International Journal of Nursing Education https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne <div id="i-scholarabout">International Journal of Nursing Education“ is an International peer reviewed journal. It publishes scientific articles related to nursing and midwifery. The purpose of the journal is to bring advancement in nursing education. The journal publishes articles related to specialities of nursing education, care and practice. The journal is covered by Index Copernicus, Poland and is included in many international databases.</div> en-US rksharma1@gmail.com (Dr. R.K. Sharma) rksharma1@gmail.com (Dr. R.K. Sharma) Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 2.4.2.0 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Psychosocial Attributes of Partner Relationship:A Qualitative Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194250 Partner relationship refers to the degree of intimacy, affection and contentment felt by the couple in their relationship. Psycho-social attributes plays a vital role in maintaining a harmonious relationship between partners. The objectives of the study were to explore the psychological and social attributes of partner relationship among married and divorced males and females. Qualitative design was adopted using in-depth interviews and focus group discussion techniques. Ten psycho-social themes emerged after content analysis; viz communicating within family, mutual understanding, trust and commitment, love and caring, Personal attributes, bonding with children, Influence of support system, satisfying sexual life, exploitation and conflict resolution and coping styles. The study can be useful in couple counseling sessions and pre-marital guidance programme for identifying and foreseeing the major psycho-social areas of concern in a marital relationship, thereby equip them to handle the discrepancies tactfully and effectively. G. Mini, M. K. C. Nair, Sasikumar Asha, S. Remadevi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194250 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Job Stress between Male and Female Health Workers in Selected Primary Health Centres https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194251 The research approach adopted for this study was comparative and descriptive survey. Objectives are to assess the job stress experienced by the male and female health workers. Compare the job stress of male and female health workers. Associate the job stress of male and female health workers with their selected demographic variables. A study was conducted in selected Primary Health Centre (Shanthigram, Dudda, Mosahalli, Salgama, Pension mohala) at Hassan. A sample comprised of 30 male and 30 female health workers on the alternative days the investigator selected 4 health workers by using Non-probability convenient sampling. The research design selected for the study was descriptive non-experimental design. The tool was used for the data collection was structured interview questionnaire, which has two sections. Section-A provides about socio-demographic data and section-B deals with job stress scale. The results of this study showed that the overall mean job stress score of male health workers was 27.92 with the standard deviation 23.14 and female health workers was 24.33 with the standard deviation 6.38. The overall mean job stress score of female health workers was significantly less than the male health workers. The ANOVA value was significant at p &lt; 0.01 level showed that there was an association between satisfactions of job with the job stress male health workers. The ANOVA value was significant at p &lt; 0.05 level showed that there was an association between leisure time activities and habitants with the job stress female health workers. There was no significant association between job stress and demographic variables like age type of family, number of children, social support, religion, additional qualification, income, working hours and year of experience. D. Gopi, G. R. Savitha https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194251 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Information Education and Communication on Knowledge Regarding Suicide and its Prevention among Adolescents in Selected Schools of Panipat https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194252 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Suicide is a problem of both public and mental health and is a leading cause of death especially among adolescents. Considering the high rates in adolescents the importance of providing information education and communication helps in promoting social integration and preventing suicide among adolescents.</p><p><strong>Aims and Objectives:</strong> Study intended to evaluate the effectiveness of information education and communication regarding suicide and its prevention among adolescents in experimental group.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Evaluative research approach was selected and true experimental research design was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness. Total sample size was 60 and in each group 30 samples were recruited through systematic random sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was developed and data was collected from the samples through self –reporting questionnaire method. The collected data were analysed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics by using SPSS (IBM Version 20).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The post - test mean score among samples in experimental group was 17.23 (σ = 4.04) and in control group was 9.58 (σ = 3.24). Independent ‘t’ test value was 8.0909 for the degree of freedom 58 and it is statistically significant at P value &lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Evidence obtained from the current study shows improvements in adolescent’s knowledge and awareness about suicide and its prevention. This programme also increased the problem-solving skills and self-efficacy as well as reductions in self-reported suicide vulnerability.</p> Gurpreet Kaur, R. Sathish https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194252 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Family Intervention on Relapse Rate of Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194253 A study was done to determine the effectiveness of family intervention on relapse rate of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome, in selected De-addiction centre. Objectives were (1) Determine the effectiveness of family intervention on relapse rate of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome. (2) Identify the effectiveness of family intervention on Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) levels of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome. True experimental approach with pre test, post test control group design was used for 100 samples, 50 each of control and experimental groups by simple random sample. Research tools were structured questionnaire for personal data and AWARE (Advance Warning Signs of Relapse) scale. Friedman’s RM ANOVA on ranks by Dunn’s method and Mann Whitney rank sum test were used to evaluate the relapse rate of control and experimental groups. The pre test and post test GGT values of control and experimental groups were evaluated by unpaired ‘t’ test. The study concluded that family interventions was effective for reducing relapse rate, GGT level showed a significant decrease in the experimental group compared to control group. Jibby Varghese, J. Silvia Edison, R. Vijayaraghavan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194253 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Occupational Health Hazards among the Housekeeping Staff in Selected Hospitals of Panipat https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194254 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Studies on hospital cleaning staff are scarce. Hospital cleaning is far more complex than cleaning offices or schools. Hospital cleaning therefore requires teaching and training. They are liable to hazards of several magnitudes. Regular teaching of basic microbiological principles for all cleaning staff, and assessment of hazards have proved beneficial.