Journal of Pure and Applied Ultrasonics

Udo Kaatze ¹

Affiliations
1 Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universitat, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Gottingen, DE

Abstract

This tutorial gives a short introduction into the broad-band ultrasonic spectroscopy of liquids. The fundamentals of acoustical methods are summarized. Preference is given to methods using continuous waves and pulse modulated signals. Related techniques, such as time-domain methods with step-like excitation of the sample and with optical monitoring of acoustical waves (Brillouin scattering), are briefly mentioned, too. Constructions of some types of sonic cells for liquids and electronic set-ups for spectral measurements are presented in detail. The merits and limitations of different techniques of measurements, covering the frequency range from almost 10 kHz up to nearly 10 GHz, are discussed. Together with applications in the relaxation properties of liquids, examples of broadband ultrasonic spectra are shown.

Keywords

Ultrasonic Spectroscopy, Liquids, Relaxations, Acoustical Absorption Coefficient, Sound Velocity.

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Udo Kaatze ¹

Affiliations
1 Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universitat, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Gottingen, DE

Abstract

This paper focuses on acoustical methods for liquid measurements at a fixed frequency or in a small frequency band. Emphasis is particularly given to high-precision sound velocity measurements. Methods employing continuous waves and sharp pulses are discussed in detail. Related methods are also described briefly. The merits and limitations of the different methods of measurement are shown. Some examples of measurement applications are presented in order to indicate the favourable sensitivity of single methods and to reveal their extended usability in basic research and in manufacturing process.

Keywords

Ultrasonic Measurements, Liquids Characterization, Sound Velocity, Resonator Techniques, Pulse Methods.

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