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Agbo, A.O
- Multi-Factorial Based Assessment and Prediction of the Shrinkage Sustained In Fired Clay Materials
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Abia Polythecnic, Aba, NG
3 Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu, NG
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Abia Polythecnic, Aba, NG
3 Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 83-92Abstract
Assessment and prediction of the shrinkage sustained in fired clay materials has been carried out based on multi-factors such as bulk density, drying temperature and evaporating surface area. The clay materials were prepared using different grain sizes; <100μm, 100- 300μm, 300-1000 μm and their respective mixtures. The derived model. S = [ exp(eγ + 1.2 x 10-7 ϑ - 0.0002θ )]0.8929 indicates that shrinkage is dependent on the resultant bulk density of the clay body following firing at a temperature of 12000C, the drying temperature and the evaporating surface area.. The validity of the model is ischolar_mained on the core model expression. ln [S1.12 ] = eγ + 1.2 x 10-7 ϑ - 0.0002θ where both sides of the expression are correspondingly approximately equal to 4. The maximum deviation of the model-predicted shrinkage from the corresponding experimental values is 11% which is within the acceptable range of deviation limit for experimental results. The evaluated standard error incurred in predicting shrinkage for each values of the bulk density considered as obtained from experiment and derived model are 0.1370 and 0.0189% respectively.Keywords
Model, Shrinkage, Clay Materials, Fired Bulk density, Drying
References
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- C. I. Nwoye. Mathematical Model for Computational Analysis of Volume Shrinkage Resulting from Initial Air-Drying of Wet Clay Products. International Research Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 5(1) (2008)82-85.
- C. I. Nwoye, I. O. Iheanacho and O. O. Onyemaobi. Model for the Evaluation of Overall Volume Shrinkage in Molded Clay Products from Initial Air- Drying Stage to Completion of Firing. International Journal of Natural & Applied Science, 4(2) (2008)234- 238.
- C.I. Nwoye. Model for Calculating the Quantity of Water Lost by Evaporation during Oven Drying of Clay. Researcher Journal, 1(3) (2009)8-13.
- C. I. Nwoye, K. Okeke, M. Obi, U. Nwanyanwu and S. Ofoegbu. Model for Predictive Analysis of the Quantity of Water Evaporated during the Primary- Stage Processing of Bioceramic Material Sourced from Kaolin. Journal of Nature and Science 7(4) (2009)79-84.
- C. I. Nwoye, C. C. Nwakwuo, M. C. Obi, G. C. Obasi, and O. O. Onyemaobi. Model for Quantifying the Extent and Magnitude of Water Evaporated during Time Dependent Drying of Clay. New York Journal of Science, 2(3) (2009) 55-58.
- C. I. Nwoye. 2006. SynchroWell Research Work Report, DFM Unit, No 20061396, 46-57
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- Model for Assessment and Prediction of the Hardness of the Heat Affected Zone in Aluminum Weldment Cooled in Groundnut Oil
Abstract Views :512 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG
2 Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science & Tech., Enugu, NG
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG
2 Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science & Tech., Enugu, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 93-102Abstract
αModels have been derived for assessing and predicting the heat affected zone hardness of aluminum weldment cooled in groundnut oil in relation to the respective and combined values of HAZ hardness of mild steel and cast iron welded and cooled under the same conditions have been derived. The derived single models; β = 0.4478ϒ, β = 0.8031α, and ϒ = 1.7934α as well as general model; β = 1.2509[(ϒα/ϒ + α)] were found to predict the HAZ hardness of aluminum weldment cooled in groundnut oil as a function of the HAZ hardness of mild steel or cast iron welded and cooled under the same conditions. The maximum deviation of the model-predicted HAZ hardness values β, ϒ and α from the corresponding experimental values βexp, γexp and αexp was less 0.02% indicating the reliability and validity of the model.Keywords
Model, Hardness, Heat Affected Zone, Aluminum Weldments, Mild Steel, Cast IronReferences
- E. E. Nnuka, F. A. Ovat and M. I. Oseni. Effect of Electrode Types on the Mechanical Properties and Structure of Welded Steel Joints. JMME, 3(1) (2008)7-13.
- J. F. Lancaster. Metallurgy of Welding: The Mechanical Properties of the Heat Affected Zone, 4th Edition, Allen and University, London. (1987)
- C. I. Nwoye. Comparative Studies of the Cooling Ability of Hydrocarbon Based Media and their Effects on the Hardness of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in Weldments, JMME, 3 (1) (2008) 35-37.
- C. I. Nwoye, U. Odumodu, C. C. Nwoye, G. C. Obasi and O. O. Onyemaobi. Model for Predictive Analysis of Hardness of the Heat Affected Zone in Aluminum Weldment Cooled in Groundnut Oil Relative to HAZ Hardness of Mild Steel and Cast Iron Weldments Cooled in Same Media, New York Sc. Journal, 2(6) (2009) 93-98.