</p><p><strong>Aims:</strong> To assess the knowledge of housekeeping staff regarding occupational health hazards.</p><p><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> The methodology of the presents study was a pre experimental research design. Sample size of the study was 60 selected with non-propability sampling technique. Self-structured knowledge questionnaire on occupational health Hazards among housekeeping staff was used ford at a collection. Data collection method was self-reporting questionnaire method; data analysis was done with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The results of the study shows that in pre-test, housekeeping staff were having an average 75% knowledge regarding selected questionnaire on occupational health hazards and mean score was 18.77 in post-test, average 86.66% knowledge regarding selected questionnaire on occupational health hazards and means score was 22.93, The post-test mean knowledge score is significantly greater than the pre-test mean knowledge score so structured teaching programme was effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of housekeeping staff regarding occupational health Hazards.</p> Jyoti, Meena Kumari https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194254 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Pre-experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Psychological Effects of Computer Addiction Professionals among the IT in a Selected Setting, Bangalore https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194255 ‘A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding psychological effects of computer addiction among the IT Professionals in a selected setting, Bangalore’. Objectives are assesses and compares the pre and post-test level of knowledge regarding psychological effects of computer addiction. Quantitative Pre -experimental one group pre-test and post- test only design. Setting was Cerulean Information Technology Pvt Ltd, Bangalore. 60 IT Professionals Self–administered structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Findings, at the pretest level majority of the IT Professionals (52) had inadequate knowledge, 5 had moderately adequate knowledge, 3 had adequate knowledge. At the post test level most of the IT Professionals 37 had adequate knowledge and 23 had moderately adequate knowledge. There is a significant difference between the pre and posttest level of knowledge among IT Professionals. There is a statistically significant association of mean improvement knowledge score of IT Professionals with their selected demographic variables. Majority of the IT Professionals 37 exhibited adequate level of knowledge in the post test. M. Karthik https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194255 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Prenatal Education on Awareness Regarding Anemia and its Effect on Health among Primi Antenatal Mothers https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194256 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Anemia is a common problem among pregnant women, and continues to be a major public health problem worldwide with highest prevalence in developing countries. It affects half a billion women of reproductive age worldwide, and in India, prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is highest in the world that is 80%. It’s largely preventable and treatable where nutritional education plays significant role, thus present study was undertaken with objectives of testing effectiveness of prenatal education on awareness regarding anemia and its effect on health.</p><p><strong>Material and Method:</strong> A quasi experimental study was conducted in Pravara Rural Hospital at OBGY OPD of Pravara Rural Hospital among 30 purposefully selected primi antenatal mothers. The prenatal education was implemented to assess the effectiveness on awareness on anemia where pre test and post test design without control group was used. The pre tested (validity, reliability and pilot testing) structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics wherever is required as per the objectives and hypotheses.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The findings of the study revealed that the prenatal education was found effective in improving the awareness on anemia and its effect on health, and was evident from the difference between pretest (8.5±2.21) and post test (18.4±1.06) mean scores which was found statistically significant difference. The chi square analysis showed a statistically significant association between the awareness and variables like age (x<sup>2</sup> = 3.89) and education (x<sup>2</sup> = 4.16) at p&lt;0.05 level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The major conclusion drawn from the study that the prenatal education was found to be cost effective intervention in enhancing the awareness of primi antenatal mothers regarding anemia and its effect on health. The prevention of anemia and its complications are paramount important during antenatal period where the prenatal education plays vital part in early recognition and prevention of anemia.</p> Mangala S. Khadse, Bharati Weljale https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194256 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Perceived Impact of Anger on QOL of Working Adults in a Selected Institute of Dehradun https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194257 <p>Anger is a completely normal, usually healthy, human emotion.” However, when it gets out of control it can become destructive. Uncontrollable anger can lead to serious problems at work and in personal relationships. An exploratory study was conducted on anger, and perceived impact of anger on QOL of working adults in a selected institute of Dehradun with the aim of to identify the risk population and explore the perceived impact of anger on QOL.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> Quantitative survey approach descriptive design was used in the study to assess the perceived impact of anger on QOL. The study was by using Quota Sampling technique to select the study subjects. Data was collected from 210 working adults by using Socio-Demographic Performa, Clinical Anger Assessment Scale And Perceived Impact Of Anger Assessment Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20. The result showed that two third (67.1%) of the study participants were male. Mean age of the participants was 35 ± 8.2 and all the participants were aged between 20 and 56 year. The mean anger score was 9.02 ± 6.64 and the range was 0-32. More than one fourth of the study participants (76%) reported minimal clinical anger. The result shown that More than half (51%) of the study participants feel increase in their heartbeat when they get angry, loss control on their emotion because of anger and feel guilt after showing anger. Three fourth (75%) of the study participants feel sad as well when they get angry. Around two third (61%) of the study participants sometimes to always cry when they get angry. The perceived impact of anger was comparatively rated higher in the emotional area than other areas. The findings have also suggested that female have more anger as compare to male.