Journal of Pure and Applied Ultrasonics

D. Saranya ¹, I. V. Anambiga ¹, V. Suganthan ¹, N. Arunai Nambi Raj ², K. Venkatramanan ³

Affiliations
1 School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, IN
2 School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, IN
3 Department of Physics, SCSVMV University, Kanchipuram-631561, IN

Abstract

Kidney stones are solid mass of tiny crystals found in the inner lining of the kidneys. Due to the presence of calcium, magnesium ammonium phosphates, urates, cystine and proteins the natural kidney stones vary in their compositions. Due to this difference in the composition, phantoms were prepared using a material called "BegoStone" which has the composition of alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrates. Depending on the ratio of BegoStone and water, five types of phantoms such as oxalate, cystine, Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate/Carbonate apatite, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and uric acid were prepared. To determine the ultrasonic velocity parameters, "Digital Ultrasonic Pulse Echo Velocity Meter" was used. The properties like transverse & longitudinal wave velocity measurements and density measurements were studied. Based on these measurements some of the other properties like bulk, shear, Young's modules and Poisson's ratio of the stone phantom were also calculated.

Keywords

Kidney Stones, Phantom, Begostone, Ultrasonic Velocity Meter.

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K. Venkatramanan ¹, R. Padmanaban ¹, D. Kalidass ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram-631561, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

The scientific and commercial progress in the area of polymer blends during the past two decades has been tremendous and was driven by the realization that new molecules are not always required to meet the needs of new materials and that blending can usually be implemented to meet the needs of new materials more rapidly and economically than the development of new chemistry. Since the beginning of the plastic industry it has been recognised that blending yields materials with properties superior to the feature of the individual components. There has been progress in the understanding of the behavior of polymer blends especially the thermodynamics and rheology. New blends are constantly being developed, characterized, and blends with different desirable features are now available. Blending technology is useful in the field of plastic recycling also. In the present case, an attempt has been made to blend Polyethylene glycol with polystyrene. Ultrasonic studies are done for various blend compositions [0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 80/20, 100/0] of PEG 400/PS 35000 and PEG 4000/PS 35000 at 303 K in Toluene. The blends showed semicompatible nature. The compatible nature was further examined and confirmed through refractive index and optical microscopic studies.

Keywords

Blend, Polyethylene Glycol, Polystyrene, Ultrasonic Velocity, Compatibility.

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