- C. I. Nwoye. Quadratic Model for Predicting the Hardness of Heat Affected Zone in Water Cooled Cast Iron Weldment In Relation to Similarly Cooled Aluminum and Mild Steel Weldments, JMMCE, 8 (10) (2009a) 765-773.
- C.I. Nwoye. Quadratic and Linear Models for Predicting the Hardness of Heat Affected Zone in Air Cooled Cast Iron Weldment in Relation to the HAZ Hardness of Aluminum and Mild Steel Weldments Cooled in Same Media, Res. 1 (4) (2009b)1-6.
- Analysis of Dissolved Fe and Fe2O3 Summation Based on Factorial Influence of Iron Ore Mass-Input and Final Solution pH during Oxalic Acid Leaching
Abstract Views :393 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, NG
2 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu, NG
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, NG
2 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu, NG
Source
Indian Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 113-126Abstract
α∑This paper presents an analysis of dissolved Fe and Fe2O3 summation based on factorial influence of iron ore mass-input and final solution pH during oxalic acid leaching. An empirical model expressed as, %ΣC<SUB>Fe+Fe2O3</SUB> = 0.1152(α/ϒ) was derived and applied as a tool for the analysis. The model indicates that dissolution of Fe and Fe2O3 is dependent on the ore mass-input and final leaching solution pH measured during the leaching process. It was observed that the validity of the model is ischolar_mained on the expressions, %Fe = N(α/ϒ), %Fe2O3 = NC(α/ϒ) and %∑C<SUB>Fe + Fe2O3</SUB> = N∑(α/ϒ) where both sides of each relationship are correspondingly approximately almost equal. The maximum deviation of the modelpredicted dissolved %ΣC<SUB>Fe + Fe2O3</SUB> values from the corresponding experimental values was found to be 13.33% which is quite within the acceptable range of deviation limit of experimental results. Statistical analysis of the derived experimental and model-predicted summed dissolved concentrations of Fe and Fe2O3 (%ΣC<SUB>Fe + Fe2O3</SUB> ) for each value of ore mass-input and final solution pH considered shows standard errors of 0.0216&0.0212% and 0.0321&0.0274% respectively. The summed dissolved concentrations of Fe and Fe2O3 (%ΣC<SUB>Fe + Fe2O3</SUB> ) per unit mass of iron oxide ore input evaluated from experimental and model-predicted results are 0.0048% g<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.0045% g<SUP>-1 </SUP>respectively, indicating proximate agreement.Keywords
Analysis, Dissolved Fe And Fe2O3 Summation, Oxalic Acid, Iron Oxide Ore, LeachingReferences
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- C. I. Nwoye, SynchroWell Res. Work Report, DFM Unit, No. 2051198, (2007) 76-83.
- C. I. Nwoye, Model for Quantitative Analysis of Dissolved Iron in Oxalic Acid Solution during Leaching of Iron Oxide Ore, Inter. Res. J. Eng. Sc. Tech., 5(1) (2008a) 37-41.
- C. I. Nwoye, G. N. Amara, and O. O. Onyemaobi. Model for Evaluating Dissolved Iron during Leaching of Iron Oxide Ore in Sulphuric Acid Solution, Inter. J. Nat. Appl. Sc., 4(2) (2008a) 209-211.
- C. I. Nwoye, SynchroWell Res. Work Report, DFM Unit, No 24871002, (2008b) 30-42.
- C. I. Nwoye, C-NIKBRAN "Data Analytical Memory" – Software (2008c)
- C. I. Nwoye, G. C. Obasi, U. Mark, S. Inyama and C. C. Nwakwuo. Model for Calculating the Concentration of Leached Iron Relative to the Final Solution Temperature during Sulphuric Acid Leaching of Iron Oxide Ore New York Sc. Journal. 2(3) (2009a) 49-54.
- C. I. Nwoye, S. U. Ofoegbu, M. C. Obi, C. C. Nwakwuo. Model for Predictive Analysis of the Concentration of Dissolved Iron Relative to the Weight Input of Iron Oxide Ore and Leaching Temperature during Sulphuric Acid Leaching. Nat. & Sc.J. 7(3) (2009b) 41-47.
- C. I. Nwoye, R. A. Ejimofor, C. Nlebedim, U. C. Nwoye, M. C. Obi, G. C. Obasi, P. C. Agu. Model for Calculating the Solution pH during Hydrogen Peroxide Leaching of Iron Oxide Ore. Nat. & Sc. 7(3) (2009c) 48-54.
- M. Taxiarchour, D. Panias, I. Doumi, I. Paspaliaris, A. Kontopoulos. Removal of iron from silica sand by leaching with oxalic acid, Hydrometallurgy, (46) (1997a) 215-227.