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Anger affect many aspect of Quality of Life such as Physical quality of life, emotional quality of life, Occupational quality of life and Social quality of life.</p> Pooja Dhasmana, Grace Singh, Muthuvenkatachalam Srinivasan, Saurabh Kumar https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194257 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge and Practice in Prevention of Recurrence of Myocardial Infarction among Post Coronary Angioplasty Patients https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194258 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world and India. According to World Health Organisation survivors of Myocardial Infarction (MI) are at increased risk of recurrent infarctions and have an annual death rate of 5% - six times that in people of the same age who do not have coronary heart disease. The present study was aimed at assessing the effect of video assisted teaching on knowledge and practice regarding recurrence of myocardial infarction. The objectives of the study were to assess the pre-test level of knowledge and practice in prevention of recurrence of MI among post coronary angioplasty patients, determine the effect of video assisted teaching on level of knowledge and practice in prevention of recurrence of MI among post coronary angioplasty patients and associate the selected sociodemographic and clinical data variables with pre-test level of knowledge and practice on prevention of recurrence of MI among post coronary angioplasty patients.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Quasi experimental approach with one group pre-test post-test design was used. Data were collected from 40 post angioplasty patients using simple random sampling. Pre-test was conducted using structured knowledge questionnaire and structured practice checklist followed by administration of video assisted teaching. Post-test was done on 15th day.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of the samples 33(82.5%) were males. About 27 (67.5%) were having family history of cardiac and vascular disorders. Only 15 (37.5%) maintained ideal body weight. Wilcoxon signed rank test showed a highly significant (p&lt;0.001) difference in the pre-test and post-test scores. The pre-test and post-test knowledge score were 8.05 ± 4.35 and 21.13 ± 2.289 respectively (p &lt;0.001). The pre-test and post-test practice score were 4.75 ± 2.048 and 14.08 ± 0.829 respectively (p &lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Video assisted teaching was effective in improving level of knowledge and practice in prevention of recurrence of MI among patients who had undergone coronary angioplasty.</p> M. Princy Francis, Angela Gnanadurai, Philo Resmi, Bino Benjamin https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194258 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A True Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Helfer Skin Tap Technique on the Level of Pain during Intramuscular Injection of Tetanus Toxoid among Antenatal Mothers in a selected Hospital of Delhi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194259 A True experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Helfer skin tap technique on the level of pain during intramuscular injection of Tetanus Toxoid among Antenatal Mothers in a selected Hospital of Delhi and to find out the association between the level of pain experienced by Antenatal Mothers during intramuscular injection using Helfer skin tap technique and selected variables. A total of sixty sample were randomly assigned into 2 groups (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group)using simple random sampling technique. Structured interview schedule was used to collect the demographic characteristics and clinical health data. For the administration of intramuscular injection, Helfer skin tap technique was used for the experimental group and routine technique was used for the control group. Immediately after the administration, the post test pain score was obtained using Numeric pain rating scale. Findings revealed that the mean post test pain score and standard deviation of the experimental group was 1.13 ±1.11 whereas of the control group was 4.23±2.01. The calculated ‘t’ test value 4.42 was found significant at p≤ 0.05. Significant association was found between the level of pain experienced by Antenatal Mothers during intramuscular injection with Helfer skin tap technique and selected variables such as religion and Body Mass Index but no association was found with other selected variables. The study results showed that Helfer skin tap technique was effective in reducing the level of pain during intramuscular injection. M. Rautela, S. Thomas, P. D. Rita https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194259 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Acute Coronary Syndrome Algorithm on Nursing Management of Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome among Staff Nurse of Selected Hospital Waghodia https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194260 <p><strong>Background:</strong> In the Asia for more than 4.2 billion populations is suffer with the ACS. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is now a major cause of death in the hospital the mortality is more than 5%.<sup>1</sup> So it is important to enhance the knowledge and practice regarding ACS algorithm among staff nurses.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Qualitative research approach with pre- experimental one group pre-test and post-test design with non-probability convenience sampling was used to collect the 70 samples. A structured knowledge questionnaires and Practice checklist was prepared to assess the knowledge and practice of staff nurses.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> With regards to the pre-test assessment the score of 24(34%) subject was having moderate level of knowledge and 46(66%) subjects were having inadequate knowledge while in post-test 5(7%) of subject having moderate level of knowledge and 65(93%) subject having adequate level of knowledge The obtained pre-test mean score was 7.14 and post- test mean score was 15.24 the mean difference of the pre-test and post- test is 8.10 which shows the improvement in the level of knowledge among subjects, The pre-test SD was 1.35 and post- test SD 1.33 The obtained pair “t” test value 33.270, df=69 significant at 0.05 level. Whereas the pre-test score of practice shows 23(32.85%) subjects had inadequate practice and 47(67.14%) subjects had moderate practice, the post test data revels that 24(34.28%) subjects were had moderate practice and 46(65.71%) subjects had adequate practice towards ACS. The obtained pair “t” test value 27.790, df=69 shows significant at 0.05 level. It indicates that there was increased in the level of knowledge and improves practice towards acute coronary syndrome after providing nursing care algorithm. So that H<sub>1</sub> research hypothesis accepted. The pre-test practice score had not significant association all demographic variable so H<sub>2</sub> research hypothesis was rejected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of the study concluded that majority of subjects had inadequate level of knowledge and adequate practice. The nursing care ACS algorithm was effective among staff nurses in improving knowledge (t (69) = 33.270) and practice (t (69) = 27.790) significant at 0.05 level regarding acute coronary syndrome.