International Journal of Contemporary Medicine

Abhishek Acharya ¹, Susheela Halemani ², C M Siddalingappa ³, V Ravikumar ⁴, C G Gokul ⁵, L J Kiran ⁶

Affiliations
1 Dept of Pharmacology, S.I.M.S. & R.C. Shimoga, IN
2 Dept of Pharmacology, JJMMC, Davangere, IN
3 Professor and Head, Dept of Pharmacology, S.I.M.S. & R.C. Shimoga, IN
4 Dept of Anatomy, S.I.M.S. & R.C. Shimoga, IN
5 AstraZeneca Pharma India Limited, Bangalore, IN
6 Dept of Pharmacology, JJMMC, Davangere

Abstract

The 5-HT3 receptors are ligand gated ion channels which mediate the release of number of neurotransmitters. Anxiolytic activity of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist has been shown in animals. Greenshaw suggested the possible involvement of 5-HT3 receptors in depression. Redrobe and Bourir reported the partial role of 5-HT3 and its receptors in the activity of antidepressants in forced swimming test in mice. The study was done to evaluate the antidepressant potential of ondansetron and compare it with desipramine. The study included male swiss albino mice which were divided into five treatment groups and injected with Normal Saline 5ml/kg (control), desipramine 30mg/kg (standard), ondansetron 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg (test drugs) intraperitoneally. Each group contained 6 animals. Duration of immobility was observed for 6 minutes in tail suspension test and for 4 minutes in forced swimming test on same set of animals after giving a sufficient wash out period of 4 weeks. Results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test. Ondansetron at the above doses significantly reduced the immobility time in both the tests compared to control (p < 0.001). The reduction in duration of immobility was comparable to desipramine. The study showed that ondansetron has significant antidepressant activity in acute models of depression.

Keywords

ANOVA, Ondansetron, Post Hoc Tukey's Test, 5-HT3, Desipramine.

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Ravikumar ¹, A M Siri ¹, H Sadashivana Gowd ¹, Abhishek Acharya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, S.I.M.S.&R.C, Shimoga, IN

Abstract

Coracobrachialis muscle is a muscle of the adductor compartment of arm. It is supplied by musculocutaneous nerve, a branch from the lateral cord of brachial plexus. The study was done between 2008-2012 [5 years] in J.J.M.M.C. and S.I.M.S. & R.C. The present case was found in a male cadaver aged around 60years. During the routine cadaveric dissection of undergraduate students in J.J.M.M.C Davangere, we found that coracobrachialis muscle was supplied by two accessory nerve twigs which were found to arise from lateral cord of brachial plexus. Musculocutaneous nerve normally supplies the coracobrachialis muscle which is a branch from lateral cord of brachial plexus. In our case it was noted that two accessory nerve twigs were found to arise from lateral cord of brachial plexus supplying coracobrachialis muscle which entered the muscle before the piercing of musculocutaneus nerve. The occurrence of accessory nerve supply to the coracobrachialis is a rare finding and is more of a phylogenetic importance. The knowledge of such type of variation is important for anatomists and surgeons operating in this region.

Keywords

Coracobrachialis Muscle, Musculocutaneous Nerve, Nerve Compression.

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A M Siri ¹, V Ravikumar ¹, H Sadashivana Gowd ¹, Abhishek Acharya ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, S.I.M.S.&R.C, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, S.I.M.S.&R.C, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Axillary artery is the principal artery of the upper limb. It is also the axis artery of the upper limb. The present case was found in a male cadaver aged around 70years. During the routine cadaveric dissection of undergraduate students in J.J.M.M.C Davangere we found that 3rd part of axillary artery divided into a larger superficial brachial artery and a narrower deep brachial artery. The superficial brachial artery did not give any branches in the arm and divided into radial and ulnar arteries at the neck of the radius. Whereas the deep brachial artery gave rise to subscapular artery, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and profunda brachial artery. The knowledge of such type of variation is important for surgeons, orthopedicians and interventional radiologists who operate in this region.

Keywords

Axillary Artery, Superficial Brachial Artery, Deep Brachial Artery.

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