International Journal of Contemporary Medicine

V Ravikumar ¹, A M Siri ¹, H Sadashivana Gowd ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, S.I.M.S.&R.C. Shimoga, IN

Abstract

The vertebral coloumn in humans is made up of 31 vertebrae which act as a stalk to hold the weight of the indivisual in erect posture. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are common congenital anomalies of the human spine. In LSTV, either the fifth lumbar vertebra may show assimilation to the sacrum (sacralisation), or the first sacral vertebra may show transition to a lumbar con- figuration (lumbarisation). Although the condition has an incidence of over 12% in the general population, knowledge about the exact clinical implications is still lacking. The present study was done on dry sacrum in the department of Anatomy S.I.M.S. & R.C. Shimoga where the sacralisation was seen in 5 out of 115 sacrum studied in this region. This finding can shed some light in evaluating the causes of low back pain in patients and also may come in the way of counting the vertebrae in spine surgeries in which case the 5th lumbar vertebra can be mistakenly counted as first piece of sacrum. The occurrence of sacralisation in general population is 3.6 -- 18% and in many cases it is one of the reasons for low back pain. The knowledge of such type of variation is important for anatomists, orthopaedicians and neurosurgeons operating in this region.

Keywords

Sacralisation, Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae, Low Back Pain.

Full Text

     

Ravikumar ¹, A M Siri ¹, H Sadashivana Gowd ¹, Abhishek Acharya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, S.I.M.S.&R.C, Shimoga, IN

Abstract

Coracobrachialis muscle is a muscle of the adductor compartment of arm. It is supplied by musculocutaneous nerve, a branch from the lateral cord of brachial plexus. The study was done between 2008-2012 [5 years] in J.J.M.M.C. and S.I.M.S. & R.C. The present case was found in a male cadaver aged around 60years. During the routine cadaveric dissection of undergraduate students in J.J.M.M.C Davangere, we found that coracobrachialis muscle was supplied by two accessory nerve twigs which were found to arise from lateral cord of brachial plexus. Musculocutaneous nerve normally supplies the coracobrachialis muscle which is a branch from lateral cord of brachial plexus. In our case it was noted that two accessory nerve twigs were found to arise from lateral cord of brachial plexus supplying coracobrachialis muscle which entered the muscle before the piercing of musculocutaneus nerve. The occurrence of accessory nerve supply to the coracobrachialis is a rare finding and is more of a phylogenetic importance. The knowledge of such type of variation is important for anatomists and surgeons operating in this region.

Keywords

Coracobrachialis Muscle, Musculocutaneous Nerve, Nerve Compression.

Full Text

     

A M Siri ¹, V Ravikumar ¹, H Sadashivana Gowd ¹, Abhishek ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, S.I.M.S.&R.C, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, S.I.M.S.&R.C, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Great saphenous vein is one of the longest vein in the body. As other venous channels this is also known to have different types of variation in its course and numbers. During the routine cadaveric dissection of undergraduate students in S.I.M.S. &R.C. Shimoga we found that the great saphenous vein was duplicated on the right side along with the presence of accessory tributaries joining it at various levels. In our case great saphenous vein was duplicated from its origin near medial malleolus and continued till the knee joint where it was joined by a tributary and later in the lower one third of the thigh it branched like a mesh and formed three trunks which ascended in the thigh and in the upper one third of the thigh two trunks joined to form anterior accessory saphenous vein and great saphenous vein proper which received the terminal tributaries later emptied into the femoral vein by piercing the cribriform fascia. The duplication of the great saphenous vein can explain the recurrent incompetence of the great saphenous vein. Also presence of such accessory trunks can be used for vascular grafting in cases of ischaemia and arterial blocks. The knowledge of such type of variation is important for surgeons, orthopaedicians and interventional radiologists who operate in this region.

Keywords

Great Saphenous Vein, Anterior Accessory Saphenous Vein, Varicose Vein.

Full Text

     

A M Siri ¹, V Ravikumar ¹, H Sadashivana Gowd ¹, Abhishek Acharya ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, S.I.M.S.&R.C, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, S.I.M.S.&R.C, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Axillary artery is the principal artery of the upper limb. It is also the axis artery of the upper limb. The present case was found in a male cadaver aged around 70years. During the routine cadaveric dissection of undergraduate students in J.J.M.M.C Davangere we found that 3rd part of axillary artery divided into a larger superficial brachial artery and a narrower deep brachial artery. The superficial brachial artery did not give any branches in the arm and divided into radial and ulnar arteries at the neck of the radius. Whereas the deep brachial artery gave rise to subscapular artery, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and profunda brachial artery. The knowledge of such type of variation is important for surgeons, orthopedicians and interventional radiologists who operate in this region.

Keywords

Axillary Artery, Superficial Brachial Artery, Deep Brachial Artery.

Full Text