</p> H. N. Ravindra, Manish Prajapat, Dayanand Balagavi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194260 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of SOP on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Nursing Management of Patient During Hemodialysis Procedure among Staff Nurses of Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194261 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic kidney disease affected 753 million people globally in 2016, including 417 million females and 336 million males.<sup>1</sup> So it is important to enhance the knowledge and practice regarding nursing management of patient during hemodialysis among staff nurses.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Quantitative research approach with pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted and sample was selected by using non-probability convenience sampling technique which consists of 90 samples. Aself-structured knowledge questionnaires and practice checklist was prepared to assess the knowledge and practice of staff nurses.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> With regards to the pre-test knowledge, the score of 19 (21.1%) staff nurses had adequate level of knowledge and 71(78.9%) had inadequate knowledge, while in post-test 80(88.9%) had excellent knowledge, 4(4.4%)had inadequate level of knowledge and 6(6.7%) of them had adequate knowledge. The obtained pre-test mean score was 8.61 and after providing SOP it increased to 13.83, the mean difference of the pre-test and post-test was 5.22. The standard deviation (SD) of pre-test &amp; post-test was 35.99 &amp; 18.8. The obtained paired “t” test value was 43.57, significant at 0.05 level. Whereas the pre-test score of practice shown 51 (56.67%) had inadequate practice and 39 (43.33%) had adequate practice, the post-test data reveals that 80 (88.9%) had excellent score towards practice. The obtained pre-test practice of mean score was 8.68 and post-test of practice mean score was 13.88 of staff nurses. The mean difference of the pre test and post test of practice score was 5.2 the pre-test SD of practice score was 0.89 and post-test SD 0.79 the obtained paired ‘t’ test value 45.11, shows significant at 0.05 level. It indicates that there was increased in the level of knowledge and practice towards nursing management of patient during hemodialys is after providing SOP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of the study concluded that majority of staff nurses were having inadequate level of knowledge and average practice. The SOP was effective among staff nurses in improving knowledge (t (89) = 43.57) and practice score (t (89) =45.11) significant at 0.05 level regarding nursing management of patient during hemodialysis.</p> H. N. Ravindra, Veena Rathwa, Dayanand Balagavi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194261 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Assessment of Obstetric and Foetal Outcome among Unbooked Mothers at Alqassimi Womens and Children Hospital, Sharjah https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194262 <p>A retrospective study was been undertaken to determine the obstetrical and fetal outcome among unbooked mother’s in a teritiary referral hospital. This study is to rule out the fetal and obstetrical outcome such as asphyxia, abruptio placenta; etc .</p><p>A quantitative research approach is used. The data were been collected using electronic medical record of the unbooked population and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Among 100 unbooked 74% are from Sharjah and 25% from Ajman. 82% are anemic. These few complications out of the vast leads on to life threatening situations. The Primary Health Center accessibility towards these vulnerable population have to be drastically improved that indirectly graphs up the maternal and fetal health.</p> Sameera Suleiman, Sinu Pappan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194262 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Job Satisfaction among Nurses Working at Primary Health Center in Ras Al Khaimah, United States Emirates https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194263 A descriptive study was undertaken to explore the job satisfaction level among nurses and the factors associated,among public health nurses working in RAK, UAE. A quantitative research approach has been used .The data was collected using four sections of questionnaire-demographic variable, measures of job satisfaction, extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The data was analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation). The intrinsic factors associated with the nurse’s satisfaction were regular promotions (0.45,95%),professional autonomy and advancement opportunities. Intrinsic factors associated with decrease in job satisfaction were work load, disruption in social life. Extrinsic factor that cause job satisfaction is group cohesion, respect from the management and regular feedback (0.52, 95%), However not being paid fairly was the major reason for dissatisfaction. The finding of the research may help the policy makers and practice leaders to set plans and policies for retention and increase in nurse’s job satisfaction. Sameera suleiman, Shukri Adam https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194263 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Predictors of Mortality in Pediatrics Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation:Observational Multicenter Study https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194264 <p><strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aimed to identify predictors of mortality related to the quality of CPR, victims’ pre-CPR characteristics, and the resuscitation characteristics.</p><p><strong>Design and Method:</strong> A descriptive observational design with a non-active approach was used. Data collectors observed the implementation of CPR then recorded the parameters of interest against a pre-structured checklist. A total of 242 CPR events were observed. The study took place in three medical centers in Jordan.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The study showed that victims whose CPR took place in the emergency room and those admitted with cardiac and respiratory diseases were more likely to resume spontaneous breathing and circulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Early identification of patients at high risk for mortality would help to reduce the rate of mortality through quick response and proper resuscitation.</p> Sami M. Aloush, Badria M. Abdelhameed, Amina I. Badawy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194264 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Pre-experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program Regarding Knowledge about Home Management of Selected Common Illnesses in Pre-school Children among Mothers Residing in Rural Area of Panipat https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194265 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Child care is mostly responsibility of mothers. Therefore, the mother’s knowledge about child care influences the nature and quality of care that is given to the child. Several studies have revealed that the mother’s level of education has a positive impact on her knowledge and how she deals with child health care issues.