Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Assessing the Social Intelligence of Service Sector Employees in India


Affiliations
1 University of Delhi, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Social Intelligence (SI) is an important skill in a workplace setting as it enables employees to maintain cordial relations, be good team players and resolve conflicts. SI is an important employee trait that affects various work related behaviors like positive work attitude, job satisfaction and management of organizational change. Thus, SI is a key employee trait to be studied within the organizational context. With this point in view, this study aims to assess the SI level of employees from three service sector industries – IT, banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) and hospitality. Results of the study indicate that employee’s SI level changes with work experience.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Adeyemo, D. A. (2008),”Demographic Characteristics and Emotional Intelligence among Workers in Some Selected Organizations in Oyo State, Nigeria”, Vision, 12(1): 43-48.
  • Babbie, E. R. (1989), The Practice of Social Research, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, CA.
  • Balci-Celik, S. & Deniz, M. E. (2008), “A Comparison of Scouts’ Emotional Intelligence Levels with Regard to Age and Gender Variables: A Cross-cultural Study”, Elementary Education Online, 7(2): 376-83.
  • Bar-On, R. (2006), “The Bar-On Model of Emotionalsocial Intelligence (ESI)”, Psicothema, 18,13–25.
  • Baron-Cohen, S. (2002),”The Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(6): 248-54.
  • Birks, Y., McKendree, J.& Watt, I. (2009),”Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Stress in Healthcare Students: a Multi-institutional, Multi-professional Survey”, BMC Medical Education, 9(1): 61.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1982), The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance, John Wiley & Sons, New York
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (2011),”Managerial and Leadership Competencies: A Behavioral Approach to Emotional, Social and Cognitive Intelligence”, Vision, 15(2): 91-100.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. & Goleman, D. (2007), Emotional and Social Competency Inventory, Boston: Hay Group.
  • Brackett, M. A., Mayer, J. D.& Warner, R. M. (2004),”Emotional Intelligence and Its Relation to Everyday Behavior”, Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6): 13871402.
  • Brody, L.R., Hall, J.A. (2000), “Gender, Emotion and Expression”, in Lewis, M. & Haviland-Jones, J., M., Handbook of Emotions, New York: The Guilford Press
  • Candela, C., Barbera, E., Ramos, A. &Sarrio, M. (2001), “Tendenciaspsicologicas en la in vestigacion sobreintelige nciaemocional”, Revista de psicología social aplicada, 11(3): 5-26.’
  • Carr, S. E. (2009), “Emotional Intelligence in Medical Students: Does It Correlate with Selection Measures”? Medical Education, 43(11): 1069-77.
  • Chadda, N.K. & Ganesan, U. (2009), Manual of Social Intelligence Scale, Agra, National Psychological Cooperation
  • Cherniss, C. (2000), “Social and Emotional Competence in the Workplace”, in R. Bar-On & J. Parker (Eds.), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Development, Assessment, and Application at Home, School and in the Workplace, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Ciarrochi, J., Chan, A. Y. & Bajgar, J. (2001), “Measuring Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents”, Personality and Individual Differences, 31(7): 1105-19.
  • Ciarrochi, J., Hynes, K. & Crittenden, N. (2005), “Can Men Do Better If They Try Harder: Sex and Motivational Effects on Emotional Awareness”, Cognition and Emotion, 19(1): 133-41.
  • Cook, G. L., Bay, D., Visser, B., Myburgh, J. E.&Njoroge, J. (2011),”Emotional Intelligence: The Role of Accounting Education and Work Experience”, Issues in Accounting Education, 26(2): 267-86.
  • Crick, N. R & Dodge, K. A. (1994), “A Review and Reformulation of Social Information Processing Mechanisms in Children’s Social Adjustment”, Psychological Bulletin, 115(1): 74.
  • Deming, D. J. (2015), “The Growing Importance of Social Skills in the Labor Market”, The Journal of Economics, 132(4): 1593-1640.
  • Devi, U. & Royal, U. T. R. (2004), “Adolescent’s Perception about Family Environment and Emotional Intelligence”, Indian Psychological Review, 62(3): 157-67.
  • Dong, Q., Koper, R. J., & Collaco, C. M. (2008), “Social Intelligence, Self-esteem, & Intercultural Communication Sensitivity”, Intercultural Communication Studies, 17(2): 162-72.
  • Ford, M. E. & Tisak, M. S. (1983), “A Further Search for Social Intelligence”, Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(2); 196
