Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

R. V. Talwad ¹, U. K. Makandar ²

Affiliations
1 Shree Venkateshwar Medical College and Research Centre Ariyur (Pondicherry), IN
2 SSIMS & R.C Davangere, IN

Abstract

10 fetal and 20 adult cadaveric hearts were compared by injecting barium sulphate in the coronary arteries. In fetal hearts 30% normal 70% variated and in adults 25% normal and 75% variated right coronary artery was observed. In fetal heart 40% normal and 60% variated, in adult heart 15% normal, 85% variated, left coronary artery was observed. In fetal heart 20% third coronary artery and in adult heart 5% third coronary artery was observed. This comparative study appears to be new study because no literature was available to compare fetal heart with adult cadaveric study.

Keywords

Stillborn, Barium Sulphate, Cardiac, Cadaveric,Post Mortem, Normal Saline

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M. M. Peerzade ¹, U. K. Makandar ¹, P. R. Kulkarni ¹, P. B. Hosmani ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt of anatomy Dr V. M Govt Medical College Solapur, IN

Abstract

200adult male aged between 25-30 years belong to western Maharashtra were selected for the study, their head length (Nasion to Inion) was measured by spreading caliper and height of stature (crown - heel) was measured by anthropometry. The mean length of head length was 18.40 cm (SD ± 1.04) and height of stature was 163.08 cm (SD ± 8.89) correlation of ratio between head length and height of stature was 0.959 cm. The regression coefficient equation was x = 0.1129, xy - 0.0216, y = 8.15016x X+ 13.10. This study will help the medico=legal expert, anthropologist and anatomist because estimations of stature from head length appears to be new study in India because no literature was available to compare.

Keywords

Spreading Caliper, Nasion to Inion, Anthropometry, Crown Heel Length

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R. V. Talwad ¹, U. K. Makandar ²

Affiliations
1 Sri Venkateshwar Medical College Ariyur, Pondicherry, IN
2 S.S Institute of Medical Science and Research Center Davangere, IN

Abstract

Non-pathological dried adult sacrum 154 male and 129 female of North India and 175 male and 143 female sacrum of South India. The same sex were compared metrically. Measurements were taken by Vernier caliper. All the parameters were highly significant (P<0.01). The logistic regression equation formula was applied so that the sacrum of any region could be identified correctly. This regional comparison of same gender appears to be new study which is more important medico-legally, anatomically and anthropologically.

Keywords

Vernier Caliper, North India, South India, Logistic Regression Equation, SPSS Software

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U. K. Makandar ¹, P. R. Kulkarni ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Anatomy Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research Warudi. Jalna, IN
2 Govt. Medical College Latur, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

1189 non-pathological dried adult crania were studied from north and South India. The angles were measured by protractor after tracing on butter paper. In the study of sexual dimorphism the angle between sagital and lambdoid suture was significant (P<0.05) on left side and the angle between two limbs of lambdoid suture was significant (P<0.01).In the regional comparison of Male crania of NI with male crania of SI. (1) The angle between coronal suture shown significant P value (P<0.01). (2) Angle between sagital and lambdoid suture left side was highly significant in P value (P<0.01). (3) The angle between two limbs of lambdoid suture shown significant P value (P<0.01). In the regional study of female crania of SI and NI was compared (a) Shown highly significant P value (P<0.01) in angle of coronal suture. (b) Angle between sagital and lambdoid suture on left side shows significant P value (P<0.03). (c) Angle between two limbs of lambdoid suture of female crania of north and SI shown significant P value (P<0.01).(a)The logistic regression equation study of angle between two limbs of lambdoid suture with cranial index classified 73.8% of crania of NI and 67% in SI. (b) In the regional comparison of male crania of NI and SI classified 71.7% and female crania of NI and SI classified 75.1%. This study could not be compared with previous studies as no data is available in English literature but these findings are quite helpful to the anatomist, anthropologist and medicolegal expert.