</p><p><strong>Aims:</strong> To assess the knowledge about home management of common illness.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A one group pre-test post-test pre-experimental design and evaluative approach adopted. The study was conducted among 60 mothers conveniently selected from rural area of Panipat.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The results of the study shows that in pre-test, mothers were having poor knowledge 31.66%, Average knowledge 68.34% and good knowledge 0.00% regarding selected common illness of children and mean score was 11.57 in post-test, poor knowledge is 0.00%, average 41.66% and good knowledge is 58.34% regarding selected common illness of children and means score was 20.77, The post-test mean knowledge score is significantly greater than the pre-test mean knowledge score so structured teaching programme was effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study concluded that structure teaching programme was highly effective in improving knowledge of mothers about home management of common illness in children.</p> Sandhya Yadav, Meena Kumari https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194265 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Anxiety among Antenatal Mothers Attending Antenatal OPD of GGSMC & Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194266 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> During pregnancy many changes occur in women’s self-concept and the changes in their self-image and the shift in focus from themselves to the needs of the foetus and unfamiliar territory of pregnancy and early motherhood creates anxiety. Relaxation techniques are a great way to help in managing anxiety such as progressive muscle relaxation technique(PMRT) which may be very useful for treating anxiety symptoms during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study is to assess the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety among antenatal mothers.</p><p><strong>Material &amp; Method:</strong> Quasi Experimental design with two group pre-test and post-test design was used. Conceptual framework for the study was adopted from Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (1968) General System Model was chosen to conduct the study. Through convenience sampling, 35 subjects were selected in experimental and 35 in control group. Subjects in experimental group (n=35) were provided PMRT and conventional care and in control group (n=35) only conventional care was provided. Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and Socio demographic data sheet was used to collect the data.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Results revealed that there was significant difference in level of anxiety after four weeks of progressive muscle relaxation technique in experimental group (p value 0.005) as compared to control group. However, there was no association of pre-test level of anxiety with selected demographic variables</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concluded that progressive muscle relaxation technique was effective in reducing anxiety among antenatal mothers after 4 weeks of intervention in experimental group.</p> Shivani Sharma, Bhupinder Kaur https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194266 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Flipped Classroom Learning Experiences of Graduate Nursing Students in Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology in Midwifery Course https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194267 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Flipped classroom is designed as an educational innovation in order to enhance student’s critical thinking and problem-solving skill. It comprises in-class and out-of-class learning activities.</p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To describe students’ learning experiences of the flipped classroom activities, supporting learning environments and barriers to learning out comes.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> Descriptive qualitative research was employed. Participants were seven first year graduate nursing students enrolled in the Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology in Midwifery course. Three main active learning activities were: 1) participating in before class activities, 2) Practicing in class activities, and 3) checking understanding and extending after class learning outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Students who learned using a flipped classroom approach had positive experiences, achieved learning outcomes, and were satisfied with case analysis activities. Supporting learning environments were appropriate handouts, adequacy of learning materials, active involvement, interesting case study, and prior knowledge and experiences. Learning barriers were too much class work and activities in all courses and printed documents in English language.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The flipped classroom was effective to enhance students’ competencies in application of theoretical knowledge, critical thinking, and problem solving skill. It should be utilized in nursing education with a well-designed and well-prepared scheme to flip the class in appropriate courses.</p> Sununta Youngwanichsetha, Sureeporn Kritcharoen, Sopen Chunuan, Sasikarn Kala, Sasitorn Phumdoung https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194267 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Workplace Trust and Authentic Leadership as Predictors of Work-related Bullying among Staff Nurses https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194268 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Workplace trust is considered one of the most important factors for organizational success;trust can be achieved by authentic leaders when they are transparent and consistent toward their followers. Authentic leaders could make suitable work environment, where bullying doesn’t occur.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> Examine workplace trust and authentic leadership as predictors of work-related bullying among staff nurses. This study was carried out at Zagazig University hospitals, Egypt. For this research, a descriptive research design was used.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A stratified random sample of 403 staff nurses were selected from the aforementioned setting. Three tools were utilized for data collection: Authentic leadership questionnaire, workplace trust survey and negative acts questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Proved highly statistically significant positive correlation between workplace trust and authentic leadership (r=0.853, p &lt;0.001). Otherwise, workplace trust and authentic leadership were negatively and significantly correlated with workplace bullying (r=-0.473 &amp; -0.519, respectively, p &lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> authentic leadership and workplace trust are negative predictors of work-related bullying. Therefore, it is recommended to develop and implement authentic leadership practices a strategy for eliminating work-related bullying.