  • Ganaie, M. Y. & Mudasir, H. (2015), “A Study of Social Intelligence and Academic Achievement of College Students of District Srinagar, J&K, India”, Journal of American Science, 11(3): 23-27.
  • Gini, G. (2006), “Brief Report: Adaptation of the Italian Version of the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale to the Adolescent Population”, Journal of Adolescence, 29(2): 307-12.
  • Goleman, D. (2006), “The Socially Intelligent”, Educational Leadership, 64(1): 76-81.
  • Goleman, D. & Boyatzis, R. (2008), “Social Intelligence and the Biology of Leadership”, Harvard Business Review, 86(9): 74-81.
  • Gowdhaman, K. & Murugan, M. B. (2009), “Emotional Intelligence among the B.Ed. Teacher Trainees”, Psycho-lingua, 39(2): 187-90.
  • Hall, J. A. (1978),”Gender Effects in Decoding Nonverbal Cues”, Psychological Bulletin, 85(4): 845.
  • Hall, J. A. “Schmid Mast, M. (2008), “Are Women Always More Interpersonally Sensitive Than Men? Impact of Goals and Content Domain”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(1): 144-55.
  • Hargie, O., Saunders, C. & Dickson, D. (1994), Social Skills in Interpersonal Communication, Psychology Press, London: Routledge
  • Harrod, N. R. & Scheer, S. D. (2005), “An Exploration of Adolescent Emotional Intelligence in Relation to Demographic Characteristics”, Adolescence, 40(159): 503.
  • Hopkins, M. M. & Bilimoria, D. (2008), “Social and Emotional Competencies Predicting Success for Male and Female Executives”, Journal of Management Development, 27(1): 13-35.
  • Hunt, N. & Evans, D. (2004), “Predicting Traumatic Stress Using Emotional Intelligence”, Behavior Research and Therapy, 42(7): 791-98.
  • Jacques, E. T. (2009), The Relationships between Emotional Intelligence and the Academic Performance and Selection of a Major of College Students, Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 70, 1193.
  • Joseph, C. & Lakshmi, S. S. (2010), “Social Intelligence, a Key to Success”, The IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 4(3): 15-21.
  • Kalyoncu, Z., Guney, S., Arsalan, M., Ayranci, E. (2012), “Analysis of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Stress Caused by the Organization: a Study of Nurses”, Bus. Intell. J, 5 (2): 334-46
  • Katyal, S. & Awasthi, E. (2005), “Gender Differences in Emotional Intelligence among Adolescents of Chandigarh”, Journal of Human Ecology, 17(2): 153-55.
  • Koman, E. S. & Wolff, S. B. (2008), “Emotional Intelligence Competencies in the Team and Team Leader”, The Journal of Management Development, 27(1): 55.
  • Kumar, J. A. & Muniandy, B. (2012), “The Influence of Demographic Profiles on Emotional Intelligence: A Study on Polytechnic Lecturers in Malaysia”, International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(1): 62-70
  • Lovejoy, M. S. (2008), Indiana School Superintendents and the Relationship between Gender and Levels of Social Intelligence, Indiana State University
  • Lull, H. G. (1911), Moral Instruction through Social Intelligence, American Journal of Sociology, 17(1): 47-60.
  • Maekova, Z. (2014, October), “Personal Characteristics and Competences–Ingredient of Social Intelligence” in ECIC2014-Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Intellectual Capital: ECIC 2014, Academic Conferences Limited.
  • Mandell, B. & Pherwani, S. (2003), “Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership Style: A Gender Comparison”, Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(3): 387-404.
  • Marlowe, H. A. (1986), “Social Intelligence: Evidence for Multidimensionality and Construct Independence”, Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(1): 52.
  • Marsh, D. T., Serafica, F. C. & Barenboim, C. (1981), “Interrelationships among Perspective Taking, Interpersonal Problem Solving, and Interpersonal Functioning”, The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 138(1): 3748.
  • Mathur, M., Malhotra, B.& Dube, S. (2005),”Gender differences on Emotional Intelligence and Scholastic Achievement in School Going Adolescents”, Indian Psychological Review, 64(3): 133.
  • Mayer, J. D. & Geher, G. (1996), “Emotional Intelligence and the Identification of Emotion”, Intelligence, 22(2): 89-113.
  • Morris, M. W., Podolny, J. & Sullivan, B. N. (2008),”Culture and Coworker Relations: Interpersonal patterns in American, Chinese, German, and Spanish Divisions of a Global Retail Bank” Organization Science, 19(4): 517-32.
  • Moss, F. A. & Hunt, T. (1927),”Are You Socially Intelligent?” Scientific American, 137(2): 108-10.
  • Nasir, M. & Masrur, R. (2010),”An Exploration of Emotional Intelligence of the Students of IIUI in Relation to Gender, Age and Academic Achievement”, Bulletin of Education and Research, 32(1): 37-51
  • Njoroge, N. & Rashad Yazdanifard, C. (2014), “The Impact of Social and Emotional Intelligence on Employee Motivation in a Multigenerational Workplace”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 14(3): 31-36
