oral fluid is critical to the preservation and management of oral health. Saliva containing various organic and inorganic substances provides primary natural protection for teeth and soft tissues in the oral cavity assists in mastication, deglutition and digestion of food. The secretion of saliva can be affected due to various local and systemic causes. However if a patient is taking medication and has altered salivary secretion the differential diagnosis should include the possibility of an adverse drug reaction. The drugs may lead to alteration in the flow rate of saliva. Salivary dysfunction as a clinical entity has received considerable attention in recent years. This article critically reviews the dental hard tissue alterations especially dental caries that are caused due to reduced salivary secretion as a result of long term medication.

Keywords

Dental Caries, Medication, Dry Mouth, Hyposalivation.

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N. Anitha ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ², L. Malathi ¹, P. Sangeetha Priya ³, N. Aravindha Babu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Professor and Head, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
4 Professor, Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Geriatrics, is a specialty that focuses on health care of elderly people. It aims to promote health by preventing and treating diseases and disabilities in older adults. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set 55 as the beginning of old age. Living a long life can be attributed to a number of factors, such as improvements in the standard of living, better sanitation, nutrition, and healthier lifestyles. This review discusses on the importance of evaluating the oral health of the geriatric population in a detailed manner, beyond simple clinical assessments to look for, understand and diagnose possible signs and symptoms or oral pathoses in the elderly.

Keywords

Geriatric Dentistry, Old Age, Aging.

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E. Rajesh ¹, P. Sangeetha Priya ², N. Aravindha Babu ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

These days, consuming alcohol is a common feature among all regional population irrespective of age and gender. However, the drinking alcohol is associated with a risk of adverse health and social effects, consumption of alcohol inevitably affects the oral cavity, oral mucosa and teeth. Literature indicates that alcohol dependents may have increased risk of dental caries, probing pocket depth and mucosal lesions related to its intoxicating, toxic and dependence-producing properties. Hence, a short review has been attempted to evaluate the effect of alcohol on oral health.

Keywords

Alcohol, Diseases, Periodontitis.

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L. Malathi ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², P. Sangeetha Priya ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

The initial dissection and preparation of any specimen for histological or microscopic analysis involves more than simply the transcribed macroscopic description and sampling of the specimen. Grossing is a gross examination of surgical specimens in which pathologists inspect the excised specimen with the bare eye to obtain diagnostic information. Grossing of surgical pathology specimens isthe first and an important step in tissue processing, leading to diagnosis. It forms a connecting link between the patient and the pathologist. A correct grossing procedure helps in minimizing the processing errors while at the same time providing useful information about the specimen helping in the achievement of correct diagnosis. The purpose of this short review is to provide adequate insight about the grossing procedure of the pathologic specimens of the head and neck region and to emphasize the importance of grossing in diagnostic oral pathology and provide guidelines to carry out the procedure in a sequential order.

Keywords

Grossing, Fixative, Specimen, Diagnosis.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

On focus with route of drug administration, the oral cavity is an attractive and the safest site for the delivery of drugs. As an advantage it can overcome acidic environment thereby causing instability of the drug, extensive first pass metabolism and low bioavailability of drug results an inadequate absorption. The buccal mucosa is rich in blood supply and relatively permeable. Buccal cavity was found to be most accessible site for both local and systemic delivery of drug. This review presents a brief description of advantages and limitations of oral mucosal drug delivery, mechanisms of drug permeation followed by current developments in this drug delivery systems.

Keywords

Drug, Buccal, Sublingual.

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