</p> Aisha Elsayed-El Araby Abdelwahid https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194268 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Skills Laboratory Implementation Readiness and Associated Students Clinical Performance on Neonatal Resuscitation: A Cross-Sectional Study among Diploma Nursing Schools in Tanzania https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194269 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Skills laboratory is one of the most important components in nursing education as it bridges the gap between theory and practice among nursing students.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> Assessment of skills laboratory implementation readiness and associated student’s clinical performance on neonatal resuscitation among diploma nursing schools in Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> The study employed quantitative approach, the study design was cross-sectional. The sample size was 384 students from four regions including; Dodoma, Manyara, Morogoro and Mbeya. Multistage sampling was used to select zones, regions, and district; while proportional sampling and simple random sampling were used to select students in respective schools. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire, standardized checklist and OSPE checklist and analyzed by statistical packaged for social sciences (SPSS).</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The study had 384 participants’ with 56.0% female and 46% male participants. Findings show that 55.6% school had inadequate requirement in terms of furniture, models and infection control requirements. 71.1% of the respondents had good performance on neonatal resuscitation with the mean score of 60.3 %. 60.9% had positive perception toward the use of skills laboratory, and it was found that there is association between SLIR and student clinical performance on neonatal resuscitation with (OR=3.822, CI: 2.306 -6.333, P= 0.000) and (AOR= 0.260, CI: 0.119-0.337, P= 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Most of nursing schools had limited requirements for skill laboratory implementation. The ministry of health training department should ensure that all government and non-government nursing institutions abide to the requirement set that they should have a well- equipped skills laboratory that will impact on students’ performance.</p> Dafrosa Herman Haule, Stephen M. Kibusi, Secilia Kapalata Ng’weshemi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194269 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Comparison of the Effect of Lecture and Self-Centered Learning on the Creativity of Nursing Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194270 <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> Creativity is considered as the base of educational evolution. Creativity can increase awareness and ability as an important factor in students .To determine and compassion of two education Program of verbal training and self-centered study on the creativity of nursing students.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This semi experimental study was conducted on 80 second-semester students at nursing college in Kerman, Iran. Students were selected through available sampling. Before and after educational intervention, the students’ level of creativity was assessed with questionnaires and data were analyzed with statistical-analytical tests and SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A paired t-test revealed that there was no significant difference in the score of creativity before and after the lecture educational method(p-value&lt;0/36).The level of creativity in the self-centered learning group was significantly higher than that of students in the verbal training group(p&lt;0/000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study suggests a significant difference between self-directed learning and lecture groups so that a Significant increase in the score of creativity was observed in the self-centered learning group and the score of creativity is higher in the self-directed learning than in the verbal method of learning.</p> Faezeh Soltani Goki, Seyed Fakhreddin Hosseini, Mansoor Arab, Smat Nouhi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194270 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Correlations among Age, Parity, and Contraception Using with Pap Smear Results in Medan Sumtera Sumatera https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194271 <p><strong>Objects:</strong> To determine correlations among age, parity, and contraception using pap smear results.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The study was a correlative descriptive. The independent variables are age, parity, and contraception using, while the dependent variable the result of pap smear examination. The samples were 60 respondents.Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysis using the Chi-Square test at an error rate of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There was no significant correlation between age and the result of a pap smear examination (p&gt;0.734). There was no significant correlation between parity and the result of a pap smear examination (p&gt;0.204). There was a correlation between contraception using and the results of pap smear examination p&lt;0.004.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is expected that health workers can improve education and health promotion about cervical cancer prevention by holding seminars or examinations of cervical cancer detection by doing pap smears, and women who have done pap smears with normal results can have repeat pap smears a year later, and abnormal pap smears can repeat. Pap smear again performed 6 months after the previous pap smear.</p> Fatwa Imelda, Diah Lestari Nasuton https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194271 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Strategies for Transition of Adolescents with Intellectual Disabities into Adulthood https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194272 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Transition of adolescents with intellectual disabilities into adulthood is a concern to caregivers and the society at large. Transition is still a challenge to health care and non-health care system. Studies on legal and ethical issues have been done regarding the care, treatment and treatment of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Strategies for transitioning of these adolescents have not been given a priority.</p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To develop strategies for transition of adolescents with intellectual disabilities into adulthood.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A sequential exploratory mixed method was undertaken with 149 caregivers as participants informed the development of the strategies for transitioning from adolescence to adulthood. Multiple data collection method including individuals interviews, focus group and survey questionnaires were used to arrive at the findings.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Five main themes emerged from the analysis as transition possibility, the role of different stakeholders, the provision and development of working skills, caregivers’ knowledge and understanding of guidelines and alterations to adapt to changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of this study indicated that the majority of caregivers working with adolescents with intellectual disabilities do not have the skill to effectively care for them. Hence, the developed strategies would provide caregivers with knowledge and skill to improve the care of adolescents with intellectual disabilities.