  • Nolen Hoeksema, S. & Jackson, B. (2001), “Mediators of the Gender Difference in Rumination”, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25(1): 37-47.
  • Pant, N. & Prakash, A. (2004), “Multi-factor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS) in India: An Evaluation,” Psychological Studies University of Calicut, 49: 128-35.
  • Riggio, R. E. & Reichard, R. J. (2008),”The Emotional and Social Intelligences of Effective Leadership: An Emotional and Social Skill Approach”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(2): 169-85.
  • Riggio, R. E., Messamer, J. & Throckmorton, B. (1991),”Social and Academic Intelligence: Conceptually Distinct but Overlapping Constructs”, Personality and Individual Differences, 12(7): 695-702.
  • Roy, R. & Chaturvedi, S. (2011),”Job Experience and Age as Determinants of Emotional Intelligence: An Exploratory Study of Print Media Employees”, BVIMR Management Edge, 4(2): 68-76
  • Salovey, P. & Mayer, J. D. (1990),”Emotional Intelligence”, Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3): 185-211.
  • Sekaran, U. (2006), Metodologipene litianuntukbisnis, Edisi1V. Jakarta: SalembaEmpat
  • Sembiyan, R. & Visvanathan, G. (2012),”A Study on Social Intelligence of College Students”, International Journal of Current Research, 4(1): 231-32.
  • Shipley, N. L., Jackson, M. J.& Segrest, S. (2010),”The Effects of Emotional Intelligence, Age, Work Experience, and Academic Performance”, Research in Higher Education Journal, 9 ( October):1-18.
  • Shure, M. B. & Spivack, G. (1979), “Interpersonal Cognitive Problem Solving and Primary Prevention: Programming for Pre-school and Kindergarten Children”, Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 8(2): 89-94.
  • Shure, M. B. & Spivack, G. (1982), “Interpersonal Problem solving in Young Children: A Cognitive Approach to Prevention”, American Journal of Community Psychology, 10(3): 341-56.
  • Silvera, D., Martinussen, M. & Dahl, T. I. (2001), “The Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale, a Self report Measure of Social Intelligence”, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42(4): 313-19
  • Singh, L. K. & Srivastava, R. (2012), “Influence of Age and Gender on the Emotional Intelligence of Managers”, IBA Business Review, 7(1): 106-12
  • Spencer, L.M. Jr & Spencer, S.M. (1993), Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance, John Wiley and Sons, New York,NY
  • Srivastava, K.B.L.& Bharamanaikar, S.R. (2004), ‘‘Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership Behavior’’, Psychological Studies, 49 (2-3): 107-13.
  • Thingujam, N. K. S. & Ram, U. (2000),”Emotional Intelligence Scale: Indian Norms”, Journal of Education and Psychology, 58: 40-48.
  • Thorndike, R. L. (1920), “Intelligenhec and Its uses” Harpass Magazine, 140:227:-35 Thorndike, R. L. & Stein, S. (1937), “An Evaluation of the Attempts to Measure Social Intelligence”, Psychological Bulletin, 34(5): 275.
  • Tyagi, S. K. (2004), “Emotional Intelligence of Secondary Teachers in Relation to Gender and Age”, Journal of Educational Research and Extension, 41(3): 39-45.
  • Van Rooy, D. L., Alonso, A., &Viswesvaran, C. (2005), “Group Differences in Emotional Intelligence Scores: Theoretical and Practical Implications”, Personality and Individual Differences, 38(3): 689-700.
  • Way, B. M. & Lieberman, M. D. (2010), “Is There a Genetic Contribution to Cultural Differences?Collectivism, Individualism and Genetic Markers of Social Sensitivity”, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5(2-3): 203-11.
  • Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., Roberts, R. D. & MacCann, C. (2003), “Development of Emotional Intelligence: Towards a Multilevel Investment Model”, Human Development, 46(2-3), 69-96.
  • Zirkel, S. (2000), “Social Intelligence: The Development and Maintenance of Purposive Behavior”, Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass: 3-27.

Abstract Views: 272

PDF Views: 1




  • Assessing the Social Intelligence of Service Sector Employees in India

Abstract Views: 272  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Meghna Goswami
University of Delhi, India

Abstract


Social Intelligence (SI) is an important skill in a workplace setting as it enables employees to maintain cordial relations, be good team players and resolve conflicts. SI is an important employee trait that affects various work related behaviors like positive work attitude, job satisfaction and management of organizational change. Thus, SI is a key employee trait to be studied within the organizational context. With this point in view, this study aims to assess the SI level of employees from three service sector industries – IT, banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) and hospitality. Results of the study indicate that employee’s SI level changes with work experience.

References