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Sandhu, B. S.
- Comparison of Hair Follicle and Skin for Ante Mortem Detection of Rabies: a Molecular Approach
Authors
1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
2 School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 5, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 165-169Abstract
Background: Rabies is an enzootic, fatal disease and early detection of this disease is necessary. Till now a reliable diagnosis is possible only after death of animal.
Objectives: So the present study was undertaken to use the molecular approaches like nested RTPCR and SYBR Green real time PCR for early diagnosis of rabies in suspected animals using less invasive non neural tissues like skin biopsy and hair follicles.
Method: 12 cases of rabies suspected live animals were presented to the Veterinary Clinics, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India.
Results: The sensitivity of nested RT-PCR for hair follicles and skin samples was 50% and 57.1% respectively. A sensitivity of 62.5% and 71.4% was observed with real time PCR in hair follicles and skin samples.
Conclusion: We suggest that non-invasive molecular approaches may be used for the early and accurate diagnosis of rabies in animals.
Keywords
Diagnosis, Hair Follicle, Skin, Rabies
- Molecular Detection of Rabies from Milk
Authors
1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
2 School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 5, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 170-173Abstract
Background: Outward spread of rabies virus from the CNS leads to infection of almost all organs and have been reported in various secretions and excretions viz. saliva, urine, CSF, tears (corneal smear). Although transmission of rabies virus from consuming unpasteurized milk from an infected animal is theoretically possible, no human or animal has ever been reported to develop rabies via this route. Neither there had been any practical proof of making claim about shedding of rabies virus in milk. This work aimed to identify the presence of rabies virus in unpasteurized raw milk from naturally-infected animals that were confirmed positive for rabies by FAT on brain tissue.
Method: Out of total 25 animals showing clinical signs of rabies, milk sample was obtained from 17 lactating animals. Brief history was recorded and an attempt was made by employing advanced molecular approach TaqMan real time PCR on milk samples with an aim to detect the presence of rabies viral RNA. Confirmatory diagnosis of rabies was made by applying immunofluorescence techniques on brain tissue after death of an animal.
Results: The present finding depicts the presence of rabies viral RNA in 4/17(23.52%) milk sample with a sensitivity of 60% when compared with FAT applied on brain tissue.
Conclusion: A complete perusal of literature revealed that there had not been a single reported study to detect the presence of rabies viral RNA in milk samples. Although with this study it is now proved practically that rabies viral RNA can be found in milk samples from lactating animals however the infectivity of unpasteurized raw milk needs to be evaluated.