</p> Grace Rakgadi Malapela, Gloria Thupayagale-Tshweneagae https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194272 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Body Mechanics and Complications in the Nursing Personnel of the Emergency Service of Luis Vernaza General Hospital (Ecuador) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194273 In nursing work, multiple tasks that require physical effort were developed. The mobilization and transport of patients, prolonged standing work, repetitive movements and lack of rest due to double work in the majority, are important risk factors that produce with the passage of time, bone, muscle, joint and tendinous. If this is added to an inadequate posture and incorrect application of the principles of body mechanics, the risk increases. The objective of this study was to determine the causes of complications related to the non-correct application of body mechanics in nursing personnel. To this end, the research question is: with the incorrect application of body mechanics increases the complications presented by the nursing staff working in this service. The responses received show that the staff is aware of body procedure techniques that do not apply and that most have nervous complications. Taking into account the above, frequent training of nurses is recommended, as well as the use of the manual of ergonometric techniques that guarantees the conservation of health. Jenny Morejon Agualongo, Janeth Sánchez Iza, Gladys Naranjo Chávez, María Olalla García, Silvana Lopez Paredes, Maura Munoz, Favian Bayas-Morejon https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194273 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Strategy for Effective Tuberculosis Contact Tracing in Botswana https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194274 Botswana has witnessed the highest TB rates in the southern African countries, ranking the fourth after South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. In 2012, the TB rate was, on average, 531/100 000 population. About 2 380 contacts out of a possible 8 110 (amounting to 29.30%) were traced nationally (Botswana 2011:8), indicating a potential gap of 5 730, which was yet to be traced in 2011. The TBCT strategies might be inadequate leading to absence of screening and treating TB contacts and reducing PTB related deaths. The purpose of this study was to describe utilisation of current TBCT and develop a strategy for a more effective TBCT in Botswana. Data were collected through a quantitative cross-sectional research design. The study further described the association between TBCT strategies and practices and determined the gaps, challenges, and needs in the TBCT. Results revealed under-tracing of contacts in the number of registered and enumerated TB contacts. The results further established the risk of mixing TB contacts and general patients. The differences in the perceptions and knowledge of the cause of TB, as well as poor utilisation of the current programmes by the PTB patients, denotes the need for aggressive awareness-raising and health promotion strategies. The results were used to develop an alternative plan, the IC-TBCT, which has the potential to trace all TB contacts. The approach encourages participation, active accountability and involvement of the beneficiaries in all efforts aiming at early contact identification and reducing the incidence of PTB. Justice Kiplangat Koskei, Rose M. Mmusi-Phetoe https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194274 Investigating the Health Information Literacy Knowledge of Health Care Students as an Essential Next Step in Medical and Health Professional Training https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194275 Health information literacy, the ability for individuals to access, evaluate and understand health information successfully and use it to make decisions regarding their health, is a growing subject of research. Widespread access to information particularly via the World Wide Web, has provided information seekers with unprecedented access to resources, however, there is also the potential for access to invalid material. This can especially be problematic for people who find and utilize harmful medical materials. In the medical field, there has been a marked shift toward evidence-based practice (EBP), meaning using valid evidence and reviewing the existing research to ensure that best practices are being incorporated and followed. Health information literacy has been described as a cornerstone and prerequisite to EBP. Healthcare practitioners with these skill sets should be better prepared to make clinical decisions and also guide patients to the best resources they need to understand their health condition. As such, health information literacy should be valuated and included in prospective health care professionals’ training. Kimberly N. Howard https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194275 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Randomized Control Trial: Age of Presentation of Denver-II Test Items for Developmental Outcomes from Birth Till Infancy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194276 <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To compare growth and development outcomes in the interventional and control groups through infancy.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> This prospective, time series, randomized, partially blind, interventional controlled study was conducted from 1<sup>st</sup> June 2014 to 31<sup>st</sup> July 2016 at MGM Medical College hospital for Mother and Child Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai, India. Prior approval of the MGMIHS Institutional Ethics Committee was obtained. Inclusion Criteria: Full term newborns with normal vaginal delivery. Pregnant women with single full-term fetus and without any known high-risk pregnancy subjected to their written informed consent. 268 babies each in the intervention group and control group. Babies were randomized to either group, following computer generated random numbers.</p><p><strong>Data Analysis:</strong> Demographic data was analysed by frequency and percentage. Unpaired t tests at respective individual percentiles of P<sub>25</sub>, P<sub>50</sub>, P<sub>75</sub> and P<sub>90</sub> of test items as per DDST-II.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Growth and development at 4-6, 8-10, 12-14 weeks; at 6, 9 and 12 months of follow-up. Developmental milestones (DDST-II): Gross motor: Out of total 15 items found relevant under one year of age, the intervention group achieved individual milestones earlier than the control in 6 items and advanced in 3 more items. Language: Advantage of intervention group over control was maintained by I-SUC (Intervention) group in language domain too particularly at 4-6 weeks age (p=0.001) and at one year of age (p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Fine Motor: Out</strong> of 12 items under the broad domains of fine motor development under one year of age, the intervention group achieved several milestones earlier than the control in 4 items.</p><p><strong>Personal Social:</strong> The difference was highly significant at 9 months of age (p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The I-SUC can safely replace DCC. The great advantage of consistently higher red-cell mass and hemoglobin level through-out in infancy in intervention group all through, on long term follow up till infancy was considered very encouraging.