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Singh, Sunita
- HIV Positivity and use of Alcohol: A Study of Men Attending Integrated Counseling and Testing Center
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Community Medicine, SIMS, Hapur, U.P., IN
2 2Statistician, of Community Medicine, SIMS, Hapur, U.P., IN
3 Community Medicine, SIMS, Hapur, U.P., IN
4 Dept. of Pharmacology, SIMS, Hapur, U.P, IN
5 Banaras Hindu University, U. P, IN
1 Community Medicine, SIMS, Hapur, U.P., IN
2 2Statistician, of Community Medicine, SIMS, Hapur, U.P., IN
3 Community Medicine, SIMS, Hapur, U.P., IN
4 Dept. of Pharmacology, SIMS, Hapur, U.P, IN
5 Banaras Hindu University, U. P, IN
Source
International Journal of Contemporary Medicine, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 84-89Abstract
Introduction: The studies have shown that alcohol consumption can induce risky sex behavior which can be an independent factor for HIV positivity. Objectives: The present was conducted in order to study socio-demographic determinants of alcohol use and its association with prevalence of HIV positivity among HIV positive men.
Materials and Method: The socio demographic data for this retrospective study was obtained from records of Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi for one year. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Odds Ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and binary logistic regression were applied for data analysis.
Results: The majority of the males (63.05%) were in the age group of 31-40 years. 55.51% men had positive history of consumption of alcohol. Majority of the respondents who consumed alcohol were found from rural background, had educational qualification less than intermediate level, age more than 40 years and had history of migration (65.89%). Positive history of alcohol consumption was found to be highest among widowers (68.49%) and drivers (86.75%). The prevalence of consumption of alcohol among the respondents was found to be significantly higher among the groups of respondents coming from the rural background, having educational qualification post graduation & above, those having positive history of migration, those coming from nuclear families (P< 0.001). The association between HIV positive status and history of alcohol consumption revealed that highly significant association was found among respondents coming from the rural background, having education post graduation & above, having positive history of migration, those coming from nuclear families (P < 0.001)
Conclusion: The present study clearly indicates the association of alcohol consumption and migration with HIV positive status and highlights the need for appropriate interventions for HIV/AIDS prevention.
Keywords
Alcohol use, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Integrated Counseling and Testing Center.
References
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- A Study of effect of Phenytoin on Liver Enzymes in Epileptic Patients in Western Uttar Pradesh
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences Hapur, U.P., IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences Hapur, U.P., IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences Hapur, U.P., IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences Hapur, U.P., IN
Source
International Journal of Contemporary Medicine, Vol 1, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 11-14Abstract
Aim & Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of phenytoin on hepatic enzyme levels in epileptic patients.
Method: In this prospective clinical study, we measured the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) on 120 epiteptic patients. consecutive admissions to our epilepsy unit.
Result: Serum gamma glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), AST, ALT activities have been estimated in 120 epileptic patients taking Phenytoin as anticonvulsant drugs. Serum AST, ALT & GGT levels were increased.
Conclusion: We found most of our patients on Phenytoin had an elevated serum concentration of GGT, which is consistent with previous reports. AST and ALT were also elevated in these patients and therefore suggested the increased GGT was due to enzyme induction. Elevation of GGT needs to be considered differently in light of the use of new antiepileptic medications.
Keywords
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT), Metabolic Abnormalities, Phenytoin (PHT).References
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- A Comparative Study of Opioid Analgesics Morphine, Pentazocine, and Tramadol in Mice by Hot Plate Method
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology,Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P.,, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Tagore Medical College, Chennai, T.N., IN
3 Department of Pharmacology,Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P., IN
1 Department of Pharmacology,Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P.,, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Tagore Medical College, Chennai, T.N., IN
3 Department of Pharmacology,Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P., IN
Source
International Journal of Contemporary Medicine, Vol 1, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 112-115Abstract
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Prevention or elimination of pain therefore depends upon employing specific measures against the causative measures for e.g. treatment of pain for peptic ulcer is affected by antacids, antispasmodics and tranquilizers but never by analgesics. But when the cause of pain is not known, the drugs acting on the central nervous system alone have to be employed for immediate symptomatic relief. Pain arising from somatic structures responds to non-narcotic analgesics such as aspirin, paracetamol, oxyphenbutazone and that arising from viscera is relieved by narcotic analgesic drugs like morphine, pethidine etc. The study was done to evaluate the efficacies of the opioid analgesics morphine, pentazocine, and tramadol by accessing the analgesic activity on blocking of pain responses in mice to thermal stimulation. The study included male swiss albino mice divided into ten groups each group consisting of six mice. First group (control) was injected with normal saline. The other groups were injected with 3 different doses using drugs morphine injected subcutaneously, pentazocine and tramadol injected intraperitoneally. The analgesic activity on blocking of pain responses in mice to thermal stimulation and jump response was evaluated using hot plate. ANOVA and Student's t test (paired) were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Student's paired t test. Morphine at doses 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg s.c increased pain threshold in mice and showed significant increase in time for jump response in comparison with the other two drugs pentazocine and tramadol.The study showed that morphine found to most potent in comparison with pentazocine, and tramadol.Keywords
ANOVA, Student's Paired t Test, Pain, Morphine, Pentazocine, Tramadol.References
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- A Prospective Study to Analyse the efficacy of Apraclonidine in Preventing Intraocular Pressure Rise After Neodymium: YAG (Nd-YAG) Laser Posterior Capsulotomy
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P., IN
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P., IN
3 Demonstrator Pharmacology of Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P., IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P., IN
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P., IN
3 Demonstrator Pharmacology of Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Ghaziabad, U.P., IN
Source
International Journal of Contemporary Medicine, Vol 1, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 116-118Abstract
Objective: To analyse the efficacy of (0.5%) apraclonidine in preventing the acute rise of intraocular pressure following Nd-YAG Laser posterior capsulotomy. Material and method: A prospective case controlled randomised study was performed in the department of ophthalmology of SIMS in collaboration of department of pharmacology. Result: A total 52 patients were divided in two groups. Half of the patients were given 0.5% topical apraclonidine 15 minutes before the procedure and immediately after the procedure and after 1 hr, 2hr, and 4hrs respectively. The other half were not given any IOP lowering drug.IOP was measured by tonometry. There was significant fall in IOP in test group patients. IOP in two groups 1hr after procedure was 13.08% rise in control and 6.40% fall in test group. Conclusion: Apraclonidine, a highly selective alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist effectively and safely lowers IOP spikes after laser treatment without causing significant side effects like bradycardia or hypotension.Keywords
Apraclonidine, Intra-Ocularpressure(IOP), Aqueous-Humor, Nd-Yagcapsulotomy, Posterior Capsular Opacification(PCO), Cataract.References
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