Keywords

Bregma, Lambda, Butter paper, Protractor, Sketch Pen, NI = North India, SI = South India

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U. K. Makandar ¹, P. R. Kulkarni ², A. N. Suryakar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, Indian Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Warudi, Jalna, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Govt Medical College, Latur, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry Dr. V M Govt. Medical College Solapur, IN

Abstract

1189, non-pathological dried crania from north and south Indian were studied. The incidence of parietal foramen was highest in south Indian male(113.9%) and female(112.2%) crania. While incidence of parietal foramen in North India (104%) and female(90.46%) crania. Moreover measurement was taken from parietal foramen to bregma by measuring tape. The mean value of south Indian male crania was 91.42cms ±0.23(SD = 2.02) and female mean value was 86.50cm ±0.27 (SD = 1.68) with highly significant P value (P<0.050 similarly mean value of north Indaian male crania was 89.85cms ±0.6 (SD=1.88) and mean value of female crania was 87.12 cms ±0.23 (SD=1.90) with highly significant P value (P < 0.01). the logistic regress ion equation for classification of sexual dimorphism of north Indian crania was 70.8% and south Indian crania was 66.5%. while, in the regional classification of male crania of North and South India was 69.9% and female crania of north and south India was 66.4% As there is no parameter for calvaria to find out sexual dimorphism and regional classification, hence this study will certainly help the medico legal experts, anatomists and anthropologists.

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U. K. Makandar ¹, P. R. Kulkarni ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Anatomy Indian Institute of medical science and Research,Warudi, Jalna, IN
2 Dept of Anatomy, Govt medical college, Latur (Maharashtra), IN

Abstract

1189 Non-Pathological dried adult crania from north and south Indian states (NI & SI) are studied and observed that Incidence of sutural bones (SB) were more in female crania of all 3 stutures i.e. coronal, sagital & lambdoid. A) In NI cranial study coronal suture of female crania had 8.76% of SB but in males crania it was 6.47%. In sagital suture 18.72% SB while in male crania had 17.45%. Moreover in lambdoid suture also 168.72% was observed in female crania while male crania had 122.12%. Similarly b) in SI crania also exhibit more incidence of SB in female crania all three sutures - coronal suture of female crania had 8.39% while male crania had 7.7%. In sagital suture of female crania had 13.2% while male crania had 9.47% moreover lambdoid suture of female crania of SI had 220.09% and male crania had 171.22%. c) during regional study of male crania of NI were compared with SI crania - of male crania of coronal suture of NI had incidence of SB were 6.47% while SI had 7.71% SB, but SB at sagital suture were more in NI crania 17.45, while SI crania of suture had 9.47% which was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) similarly lambdoid suture of NI crania had 122.35% and SI crania had 171.21, during comparison of regional study of female crania of NI and SI. In coronal suture of SI female had 8.39% and NI female had 8.76% similarly sagital suture also had 18.55% of SB in NI female while SI female had 13.28%, but lambdoid suture of SI female had 206.94% and NI female crania had 168%. These findings are helpful to the anatomist, anthropologists and medicolegal expert to differentiate sexual diamorphism and comparison of India as whole or regionally. Above all to the clinician, who may confuse the incidence of SB as fractures.

Keywords

Sutural Bone, North India, South India, Nutritional, Environmental

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U. K. Makandar ¹, Jadhav Ashwini ², P. R. Kulkarni ³

Affiliations
1 Anatomy, Indian Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Warudi, Badnapur, Jalna Maharashtra, IN
2 Anatomy, Dr. V M Government Medical College Solapur, Maharashtra, IN
3 Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Latur, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The diameter of right hepatic vein is measured from the 25 Male cadaveric livers by Vernier Caliper. A) Diametric Mean Value of right hepatic vein near Inferior Venacava is 1.88 cm ± 0.23(SD = 0.57), b) Diametric mean value of the right hepatic vein terminating at inferior venacava was 0.98 ±0.3(SD = 0.82). c) Diametric mean value at the depth of 2cm in inferior venacava is 2.25cm ± 0.8 (SD = 0.19). d) Diametric mean value of tributaries of right hepatic vein is 3.1cm ± 0.43 (SD = 1.77). This diametric (caliberic) study will certainly enable the surgeon for planned surgeries and minimize the risk of complication during the resection and transplantation of liver because right hepatic vein present in the right portal scissura in most of the livers. Moreover these diametric study will have clinical and radiological importance as increased diameter was observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver (1) and in portal hypertension in Budd-Chi- ari Syndrome (2).