</p> Manisha Nandkumar Pawar, Nimain Mohanty, Mary Mathews https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194276 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Grit, Self-Regulation and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Academic Procrastination among Nursing Students https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194277 In recent years, procrastination has become a central issue which is difficult to ignore. It is considered one of the most serious problems in educational settings. So the current study aimed to investigate grit, self-regulation and self-efficacy as predictors of academic procrastination. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt, using descriptive correlational design. A simple random sample of 324 nursing students, were selected from the above-mentioned setting. Four tools were used to collect data for the study; Academic procrastination scale, grit, self-efficacy scale and self-regulation scale. Results revealed highly statistically significant correlations among grit, self-regulation, self-efficacy and academic procrastination where P- value &lt; 0.01, also, grit, self-regulation and self-efficacy were predictors of academic procrastination (R2 = 0.110, R2= 0.290, &amp; R2= 0.659, respectively). It is concluded that grit, self-regulation and self-efficacy can predict academic procrastination. Consequently, it is recommended that faculty should raise nursing students’ awareness about procrastination and provide a training program about self-regulation for them. Nora Mahdy Attia, Aish Elsayed-El Araby Abdelwahid https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194277 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Nursing Student’s Perceptions on Formative Assessment Procedures and its Effects on Midwifery Module Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study among Diploma Nursing Students in Tanzania https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194278 <p><strong>Background:</strong> The issue of low performance among student nurses is still a challenge in theoretical and clinical practice, insufficient use of formative assessment is among the contribution factors.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> Assessment of nursing students’ perceptions on formative assessment procedures and its effect on midwifery subject performance.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A Cross-sectional study of 430, third year Diploma Nursing Students’ from seven nursing schools was conducted in Kilimanjaro, Dodoma, and Morogoro regions. The approach was quantitative and a sample size was calculated and obtained using simple random sampling technique. Students’ perception was measured by 18 questions from the tool adopted and modified from Vaessen<sup>(1)</sup>, performance of students was reviewed and recorded using NACTE form No. 3. Descriptive and Principal Component Analysis used to analyze data of this study.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 430 respondents of this study, 221 (51.4%) had positive perception on formative assessment procedures. Also out of 430 respondents, 226(53%) had high performance in midwifery II module with the mean score of 69.85%. Moreover, the association between students perception and performance on midwifery module was not statistically significant(X<sup>2</sup> = 0.027, p= 0.870)</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Majority of students’ reported positive perception on formative assessment; however, there were no association between perception and actual midwifery module performance, yet, students with positive perception performed high than those with negative perception.</p> Yuster C. Makule, Stephen M. Kibusi https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194278 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Barriers on Incident Reporting among Staff Nurses Working in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194279 <p><strong>Background of the Study:</strong> The term ‘adverse event’ describes harm to the patient as a result of medical care. Patient safety event reporting systems are ubiquitous in hospitals and are a mainstay of efforts to detect patient safety and quality problems. Incident reporting is frequently used as a general term for all voluntary patient safety event reporting systems which rely on those involved in events to provide detailed information.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> To assess the knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers to incident reporting among the staff nurses working in a tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> A descriptive study was conducted in the month of May 2017 in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. A total of 60 staff nurses were selected by convenient sampling technique and 4 parts of tools were used for the collection of data. The tools included socio-demographic profile, Questionnaire to assess the knowledge, Likert scale to assess the attitude and a Checklist to assess the perceived barriers. Validity of the research tool was established under the guidance of research supervisor and other experts.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> Most of the staff nurses working in DMC &amp; H, Ludhiana had average knowledge and positive attitude towards incident reporting and the co-relation of knowledge and attitude came out to be weakly positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The staff nurses had average knowledge, positive attitude towards the incident reporting. There was weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude of staff nurses. Fear of legal action, too busy/lack of time and fear of career/ personal reputation were the common perceived barriers by staff nurses regarding incident reporting.</p> Sharma Kapil, Kaur Anoopjit https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194279 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Do Stress and Resilience among Undergraduate Nursing Students Exist? https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194280 Nursing students face developmental challenges as all other college students do and in addition experience unique stress due to exposure to clinical area that intensifies stress. These stressors can either contribute negatively and cause psychological harm or make them resilient. The aim of this study was to assess perceived stress and resilience levels of nursing students. There were 700 undergraduate nursing students studying in the college of whom 620 participants who gave their consent and fulfilled the sampling criteria were taken for the study. Perceived stress and the resilience scales were self administered to collect data from the study participants. The data obtained was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Study of perceived stress showed that 45.7% of them had severe stress. Study on resilience showed that 55% of them had low resilience. The study revealed a significant weak negative correlation (r = -0.236, p = &lt; 0.001) between perceived stress and resilience. These findings suggest that resilience measures be adapted and made an intrinsic part of the educational program. This would give the students the needed strength and endurance to face the profession with confidence. Priscilla Roselyn Sam, Premila Lee https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijne/article/view/194280 Sun, 01 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000