Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Niranjan Sia ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Nayagarh Autonomous Collage, Nayagarh, Orissa, IN

Abstract

Loneliness has been identified as a critical condition in the context of the psychological well-being of the aged. The present study empirically examined the association between perceived loneliness in the aged and several dimensions of psychological well-being. Three hundred twenty aged males and females from urban, semi-urban, rural, and tribal settings were individually administered a standardized test of loneliness. They were also individually administered a standardized life orientation questionnaire for the elderly. The questionnaire measured a number of dimensions of well-being. The dimensions included perceived competence, Physical Health, freedom from anxiety, person morale, freedom from depression autonomy, trust, social support, perception of control, happiness in family, effective coping. Work involvement achievement, and feelings of spirituality. The examination of the correlation coefficients between loneliness and each dimension indicated significant negative association. Loneliness was significant and negatively correlated with overall well-being. The pattern was also found when correlation coefficients obtained in each of the specific groups (such as urban participants) were examined. Furthermore, the life orientation questionnaire was instrumental in identifying salient and non-salient needs of the aged, Participants were asked to rank-order a number of needs in terms of their priority. The needs identified as the two least important were considered non-salient needs. The examination of the relationship between loneliness and need satisfaction showed that examination of the relationship between loneliness and need satisfaction showed that loneliness was significantly and negatively related to total need satisfaction. Moreover, loneliness was significantly and negatively related to total need satisfaction showed that loneliness was significantly related to age ; it was negatively associated with-education, The implication of the study were pointed out and direction for future studies were suggested.

Keywords

Loneliness, Psychological, Well-Being, Aged.

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Niranjan Sia ¹

Affiliations
1 Nayagarh (Autonomous) College, Nayagarh, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The present study attempts to explicate empirically the relationships among the domains of Perceived social support and those of achievement motivation in relation to the level of education and sex of rural adolescents. This is an empirical investigation in psychology which involved 2 (level of education) × 2 (sex) factorial design. Accordingly, there were 120 (30 × 4 cells) rural adolescents in this study. They were administered two standardized scales named "Achievement Motivation Scale" and "Perceived Social Support Scale" to find out the role of sex, and level of education in promoting social support, achievement motivation and academic achievement. The findings of the study as reflected in the results highlighted certain interesting dimensions of the study. Most of the findings are similar to the hypotheses made in the study. However, some unusual findings have also been found in relation to interactional effect of level of education and sex on a domain of achievement motivation like motive to achieve through independence. Similar findings have also been yielded with respect to components of social support such as perceived moral support and perceived aggregate social support. With the above findings some socially useful suggestions have been recommended for future care of rural adolescents.

Keywords

Perceived Social Support, Achievement Motivation, Adolescence, Academic Achievement

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Sasmita Pattanaik ¹, Niranjan Sia ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Nayagarh Autonomous College, Nayagarh, Odisha, IN
2 Department of Psychology, Nayagarh Autonomous College, Nayagarh-752 069, Odisha, IN

Abstract

Bandura (1989) explains the importance of self-efficacy as beliefs that function as "an important set of proximal determinants of human motivation, affect, and action". Self-efficacy is best understood in the context of social cognitive theory - An approach to understanding human cognition, action, motivation, and emotion that assumes that we are active shapers of rather than simply passive reactors to our environments (Barone et al., 1997). Political efficacy denotes a citizen's perception about the effects of his action on political events. It refers to the person's belief that "political and social change can be accelerated or retarded, and that his efforts alone or in concert with others can produce desired behavior on the part of political authorities". In other words, it refers to the individual's perceptions of his effectiveness in political activities. Political orientation refers to the learning of norms, attitudes and behavior accepted and practiced by the ongoing political system, and of social patterns through various agencies of the society. It is the induction of the individual into political culture (Almond & Powell, 1966) and in the development of awareness of political world and appreciation, judgment and understanding of political events (Pye, 1962). This article intends to review the thoughts and works of different psychologists pointing out the relationship among these three constructs: Self-efficacy, political efficacy, and political orientation.

Keywords

Political Efficacy, Political Orientation, Self-Efficacy.

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