Keywords

(IVC) Inferior Venacava, Vernier Caliper, Cadaveric liver, Resection of lobes, Transplantation

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U. K. Makandar ¹, P. R. Kulkarni ², A. N. Surykar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy S.S. Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, NH-4 PB Road, Davangere 577001, IN
2 Dr. V.M. Govt. Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Medico- legally it is a challenge to identify the clavicle if it is examined individually. Moreover Davangere comes under South India (South Karnataka) where majority of people belong to Dravidian race,5 their diet and environment certainly differs from the other states of the country. The length, mid- Clavicular circumference, robust index, angles of curvatures of clavicle and weight is studied from Dept of Anatomy of J.J.M Medical College and S.S. Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre Davangere. A total no of160 clavicles, 90 male (45 Right&45 Left) and 70 Females (35Right&35 Left) are studied from different cadavers. Attempt has been made by many workers to study the sex and race of clavicle. Jit&Singh (1966), Singh and Gangrade (1968). Arora etal (1978), Harbir Kaur (1989) Sayee R etal (1992). Present metrical study of clavicle is carried out to determine sex, race and to compare the observations with the other states where the majority of Aryan race is present with different diet and environment. Moreover many workers from other countries have also studied Clavicle. Their work is also compared with the present study. In present study, it is observed that the length of the Clavicle is more on the Left side than that of right side in both sexes. 2) Degrees of Lateral angle is more on the on left side than the right side in both sexes. 3) Mid-Clavicular Circumference is more in male than females on both sides. 4) Weight of the clavicle is more in Males than Females on both sides.

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U. K. Makandar ¹, P. R. Kulkarni ²

Affiliations
1 S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Davangere, IN
2 Deptt. Dr. V.M. Govt. Medical College SOLAPUR - 413003, IN

Abstract

In the present study facial nerve was dissected in 25 male temporal bones. The length of facial nerve in different segments of temporal bone was measured. In petrosal segment the mean length of facial nerve was 7.82 mm ± 0.27(SD=1.32). In labyrinthine segment mean length was 3.4mm ± 0.9(SD=0.45). In tympanic segment mean length was 12.13mm ± 0.7(SD=0.35). In mastoid segment it was 12.24mm ± 0.38(SD=1.90). The mean length of nerve to stapedius was 15.71mm ± 0.13 (SD=0.63) and mean length of chordatympani nerve was 19.01mm ± 0.17(SD=0.82). (These both nerves had measured from geniculate ganglia). The present values varied with previous workers in some segments and agreed in some segments of temporal bone. Hence these values had regional or racial significance could be due to biological variation or outcome of hybridized race but important for clinician, radiologist and mainly for Otosurgoen to anticipate the position of facial nerve to avoid its injury.

Keywords

Petrous, Tympanic, Labyrinthine, Mastoid, Otosurgery

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P. R. Kulkarni ¹, U. K. Makandar ²

Affiliations
1 Dr V.M Govt Medical College Solapur, IN
2 S.S Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre Davangere, IN

Abstract

25 Male Cadveric hearts preserved in formalin in the dept of Anatomy dissection theatre of Dr V.M. Govt Medical College Solapur were studied metrically and morphologically. 1) The mean value of the mitral valve Circumference was 8.97 cm with (SD ± 0.7). 2) The mean value of length of anterior leaf let was 1.8 cm and that of posterior leaf let was 1.4 cm. 3) Thickness of both ant and posterior leaflets was having same mean value of O.2 cm(SD ± 0.44cm). 4) Length of papillary muscle i.e. mean length of anterio- lateral Papillary muscle was 1.8 cm (SD±0.3) and post. Med. Papillary muscle was 1.6 cm(SD±0.3). There all observations were more or less in agreement with previous workers1,2 but Incidence of heads of papillary muscle differed with previous workers1. Morphologically the leaf lets were smooth, Crescent shaped and shape of annulus was Saddle shaped or ‘D’ Shaped and non-planar. Both papillary muscles with intact chorda tendane were observed which indicates normalcy of “Mitral Valve”

Keywords

M.V. = Mitral Valve, A.L. = Antero Lateral, P.M. = Postero-Medial, C.M. = Centimeter, M.A.C. = Mitral Annular Calcification A.V. = Atrioventricular

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U. K. Makandar ¹, P. R. Kulkarni ²

Affiliations
1 S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere, (Karnataka), IN
2 Deptt. Dr V.M. Govt. Medical College, Solapur - 413003 (Maharashtra), IN

