Journal of Pure and Applied Ultrasonics

Amita Tripathy ¹, Ganeswar Nath ², Rita Paikaray ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Science and Humanities, ABES Engineering. College, Ghaziabad-201009, IN
2 Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Sambalpur-768018, IN
3 Department of Physics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753003, IN

Abstract

Wax deposition is a serious problem in the petroleum industry that results in plugging of flow strings, formation damage, loss of hydrocarbons, increased production cost. In order to overcome wax deposition problem, this study investigated the feasibility of acetone: n-pentane as a selective solvent to dewax a Nigerian heavy crude oil using ultrasonic technique. To understand the effectiveness of selected solvent mixture for dewaxing process, the ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity are determined experimentally at temperature 30°C. From the experimental data the acoustic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (L_f), acoustic impedance (Z), interaction parameter (η) and molar volume (V_m) and their excess values are calculated. The variation of acoustic parameters and their excess values are discussed in terms of molecular interactions present in the solvent mixture which explains the physio-chemical behaviour and optimum feasibility condition of the blended solvent for dewaxing of the crude oil. Experiments were conducted on three solvent to crude oil ratios (10:1, 15:1 and 20:1) at 30°C. Each crude oil sample was weighed out and mixed with acetone: n-pentane at a predetermined mass ratio and then heated in a hot water bath and stirred until a thermal equilibrium was achieved. The results indicated that acetone: n-pentane dewaxing performance improved at 30°C temperatures.

Keywords

Crude Oil, Dewaxing, Blending Solution, Ultrasonic Velocity, Acoustic Parameter.

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Ranjeeta Giri ¹, Ganeswar Nath ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Sambalpur-768018, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The most important application of rare earth element materials (REE) is in use as source of nuclear energy. Reprocessing consists of dissolution of spent nuclear fuel in acid medium and subsequent recovery of fissile materials and other materials by solvent extraction technique. The appearance of 'third phase' and its formation is one of the major problems encountered during extraction of rare earth elements materials. The treatment of suitable extractants and diluents with knowledge of their intermolecular interaction in the third phase is an important step in the extraction process. The extractant like methyl iso butyl ketone (MIBK) with diluents like toluene and kerosene has been undertaken for the study of third phase. The ultrasonic study has been done with binary mixture at temperature 303 K for different frequencies. The ultrasonic velocities, density, viscosity are measured experimentally. The different physico-acoustical parameters computed and explained in terms of molecular interaction. The variation of each parameter provides the optimum suitable blends of the mixture for extraction of REE materials. The efficiency of the extraction is calculated using Nernst distribution law. The result shows good extraction efficiency for blends of MIBK and toluene as compared to kerosene.

Keywords

Rare Earth Elements, Extractant, Diluent, Ultrasonic Velocity, Viscosity.

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Ganeswar Nath ¹, Sarat K. Swain ², Abhijit Sarangi ¹, Rita Paikaray ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur-768018, Odisha, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur-768018, Odisha, IN
3 Department of Physics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753003, Odisha, IN

Abstract

Surface treatment of natural fibers with the help of compatible solvent mixture is an important step in preparation of different reinforcement materials in the fiber engineering and technology. The ultrasonic waves can be used to study the compatibility between the solvent mixtures and the lignin present in the surface of the natural fibers, which may enable fibers to be fillers for making of composites. The ultrasonic velocity was determined in binary mixtures of ethanol-acetone and methanol-acetone with different frequencies (1 MHz, 3 MHz and 5 MHz) at temperature 303 K. The different acoustic parameters like acoustic impedance, bulk modulus, intermolecular free length and compressibility are computed from the ultrasonic velocity and experimentally determined densities. The variations of these parameters are discussed in terms of different intermolecular interactions present in the solvent mixture. The compatibility of solvent mixtures was determined from the comparative values of thermo dynamical acoustic parameters. The interaction of selected solvent mixture with surface of the fiber was investigated. The sonochemical miscibility of the mixtures may be suitable solvent for bleaching of surface of fibers.

Keywords

Reinforcement, Acoustic Parameters, Sonochemical Analysis, Bleaching, Lignin.

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Abhijit Sarangi ¹, Ranjeeta Giri ², Ganeswar Nath ², Rita Paikaray ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Chirst College, Cuttack -753001, IN
2 Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Sambalpur -768018, IN
3 Department of Physics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack -753003, IN

Abstract

Solvent extraction is largely applied in the purification in chemical and hydrometallurgical industries. The selection of proper extractants with a suitable diluents cause an efficient extraction of different metals from their components. The separation technology follows different method for extraction of the metals from ionic solution using various properties. But all the methods have various drawbacks in respect of technology or cost factor. After all, ultrasonic technique is one of the best and cheapest procedures for analysis of solvent extraction using different extractants with diluents. The present work deals with the study of some physical and acoustical properties like density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity and compressibility etc. in the tributyl phosphate (TBP)-benzene system at temperature 30°C, 35°C and 40°C. The variations of different physical and acoustical properties are discussed in terms of interaction which has been well explained the solubility of the extractants for solvent extraction.

Keywords

Ultrasonic Velocity, Extractants, Diluents, Acoustical Properties, Acoustical Parameter.

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Gyana Ranjan Mishra ¹, Ganeswar Nath ², Rita Paikaray ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753003, IN
2 Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai Univesity of Technology, Sambalpur-768018, IN

Abstract

The important issue in composite technology is the interfacial strength between the fiber and matrix. The strong bonding in the interfacial region is essential for achieving high mechanical performances of biocomposites. Therefore, a number of chemical and physical treatment studies on a variety of natural fibers have been devoted to understand and enhance the interfacial adhesion between the natural fibers and the polymer matrix and to further improve the composite properties. In the present study, sodium hydroxide was independently used as fiber surface treatment media. Ultrasonic technique can be utilized as a dynamic treatment to understand the basic mechanism in chemical treatment of natural fiber. Ultrasonic velocity, and density have been measured in the aqueous solutions of Cellulose with sodium hydroxide, with a view to understand the nature of interaction between the cellulose and sodium hydroxide at temperature 303K. The acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, acoustic impedance are calculated. These parameters provide valuable information regarding achieving of high mechanical performances of natural fiber. The SEM and FTIR data of untreated and treated date palm fiber clearly shows the improvement of surface of date palm leaf.

Keywords

Natural Fiber, Cellulose, Surface Treatment, Ultrasonic Wave, Acoustic Parameters.

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