Abstract

37 injured males and 28 females of junior foot ball players, injured to lower extremity were studied. The age group of players was 12 to 17 years. More stretching was observed in calf muscle of male 19 (54%) and female 11 (42%) Quadriceps stretching in males 10 (27%) and females 9 (34%), stretching of hamstrings in males 5 (13.5%) and females 4 (15.4%) and least stretching was observed in gluteal region males 3 (8.1%) and females 2 (7.7%). Injures at ankle joint was highest in males 11 (29.8%), females 7 (26.9%) and knee joint injurywas second highest males 9 (24.3%), females 7 (26.9%) and third highest was Foot and toes in males 5 (13.5%), females 3 (11.6%) and least was hip joint, males 1 (2.7%), females 1 (3.8%) but statistically insignificant (P > 0.05).In personal position of players, a) Highest injuries of male players i.e. defender had injuries at leg bones 11(30%), Middle fielder had injuries at knee joint 11 (30%), and Strikers had injuries at ankle joint 11(30%). b) In females highest injuries i.e. defenders and middle fielders had injuries at ankle joint 9(30%), 8(30%) and strikers had injuries at knee joint 6(25%) but goal keeper of both sexes had least injuries and no injuries at hip and ankle joints. Overall highest injuries were observed in ankle joint followed by knee joint and hamstrings but least injuries were observed in gluteal region in both sexes. The acute injuries were 90% and sustained injuries were 10%. It is interesting to note that lower age groups had more injuries as compared with higher age group. This anatomical study will help the radiologist and orthopedic surgeons to treat the injured and sports authorities to take preventive measures.

Keywords

Ankle Joint, Knee Joint, Quadriceps, Hamstrings, Calf Muscles

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U. K. Makandar ¹, R. P. Kulkarni ², A. N. Suryakar ³

Affiliations
1 Anatomy AIMS B.G.Nagar, 571448, Nagamangal Mandya (Dist.),, IN
2 Anatomy Govt. Medical College Latur, Maharastra, IN
3 Biochemistry Dr V M Govt Medical College, Solapur, IN

Abstract

1189 Non-Pathological dried adult Crania are studied. 510=North Indian male crania and 251=North Indian(NI) female crania. 285=South Indian (SI) Male crania, 143=South Indian female crania. The Cranial sutures coronal, sagital and lambdoid are traced by transparent paper and sexual, regional variations are studied morphologically and metrically. (a) In the sexual dimorphism length of the sutures, Maximum serration of suture are more in male but length of coronal suture of NI Female Crania was more than Male Crania.

In the Comparison of male crania of SI and NI the following parameters were found to be significant. 1) Length of coronal sutures. 2) Length of Maximum serration of coronal suture. 3) Length of maximum serration of sagital suture. 4) Length of Right and Left Limb of Lambdoid suture. Similarly in the comparison of female crania of south India with female crania of North India the following parameters were significant values. 1) Length of coronal suture. 2) Length of Maximum serration of coronal suture. 3) Length of Lambdoid suture. 4) Length of maximum serration of lambdoid suture. Moreover the correct classification of Sexual Dimorphism of North Indian Crania was 71 to 75 %, while for SI Crania was 67 to 74%. In the regional comparison of Male Crania of NI and SI, 68 to 71 % male crania were correctly identified, while 69 to71% female crania were correctly identified. This sexual and regional difference will certainly help the anatomist, anthropologist and medico-legal expert. Because morphometric values of the dermal bones are uncertain.

Keywords

Sketch Pen, Serration ,NI=North India , SI=South India , Regional

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U. K. Makandar ¹, P. R. Kulkarni ²

Affiliations
1 Anatomy, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Davangere, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, Dr. VM Govt medical college Solapur, IN

Abstract

In the present study 540 dried, non-pathological crania were studied cranial index was measured by spreading caliper and cranial capacity was studied by filling mustard seeds through foramen magnum. There was significant correlation between these two values. Mean value of cranial capacity was 1171.24(SD=113) and cranial index was 75.13(SD=3.47). Regression equation of cranial index and cranial capacity were linearly accepted with significant P<0.008 value cranial capacity (x) = 1452.63 - 37y and cranial index (y) = 79.27 - 0.004x. By known cranial index the cranial capacity can be anticipated and vice versa. This study will help the clinician by providing base line data, Medico-legal expert, Neurosurgeon, Radiologist in their respective fields. Anthropologist to identify race and sex. These present values differ with previous foreign workers hence this study indicates the regional significance.

Keywords

Crania Index ,Cranial capacity , Medico-legal, Spreading caliper, Measuring cylinder , Mustard seeds

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